Atomic theory gr 9
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1. Dalton proposed the first atomic theory in 1808, which stated that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be created, destroyed, or subdivided during chemical reactions. 2. In the early 1900s, scientists like Thomson, Rutherford, and Faraday expanded on Dalton's theory by discovering that atoms contain electrons and identifying the nucleus as the center of the atom that contains protons and neutrons. 3. Rutherford further amended atomic theory in 1911 by concluding that the nucleus contains nearly all the mass of an atom and that electrons orbit the nucleus, leaving mostly empty space inside atoms.
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History of atomic theory
Early philosophers proposed that all matter was made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. John Dalton later proposed the first atomic theory with evidence, stating that atoms are uniform spheres that make up elements. J.J. Thomson's experiments discovered the electron, showing atoms contain negatively charged particles. Rutherford's experiments demonstrated that atoms have small, dense positively charged nuclei surrounded by empty space occupied by electrons. This led to the modern understanding of atomic structure with protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Origins of the atomic theory
1) Early Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that all matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
2) In the early 1800s, English scientist John Dalton developed the first serious atomic theory, proposing that elements are made of atoms and atoms of the same element have the same properties.
3) J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1897 showed that atoms contain smaller subatomic particles, challenging the idea that atoms are indivisible.
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The document summarizes the development of the atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus, who proposed atoms as indivisible particles, to modern scientists like Rutherford, Thomson, Millikan, and Chadwick. Key events included Dalton proposing atoms combine in whole number ratios (1803), Thomson discovering the electron (1897), Rutherford deducing the nuclear atom from gold foil experiments (1911), and Chadwick discovering the neutron (1932). Together, these scientists experimentally verified atoms and identified the subatomic particles that compose them.
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- Democritus first proposed the theory of materialism, that everything is composed of indivisible atoms. Antoine Lavoisier established the law of conservation of mass in 1789, stating that matter can be rearranged but not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. John Dalton created the first tables of relative atomic mass and established the law of definite proportions in 1805.
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John Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter is composed of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms. He hypothesized that atoms of the same element are identical, while atoms of different elements differ in their properties. Dalton also suggested that atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds. His atomic theory provided an explanation for laws such as the law of conservation of mass and the law of definite proportions. Dalton's experiments helped establish the idea that atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter.
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Early philosophers proposed that all matter was made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. John Dalton later proposed the first atomic theory with evidence, stating that atoms are uniform spheres that make up elements. J.J. Thomson's experiments discovered the electron, showing atoms contain negatively charged particles. Rutherford's experiments demonstrated that atoms have small, dense positively charged nuclei surrounded by empty space occupied by electrons. This led to the modern understanding of atomic structure with protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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1) Early Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that all matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
2) In the early 1800s, English scientist John Dalton developed the first serious atomic theory, proposing that elements are made of atoms and atoms of the same element have the same properties.
3) J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1897 showed that atoms contain smaller subatomic particles, challenging the idea that atoms are indivisible.
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1. Johann Döbereiner noticed that the atomic weight of strontium fell between calcium and barium, elements with similar properties, proposing the Law of Triads.
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3) In 1808, John Dalton proposed atoms as tiny particles that could not be divided and that each element was made of its own type of atom.
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2) Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and properties.
3) Atoms of different elements vary in size, mass and properties.
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Modern atomic theory has updated that:
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2) Atoms are destructible through nuclear processes converting mass to energy.
3) Atoms of a given element can differ in mass and properties as
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Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
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1. Democritus was the first to propose that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible units called atoms. Later scientists like Dalton expanded on this idea.
2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting the nucleus. This overturned the plum pudding model.
3. Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, completing the standard picture of atomic structure with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in orbitals around it.
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The document provides a timeline of important discoveries and developments in the understanding of the atom from ancient Greek philosophers Democritus and Aristotle up to the early 20th century. It describes key contributions such as Democritus' idea that all matter is made of indivisible atoms, Dalton introducing atomic theory in 1802, Mendeleev organizing the periodic table in 1869, Thomson discovering the electron in 1897, Rutherford proposing the nuclear model of the atom in 1911, and Moseley ordering the elements by atomic number in 1913.
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The document summarizes the history of atomic structure models from Thomson's "plum pudding" model to Bohr's model. It describes key scientists' contributions, including:
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- Rutherford's gold foil experiment which led him to propose a small, dense nucleus with electrons in orbits around it
- Bohr's refinement incorporating quantum theory, explaining electron energy levels and spectral lines
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This document discusses the development of atomic theory over time. It describes early Greek philosopher Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called atoms. In the early 1800s, John Dalton proposed the first atomic theory with evidence, stating that all matter is made of atoms that are indestructible. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, scientists like J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr further expanded atomic theory through experiments, concluding that atoms have a small, positive nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Atomic theory
This document provides a timeline of the development of atomic theory from Democritus in 400 BCE to James Chadwick in 1932. It outlines the key contributors to atomic theory and their discoveries, including: Democritus' early idea of atoms; Lavoisier distinguishing elements from compounds; Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of indivisible atoms; discoveries of cathode rays, electrons, and the plum pudding model; and Rutherford's nuclear model showing atoms are mostly empty space with a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons.
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2. Major milestones included Dalton establishing atoms as the basic unit of matter, Thomson discovering the electron, Rutherford discovering the nucleus, Bohr explaining electron energy levels, and the development of the quantum model explaining wave-particle duality of electrons.
3. Each new model built upon the previous work and corrected limitations, moving science closer to a full understanding of atomic structure.
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This document summarizes the history of atomic structure and the discovery of subatomic particles. It discusses:
1) Early ideas about atoms from Maharshi Kanada and Democritus.
2) John Dalton's atomic theory from 1808 that atoms are indivisible and combine to form molecules.
3) Discovery of the electron from cathode ray experiments by Crookes and Thomson, showing electrons are negatively charged and part of atoms.
4) Realization that atoms must also contain positively charged particles, leading to the discovery of the proton by Goldstein and verification by Thomson.
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THE BASIC UNIT OF MATTER IS CALLED ATOM.DIFFERENT ATOMIC THEORIES EVOLVED.NUCLEUS CONSIST OF PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS LAVOSIER,COULOMB DALTON SIR WILLIAM CROOKES,WIIHELM ROENTGEN, JJ THOMSON RUTHERFORD,NEIL BOHR ILLUSTRATED DIFFERENT THEORIES
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1. The ancient Greek philosophers Empedocles and Democritus proposed early atomic theories, believing that all matter was made up of indivisible particles called atoms.
2. In the early 1900s, scientists such as Rutherford, Thomson, and Chadwick discovered the internal structure of atoms through experiments, finding that atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons.
3. Niels Bohr contributed to the modern atomic model in 1913 by proposing that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells or energy levels.
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1. Johann Döbereiner noticed that the atomic weight of strontium fell between calcium and barium, elements with similar properties, proposing the Law of Triads.
2. John Newlands classified elements into groups and noted pairs differed by multiples of eight in atomic weight, proposing the Law of Octaves.
3. Dmitri Mendeleev developed the first recognizable periodic table, ordering elements by atomic mass and predicting undiscovered elements, though Henry Moseley later showed atomic number was fundamental.
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John Dalton developed atomic theory in 1808, proposing six main postulates: 1) Matter is made of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms, 2) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, 3) Atoms of different elements differ in mass and properties, 4) Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds, 5) In compounds the relative number and type of atoms is fixed, and 6) Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided in chemical reactions. Dalton's theory did not account for isotopes or allotropes which have atoms of varying masses or properties within an element.
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1) Ancient Greek philosophers Aristotle and Democritus proposed early atomic theories in Greece over 2000 years ago.
2) Medieval European alchemists developed early chemistry experiments between 800-900 AD trying to change materials into gold.
3) In 1808, John Dalton proposed atoms as tiny particles that could not be divided and that each element was made of its own type of atom.
4) In 1897, J.J. Thompson discovered electrons as negatively charged particles smaller than atoms.
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The document traces the evolution of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus, who proposed that all matter is made up of indivisible atoms, to modern scientists like Rutherford, Bohr, Thomson, Chadwick and others. Their experiments and findings progressively revealed more about the internal structure of atoms, including discovering the electron, nucleus, neutron, and that atoms are mostly empty space with electrons in motion around the dense nucleus. The current model depicts electrons in a probabilistic "electron cloud" rather than on fixed orbits as in the Rutherford-Bohr model.
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The document summarizes the development of atomic models from Democritus to Bohr. It discusses key contributors including Democritus proposing atoms, Dalton establishing the atomic theory, Thomson proposing the plum pudding model, Rutherford discovering the nucleus through the gold foil experiment, and Bohr refining the model by proposing fixed electron orbits.
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Dalton's atomic theory proposed that:
1) Matter is made of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms.
2) Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and properties.
3) Atoms of different elements vary in size, mass and properties.
The theory had limitations such as not explaining Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes or the nature of atomic bonding.
Modern atomic theory has updated that:
1) Atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles like electrons and protons.
2) Atoms are destructible through nuclear processes converting mass to energy.
3) Atoms of a given element can differ in mass and properties as
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If all the elements are arranged in the order of their atomic weights, a periodic repetition of properties is obtained. This is expressed by the law of periodicity.— Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev
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This is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the topic or lesson: Dalton's Atomic Model. It also includes the history of John Dalton, characteristics and concepts of Dalton's Atomic Model.
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
Lesson 3 Atomos, Aristotle and Alchemy (Chemistry Before Modern History)
CONTENT:
How the idea of the atom, along with the idea of the elements evolved
CONTENT STANDARD
At the end of the lesson, you will have to describe:
1. how the concept of the atom evolved from Ancient Greek to the present; and
2. how the concept of the element evolved from Ancient Greek to the present
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, you will have to:
1. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the atom (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-5)
2. describe the ideas of the Ancient Greeks on the elements (2 hours) (S11/12PS-IIIa-b-6)
3. describe the contributions of the alchemists to the science of chemistry (S11/12PS-IIIb-7)
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The document discusses the history of ideas about the composition of matter from ancient Greek philosophers to early alchemists. It describes how Thales of Miletus first proposed matter was composed of water, while Empedocles suggested four elements of air, water, earth, and fire. Leucippus and Democritus introduced the first atomic theory that matter could be divided into indivisible fragments called atoms. Aristotle rejected atomism, believing matter was composed of earth, water, air, and fire with properties of hot, cold, dry, and wet. Alchemy emerged believing matter could be transformed, leading to early chemistry.
Periodic table and atomic structure
The periodic table classifies elements based on their properties and arranges them in order of increasing atomic number. Elements in the same column have similar properties due to their shared valence electrons. Properties like atomic size and ionization energy trend periodically across periods and down groups due to changing electron configurations. Elements attain stability by losing, gaining or sharing electrons to achieve noble gas configurations.
FINAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
1. Democritus was the first to propose that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible units called atoms. Later scientists like Dalton expanded on this idea.
2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting the nucleus. This overturned the plum pudding model.
3. Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, completing the standard picture of atomic structure with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in orbitals around it.
HISTORY OF THE ATOM
The document provides a timeline of important discoveries and developments in the understanding of the atom from ancient Greek philosophers Democritus and Aristotle up to the early 20th century. It describes key contributions such as Democritus' idea that all matter is made of indivisible atoms, Dalton introducing atomic theory in 1802, Mendeleev organizing the periodic table in 1869, Thomson discovering the electron in 1897, Rutherford proposing the nuclear model of the atom in 1911, and Moseley ordering the elements by atomic number in 1913.
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The document summarizes the history of atomic structure models from Thomson's "plum pudding" model to Bohr's model. It describes key scientists' contributions, including:
- Thomson's discovery of the electron and proposal that atoms contain positive charge with electrons distributed throughout
- Rutherford's gold foil experiment which led him to propose a small, dense nucleus with electrons in orbits around it
- Bohr's refinement incorporating quantum theory, explaining electron energy levels and spectral lines
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The document discusses the structure of atoms. It explains that atoms are made up of subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons. J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, while E. Goldstein discovered the positively charged particle, which was later named the proton. Ernest Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment provided evidence that the mass and positive charge of an atom are concentrated in a small, dense nucleus at the center. Niels Bohr later proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in well-defined energy levels or shells. In 1932, James Chadwick discovered the neutron, which has no charge and a mass similar to a proton. The structure of atoms is defined by the number of protons, which determines the element, and
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Atomic theory describes matter as composed of atoms, the basic units that constitute chemical elements. Democritus first proposed the idea of indivisible atoms in ancient Greece. In the early 1900s, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron and proposed a "plum pudding" model of the atom. Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus through alpha particle scattering experiments, leading to the planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus. Niels Bohr later adjusted this model to account for electron stability.
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The document summarizes the development of atomic models over time from Dalton's model to the current quantum mechanical model. Dalton imagined atoms as spheres that differed in size and mass. Thomson discovered the electron and proposed the "plum pudding" model. Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed the tiny, dense nucleus. Chadwick discovered neutrons in the nucleus. Bohr incorporated electron shells. The current quantum model depicts electrons as clouds surrounding the nucleus.
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This is about atomic model of chemistry. There have atomic structure. And all the history of atomic model.
Atomic theory presentation finale
The document discusses the history and development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus and Leucippus, who first proposed the idea of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr who contributed key discoveries and models that led to our current understanding. It explains concepts like atoms, elements, isotopes, atomic number, atomic mass, ions, and different atomic models including the plum pudding model, Bohr model, and electron cloud model.
Atomic theory presentation finale
The document discusses the history and development of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers like Democritus and Leucippus, who first proposed the idea of indivisible particles called atoms, to modern scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr who contributed key discoveries and models that led to our current understanding. It explains concepts like atoms, elements, atomic number, mass, ions, and different atomic models including the plum pudding, Bohr, and electron cloud models.
Atomic Theory Reg
1. Early atomic models proposed by philosophers like Democritus and Dalton proposed that atoms were the fundamental indivisible units of matter.
2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in the early 1900s showed that the atom has a small, dense nucleus at its center containing positive charge.
3. Later models like Bohr's incorporated the idea that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels, accounting for the emission and absorption of photons.
A T O M I C T H E O R Y Reg
1. Early atomic models proposed by philosophers like Democritus and Dalton proposed that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of matter.
2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in the early 1900s showed that the atom has a small, dense nucleus at its center containing most of its mass.
3. Later discoveries found that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus, leading to the modern understanding of atomic structure.
SCIENCE PRESENTATION
The document summarizes the development of atomic theory over time. It describes the early ideas of Democritus and Dalton's contributions, including defining atoms and the key points of his atomic theory. Later discoveries included the electron by Thomson, the nuclear model from Rutherford's gold foil experiment, discovery of the proton, neutron discovered by Chadwick, and development of quantum mechanics to better explain atomic structure.
Chemunit3presentation 111002170039-phpapp01
The document discusses the history of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern atomic structure. It begins with Democritus proposing atoms in 460 BC, though Aristotle disagreed. In the early 1800s, John Dalton revived atomic theory and proposed atoms combine in whole number ratios, explaining conservation of mass. In the early 1900s, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr contributed atomic models. Atoms are made of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Isotopes have the same number of protons but different neutrons. Unstable nuclei undergo radioactive decay through alpha, beta, or gamma radiation.
Chemchapt4 101015131310-phpapp02
- John Dalton developed the first modern atomic theory in the early 1800s based on experiments observing chemical reactions. He proposed that all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
- Atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The number of protons defines the identity of the atom as a particular chemical element.
- Atoms of the same element can differ in the number of neutrons, forming isotopes. Unstable isotopes decay through emission of radiation like alpha or beta particles to become stable.
Historical Development of the Atom model of an atom.ppt
The document traces the history of atomic models from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum theory. It begins with Democritus' idea in 460 BC that all matter is made of indivisible atoms. In the early 1800s, Dalton proposed atoms of different elements have unique properties and combine in fixed ratios. J.J. Thomson discovered atoms contain negatively charged electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1911 revealed the dense, positively charged nucleus. Later, Chadwick found neutrons in the nucleus and Bohr proposed electron orbits. Quantum theory with Schrodinger and Heisenberg established atoms as probability clouds rather than definite particles.
Nuclear.pptx
Nuclear physithese slides are related to the introduction of nuclear physics some contents is given which are related to the discovery of nucleus. The history of atoms etc
Atomic Theory & Structure
This document discusses the development of atomic theory from ancient Greece to modern times. It begins with Democritus' idea in 400 BC that matter is made of indivisible atoms. John Dalton expanded on this in 1803 with his Billiard Ball Model, proposing atoms as tiny invisible particles that make up elements. Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus in 1911 and protons in 1920 with his Planetary Model. Niels Bohr proposed fixed electron energy levels around the nucleus in 1913. Modern atomic theory incorporates Erwin Schrodinger's 1926 Electron Cloud Model and James Chadwick's 1932 discovery of neutrons in the nucleus.
atom and atomic theory chemistryxxxx.ppt
Atoms are the fundamental units that make up elements. John Dalton proposed the atomic theory which states that elements are made of atoms and atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The discovery of the electron, proton, neutron, and development of quantum theory led to modern atomic structure and periodic table. The periodic table organizes elements based on atomic structure including atomic number and trends in properties.
CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 4- structure of atom
This document discusses the structure of atoms and the development of atomic models over time. It covers John Dalton's early atomic theory that atoms are indivisible and different for each element. J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model described atoms as electrically neutral spheres. Rutherford determined atoms have a small, dense nucleus through alpha particle scattering experiments. Niels Bohr incorporated quantum theory, proposing electrons orbit in discrete energy levels. The document also discusses atomic number, mass number, isotopes, electron configuration, and valency.
MODELS OF THE atom......................
Three models contributed to developing the modern understanding of the atom:
1. Dalton's model proposed that atoms of different elements have different properties and that atoms cannot be subdivided further.
2. Thomson's "plum pudding" model viewed the atom as a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded inside.
3. Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed that the atom consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons, overturning Thomson's model and leading to further developments.
structure of atom
1) The document discusses the evolution of atomic theory from Thomson's model to Bohr's model. It describes key experiments such as cathode rays, X-rays, alpha and beta rays that contributed to scientific understanding of the atom.
2) Rutherford's gold foil experiment disproved Thomson's uniform sphere model of the atom and established that the atom has a small, dense nucleus at its center with electrons in orbit around it.
3) Later models such as Bohr's incorporated the concept of electron shells and energy levels to explain the arrangement of electrons in an atom.
CHM021 5 GROSS STRUCTURE OF ATOM (model).pptx
1. The document discusses the early theories of matter composition from the Greeks to Dalton's atomic theory. It then summarizes evidence from experiments in the late 19th to early 20th century that led to discoveries of the internal structure of atoms, including discovery of the electron, proton, and neutron.
2. Key experiments and scientists discussed include Thomson's discovery of the electron, Millikan's measurement of the electron's charge, Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom based on radioactive experiments, discovery of the proton by Goldstein and Chadwick's discovery of the neutron.
3. These discoveries revealed that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons in orbits around
Mod+13,+History+Of+Atom+Part+A
The document traces the history and development of atomic models from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum theory. It describes Democritus's early idea of indivisible atoms, followed by John Dalton formalizing the first atomic theory in the early 1800s. J.J. Thomson later discovered the electron and proposed that atoms are like "plum puddings" with positive matter and embedded electrons. Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed that atoms have a small, dense positive nucleus, leading Niels Bohr to model electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed shells. Modern quantum theory describes electrons as occupying probability clouds or orbitals around the nucleus.
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Historical Development of the Atom model of an atom.ppt
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