Atherosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, causing them to harden and narrow over many years without symptoms. It is caused by cholesterol and other substances combining to form plaque. This plaque buildup can lead to heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes, and is a major cause of death worldwide. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests of cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and fasting blood sugar. Risk factors include diabetes, smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, and high cholesterol diet. Prevention focuses on reducing dietary cholesterol, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and potentially using aspirin.
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Biochemistry atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup on their walls. It develops gradually over time due to risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and family history. Early on, it causes no symptoms but can eventually lead to chest pain, leg pain, heart attack, or stroke depending on which arteries are affected. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise as well as medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Surgery may be needed for severe cases.
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the UK, with around 20% of deaths attributed to conditions like atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which contains fat, calcium, and fibrous tissue. High blood pressure and chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage artery walls, allowing plaque to form. Over time, plaque hardens and reduces artery elasticity, risking aneurysm, hemorrhage, or blockages cutting off blood flow to organs or the brain, which can lead to stroke. Angina chest pain occurs when plaque limits blood to the heart, and thrombosis is a dangerous clot that can block coronary arteries. Quick medical care is
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular diseases involve the heart and blood vessels and are caused by multiple factors. Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis where plaque builds up in the arteries, restricting blood flow. It develops over many years as a response to damage from high cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking, which further aggravates and accelerates the hardening and narrowing of the arteries. Managing risk factors like controlling blood pressure, quitting smoking, cholesterol diet, exercise and medication can help prevent and treat atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
The basic presentation for the topic - Atherosclerosis.
All the risk factors of atherosclerosis are given in this presentation.
Content source - 1st year MBBS books
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which arteries become narrowed and hardened due to build up of plaque inside the artery.
Hypertension introductory concepts
Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels. They are often caused by atherosclerosis where plaque builds up in the arteries. Plaque roughens the artery walls and attracts platelets, which can form clots and block blood flow.
Risk factors for high blood pressure (hypertension) include non-modifiable factors like age, sex and genetics, as well as modifiable lifestyle factors such as high salt intake, high cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and lack of physical activity.
Symptoms of cardiovascular diseases include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain or numbness in the arms or legs. Dietary management focuses on reducing total fat, saturated fat and dietary cholesterol
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where the artery walls thicken due to a build-up of fatty materials like cholesterol. It starts when damage occurs to the inner layer of the artery from issues like high blood pressure, smoking, or high cholesterol. This damage allows plaque to form and build up in the artery wall over time from substances like macrophages, cholesterol crystals, and calcium deposits. Left untreated, it can block blood flow and potentially cause heart attacks or strokes since many people do not notice symptoms until a serious event occurs. Risk factors include age, family history, and lifestyle habits, and it can be treated through medication, procedures like stenting and bypass surgery, and lifestyle changes.
Metabolic basis of Atherosclerosis; Biochemistry - February 2015
This document defines atherosclerosis and its causes and risk factors. It discusses how atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in artery walls in response to LDL particles. As LDL particles accumulate in arteries, they can become oxidized, attracting macrophages. If macrophages cannot process the oxidized LDL, foam cells form, which can rupture and further narrow arteries. Risk factors include older age, male sex, diabetes, high LDL and low HDL cholesterol levels, smoking, and genetic factors. Diagnosis involves medical tests, and treatment includes medications, surgery, lifestyle changes, and managing underlying conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol.
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Biochemistry atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup on their walls. It develops gradually over time due to risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and family history. Early on, it causes no symptoms but can eventually lead to chest pain, leg pain, heart attack, or stroke depending on which arteries are affected. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise as well as medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Surgery may be needed for severe cases.
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the UK, with around 20% of deaths attributed to conditions like atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which contains fat, calcium, and fibrous tissue. High blood pressure and chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage artery walls, allowing plaque to form. Over time, plaque hardens and reduces artery elasticity, risking aneurysm, hemorrhage, or blockages cutting off blood flow to organs or the brain, which can lead to stroke. Angina chest pain occurs when plaque limits blood to the heart, and thrombosis is a dangerous clot that can block coronary arteries. Quick medical care is
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular diseases involve the heart and blood vessels and are caused by multiple factors. Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis where plaque builds up in the arteries, restricting blood flow. It develops over many years as a response to damage from high cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking, which further aggravates and accelerates the hardening and narrowing of the arteries. Managing risk factors like controlling blood pressure, quitting smoking, cholesterol diet, exercise and medication can help prevent and treat atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
The basic presentation for the topic - Atherosclerosis.
All the risk factors of atherosclerosis are given in this presentation.
Content source - 1st year MBBS books
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which arteries become narrowed and hardened due to build up of plaque inside the artery.
Hypertension introductory concepts
Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels. They are often caused by atherosclerosis where plaque builds up in the arteries. Plaque roughens the artery walls and attracts platelets, which can form clots and block blood flow.
Risk factors for high blood pressure (hypertension) include non-modifiable factors like age, sex and genetics, as well as modifiable lifestyle factors such as high salt intake, high cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and lack of physical activity.
Symptoms of cardiovascular diseases include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain or numbness in the arms or legs. Dietary management focuses on reducing total fat, saturated fat and dietary cholesterol
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where the artery walls thicken due to a build-up of fatty materials like cholesterol. It starts when damage occurs to the inner layer of the artery from issues like high blood pressure, smoking, or high cholesterol. This damage allows plaque to form and build up in the artery wall over time from substances like macrophages, cholesterol crystals, and calcium deposits. Left untreated, it can block blood flow and potentially cause heart attacks or strokes since many people do not notice symptoms until a serious event occurs. Risk factors include age, family history, and lifestyle habits, and it can be treated through medication, procedures like stenting and bypass surgery, and lifestyle changes.
Metabolic basis of Atherosclerosis; Biochemistry - February 2015
This document defines atherosclerosis and its causes and risk factors. It discusses how atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in artery walls in response to LDL particles. As LDL particles accumulate in arteries, they can become oxidized, attracting macrophages. If macrophages cannot process the oxidized LDL, foam cells form, which can rupture and further narrow arteries. Risk factors include older age, male sex, diabetes, high LDL and low HDL cholesterol levels, smoking, and genetic factors. Diagnosis involves medical tests, and treatment includes medications, surgery, lifestyle changes, and managing underlying conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol.
atherosclerosis
The document discusses atherosclerosis, which is a disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids and other materials within the inner layer of arterial walls. This buildup forms atherosclerotic plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. The consequences of atherosclerosis include heart attacks, strokes, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease. Prevention involves lifestyle changes while treatment focuses on controlling risk factors and surgical interventions if needed.
What is atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack or stroke if it reduces blood flow too much. The plaque is made up of substances like fat, cholesterol, and calcium. Risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body and lead to diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease depending on where the blockages occur. Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent atherosclerosis from worsening.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by lipid deposits in the arteries. Over time, these deposits, composed of cells and fibrous tissue, can grow and narrow the arteries. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis are age, male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The buildup of deposits in arteries can reduce blood flow and lead to complications like heart attack or stroke. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise, along with cholesterol-lowering medications as needed.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. It develops as cholesterol builds up under the damaged artery lining, causing inflammation and formation of fatty deposits called plaque. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood sugar. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and sometimes surgery to open blocked arteries and reduce complications.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is characterized by plaques that form within arteries and can rupture, causing blockages. It is caused by risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes that lead to endothelial injury and inflammation. Over time, lesions containing macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and lipids develop and can restrict blood flow or rupture. This disrupts blood vessels and causes complications like heart attack and stroke. The document discusses the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in detail.
atherosclerosis
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
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Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis occurs when arteries become thick and stiff due to a build-up of plaque, restricting blood flow. Atherosclerosis is a specific type where plaque builds up inside artery walls. It can affect arteries throughout the body, leading to coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or kidney disease. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and lifestyle factors like smoking and diet. Diagnosis involves tests like angiograms, stress tests, and blood work. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications, while advanced cases may require surgery to restore blood flow.
Anaemia
Anaemia is a condition where the blood has a lower than normal amount of red blood cells or haemoglobin. It can be caused by blood loss, iron deficiency, kidney disease, poor nutrition, medications, or alcohol use. Symptoms include paleness, fatigue, dizziness, and increased heart rate. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oral iron supplements, intravenous iron, or blood transfusions for severe anaemia.
Hypovolumic shock deer
The document summarizes a veterinary case involving a 2-month old male ram presenting with hypovolemic shock, dehydration, and diarrhea. Hypovolemic shock is an emergency condition caused by severe blood and fluid loss making the heart unable to pump enough blood. Dehydration means the body does not have enough water and fluids, which can be caused by fluid loss or not drinking enough. Diarrhea is defined as loose, watery, and frequent stool considered chronic if lasting over 4 weeks. The treatment prescribed included injections of dextrose, Jetipar, and Enrotil.
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Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease affecting the heart or blood vessels. The most common causes are atherosclerosis and hypertension. Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup within the artery walls due to damage from risk factors like high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure. This plaque buildup narrows the arteries and can lead to heart attacks or strokes if a plaque ruptures and blocks blood flow. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, not smoking, moderating alcohol, and controlling conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.
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A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, caused by a blood clot blocking a vessel, and hemorrhagic, caused by a bleeding vessel in the brain. Symptoms include sudden numbness, confusion, trouble seeing or walking, and severe headaches. If experienced, one must get immediate medical help to treat the stroke and prevent further damage. Risk factors include conditions like hypertension, smoking, diabetes, age, and heredity.
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the topic is about embolism, there is a video included as well, I hope ppt is useful for some one atleast
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presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
university of education LAHORE Pakistan
i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
bsc in science college multan
msc from lahore
16. common heart problems
Coronary heart disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply the heart, reducing blood flow. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, being overweight, and lack of exercise. Common symptoms are chest pain and fatigue. Inflammatory heart diseases like myocarditis, pericarditis, and endocarditis involve inflammation of the heart muscle, surrounding sac, or inner lining from infection. Heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer sufficiently pump blood due to conditions like coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy, where the heart muscle deteriorates over time.
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This document discusses different types of anemia characterized by abnormalities in blood cellular elements. It describes anemia as a reduction in red blood cells or hemoglobin. The main types discussed are hemorrhagic anemia due to blood loss, hemolytic anemia caused by red blood cell destruction, hypoplastic anemia from bone marrow depression, and nutritional deficiency anemia from lack of iron, copper, cobalt, proteins or vitamins. Symptoms of anemia include paleness, weakness, increased heart rate, and respiratory difficulties. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and clinical pathology showing low hemoglobin, red blood cells and hematocrit. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause as well as blood transfusions, sodium bicarbonate,Anemia
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The terms leukopenia and neutropenia are often used interchangeably. However, they refer to slightly different conditions. Leukopenia is an umbrella term that refers to a reducation in any of the white blood cell types.
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Atherosclerosis
1) This document discusses risk factors for atherosclerosis and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It identifies both controllable factors like hypertension, smoking, obesity, and uncontrollable factors like age, sex, and family history.
2) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves four main stages: chronic endothelial injury, accumulation of lipoproteins in the arteries, resultant inflammation and release of factors, and smooth muscle cell proliferation that narrows arteries.
3) Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis can include leg pain with exercise, absent pulses, bruits over arteries, dry skin, and coldness in affected limbs. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help regulate controllable risk factors.
Atherosclerosis fact sheet.4.09
Atherosclerosis is a progressive buildup of plaque in the artery walls that can restrict blood flow. It is usually asymptomatic until blockages form. Risk factors include high blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis leads to coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. It is the primary cause of most heart attacks and strokes in the US, resulting in over 500,000 deaths annually and costing over $200 billion per year.
ARTERIOSC.pptx
Arteriosclerosis is the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries. There are three main types: atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis. Atherosclerosis is caused by plaque buildup within arteries from risk factors like high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. It can lead to coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Symptoms depend on the affected blood vessel but may include chest pain, leg pain with walking, and stroke. Diagnosis involves angiography, CT scans, ultrasound, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on controlling risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications.
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atherosclerosis
The document discusses atherosclerosis, which is a disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids and other materials within the inner layer of arterial walls. This buildup forms atherosclerotic plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Major risk factors for atherosclerosis include increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. The consequences of atherosclerosis include heart attacks, strokes, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease. Prevention involves lifestyle changes while treatment focuses on controlling risk factors and surgical interventions if needed.
What is atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack or stroke if it reduces blood flow too much. The plaque is made up of substances like fat, cholesterol, and calcium. Risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body and lead to diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease depending on where the blockages occur. Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent atherosclerosis from worsening.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by lipid deposits in the arteries. Over time, these deposits, composed of cells and fibrous tissue, can grow and narrow the arteries. The major risk factors for atherosclerosis are age, male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. The buildup of deposits in arteries can reduce blood flow and lead to complications like heart attack or stroke. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise, along with cholesterol-lowering medications as needed.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. It develops as cholesterol builds up under the damaged artery lining, causing inflammation and formation of fatty deposits called plaque. Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood sugar. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and sometimes surgery to open blocked arteries and reduce complications.
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is characterized by plaques that form within arteries and can rupture, causing blockages. It is caused by risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes that lead to endothelial injury and inflammation. Over time, lesions containing macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and lipids develop and can restrict blood flow or rupture. This disrupts blood vessels and causes complications like heart attack and stroke. The document discusses the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in detail.
atherosclerosis
Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream. They consist of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid coat containing apoproteins and cholesterol. The main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL, and free fatty acids. Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, which can lead to blockages. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease include high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and smoking. Levels of LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) provide information about cardiovascular disease risk.
Medical Terminology Presentation 2: Suffixes
This document discusses medical terminology suffixes -uria and -emia. -Uria indicates a condition related to urine, such as glycosuria (glucose in urine) and hematuria (blood in urine), which can be caused by factors like high blood sugar levels, UTIs, exercise or kidney diseases. -Emia refers to a blood condition, for example sickle cell anemia where red blood cells are sickle shaped, or hypocalcemia which is low blood calcium and is caused by issues with parathyroid hormone, aging or malnutrition.
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis occurs when arteries become thick and stiff due to a build-up of plaque, restricting blood flow. Atherosclerosis is a specific type where plaque builds up inside artery walls. It can affect arteries throughout the body, leading to coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or kidney disease. Risk factors include age, gender, family history, and lifestyle factors like smoking and diet. Diagnosis involves tests like angiograms, stress tests, and blood work. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications, while advanced cases may require surgery to restore blood flow.
Anaemia
Anaemia is a condition where the blood has a lower than normal amount of red blood cells or haemoglobin. It can be caused by blood loss, iron deficiency, kidney disease, poor nutrition, medications, or alcohol use. Symptoms include paleness, fatigue, dizziness, and increased heart rate. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oral iron supplements, intravenous iron, or blood transfusions for severe anaemia.
Hypovolumic shock deer
The document summarizes a veterinary case involving a 2-month old male ram presenting with hypovolemic shock, dehydration, and diarrhea. Hypovolemic shock is an emergency condition caused by severe blood and fluid loss making the heart unable to pump enough blood. Dehydration means the body does not have enough water and fluids, which can be caused by fluid loss or not drinking enough. Diarrhea is defined as loose, watery, and frequent stool considered chronic if lasting over 4 weeks. The treatment prescribed included injections of dextrose, Jetipar, and Enrotil.
Information cd a
Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease affecting the heart or blood vessels. The most common causes are atherosclerosis and hypertension. Atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup within the artery walls due to damage from risk factors like high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure. This plaque buildup narrows the arteries and can lead to heart attacks or strokes if a plaque ruptures and blocks blood flow. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, not smoking, moderating alcohol, and controlling conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.
Cva
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, caused by a blood clot blocking a vessel, and hemorrhagic, caused by a bleeding vessel in the brain. Symptoms include sudden numbness, confusion, trouble seeing or walking, and severe headaches. If experienced, one must get immediate medical help to treat the stroke and prevent further damage. Risk factors include conditions like hypertension, smoking, diabetes, age, and heredity.
Embolisum
the topic is about embolism, there is a video included as well, I hope ppt is useful for some one atleast
Hemochromatosis
presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM
university of education LAHORE Pakistan
i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore
bsc in science college multan
msc from lahore
16. common heart problems
Coronary heart disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply the heart, reducing blood flow. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, being overweight, and lack of exercise. Common symptoms are chest pain and fatigue. Inflammatory heart diseases like myocarditis, pericarditis, and endocarditis involve inflammation of the heart muscle, surrounding sac, or inner lining from infection. Heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer sufficiently pump blood due to conditions like coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy, where the heart muscle deteriorates over time.
5 diseases characterized by abnormalities of the cellular elements of the blood
5 diseases characterized by abnormalities of the cellular elements of the blood karima Akool AlSalihi
This document discusses different types of anemia characterized by abnormalities in blood cellular elements. It describes anemia as a reduction in red blood cells or hemoglobin. The main types discussed are hemorrhagic anemia due to blood loss, hemolytic anemia caused by red blood cell destruction, hypoplastic anemia from bone marrow depression, and nutritional deficiency anemia from lack of iron, copper, cobalt, proteins or vitamins. Symptoms of anemia include paleness, weakness, increased heart rate, and respiratory difficulties. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and clinical pathology showing low hemoglobin, red blood cells and hematocrit. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause as well as blood transfusions, sodium bicarbonate,Anemia
Anemia is a condition caused by a lack of healthy red blood cells, which can result from blood loss, issues with red blood cell production, or destruction of red blood cells. Common symptoms include fatigue, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, headaches, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, pale skin, and leg cramps. To prevent anemia, one should follow doctor's instructions, eat a balanced diet high in iron, drink prune juice regularly, use iron-fortified formula if applicable, and cook in iron pots.
Leukopenia
The terms leukopenia and neutropenia are often used interchangeably. However, they refer to slightly different conditions. Leukopenia is an umbrella term that refers to a reducation in any of the white blood cell types.
Neutropenia is a type of leukopenia but refers specifically to a decrease in neutrophils, the most common type of white blood cell. A person’s neutrophil count is an important indicator of their infection risk.
Bio 120 Endocrine System
The document discusses hypercalcemia and polydipsia. Hypercalcemia is an excessive amount of calcium in the blood which can be caused by hyperparathyroidism, bone metastases, Paget's disease, osteoporosis, or decreased renal function. Symptoms include weakness, confusion, and coma. Treatment includes medications to reduce calcium levels. Polydipsia is excessive thirst and can be caused by diabetes, diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, blood loss, or psychogenic factors. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include IV fluids, vasopressin, or thiazide diuretics.
Atherosclerosis
1) This document discusses risk factors for atherosclerosis and their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It identifies both controllable factors like hypertension, smoking, obesity, and uncontrollable factors like age, sex, and family history.
2) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves four main stages: chronic endothelial injury, accumulation of lipoproteins in the arteries, resultant inflammation and release of factors, and smooth muscle cell proliferation that narrows arteries.
3) Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis can include leg pain with exercise, absent pulses, bruits over arteries, dry skin, and coldness in affected limbs. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help regulate controllable risk factors.
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5 diseases characterized by abnormalities of the cellular elements of the blood
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Similar to Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis fact sheet.4.09
Atherosclerosis is a progressive buildup of plaque in the artery walls that can restrict blood flow. It is usually asymptomatic until blockages form. Risk factors include high blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis leads to coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. It is the primary cause of most heart attacks and strokes in the US, resulting in over 500,000 deaths annually and costing over $200 billion per year.
ARTERIOSC.pptx
Arteriosclerosis is the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries. There are three main types: atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis. Atherosclerosis is caused by plaque buildup within arteries from risk factors like high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. It can lead to coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Symptoms depend on the affected blood vessel but may include chest pain, leg pain with walking, and stroke. Diagnosis involves angiography, CT scans, ultrasound, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on controlling risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications.
ARTERIOSC.pptx
Arteriosclerosis is the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries. There are three main types: atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis. Atherosclerosis is caused by plaque buildup within arteries from risk factors like high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. It can lead to coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Symptoms depend on the affected blood vessel but may include chest pain, leg pain with walking, and stroke. Diagnosis involves angiography, CT scans, ultrasound, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on controlling risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications.
Pharmacotherapy of Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease where arteries narrow and harden due to plaque buildup. It is a chronic inflammatory response to injury of the arterial wall. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. Plaque builds up over time due to accumulation of macrophages and LDL cholesterol. Symptoms depend on the location of blockages but may include chest pain or numbness. Diagnosis involves tests like ultrasounds, blood tests, and angiograms. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to control risk factors and slow progression, while procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery are sometimes needed for severe blockages.
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Cardiovascular disease is caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries. Plaques form when damage to artery walls causes inflammation and cholesterol accumulation. Over time, plaques harden and restrict blood flow. This can lead to problems like heart attacks from blocked coronary arteries or strokes from blocked arteries in the brain. Risk factors include diet, age, smoking, inactivity, and high blood pressure, which increases wear and tear on arteries.
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Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, narrowing them. It occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the blood stick to damaged artery walls. Over time, plaque builds up, restricting blood flow. This increases the risk of blood clots forming and blocking arteries, which can lead to heart attacks or strokes if a clot dislodges. Symptoms depend on which arteries are affected but may include chest pain or weakness. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medication to control risk factors and prevent complications.
atherosclerosisppt-140124150622-phpapp01.pdf
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is caused by inflammation in the arteries due to risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes. Over time, plaque narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow. If a plaque ruptures, it can block blood flow and cause a heart attack or stroke. Atherosclerosis has no symptoms until an artery is severely blocked. Then symptoms depend on the location of the blockage and can include chest pain, weakness, or leg pain when walking. Risk factors like age, sex, family history and certain genetic conditions also increase the chances of developing atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis ppt
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up inside arteries. It is caused by inflammation in the arteries due to risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, reducing blood flow. This can lead to complications like heart attacks or strokes if a plaque ruptures. Doctors use tests like ultrasounds and angiograms to diagnose atherosclerosis and determine if the arteries are blocked. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to control risk factors and blood pressure. In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty may be needed to open blocked arteries.
atherosclerosis.pptx
1) Atherosclerosis is a condition where an artery wall thickens due to a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is caused by chronic inflammation and accumulation of macrophages in the arteries.
2) It can restrict blood flow and cause blood clots to form. While often considered a heart problem, it can affect arteries anywhere.
3) Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diseases like diabetes. It progresses as fatty deposits called plaques build up in artery walls over many years.
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Cardiovascular diseases are a class of diseases involving the heart or blood vessels. They are caused mainly by lipid metabolism abnormalities and are the leading global cause of death. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory response in the artery walls causing plaque buildup and narrowing, is a major precursor of cardiovascular disease. Risk factors include high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and lack of exercise. Treatment depends on the specific disease but may include medications, angioplasty, or bypass surgery, while prevention focuses on modifying risk factors like diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking.
Atherosclerosis.pptx
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries. It happens over many years in stages: initially fatty streaks form from cholesterol accumulation under the artery wall, then plaque grows larger restricting blood flow. Eventually the plaque can rupture, causing blood clots that block arteries and lead to heart attack or stroke. Risk factors include high blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes and smoking. Doctors use tests like angiograms and ultrasounds to diagnose and stage atherosclerosis. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to control risks and open blocked arteries.
CHAPTER12CardiovascularDisease,Diabetes,andCancerC
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves the heart and blood vessels. The most common type is coronary artery disease, which causes heart attacks and angina. CVD can be caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in arteries due to conditions like high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. While some risk factors cannot be controlled, it is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, healthy diet and exercise. Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked or reduced, and is a medical emergency. The two main types are ischemic, caused by clots, and hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding. Transient ischemic attacks are mini-strokes that resolve
Chd edexcel
CVD refers to diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is a narrowing of the arteries caused by fatty deposits called atheromas. It begins with fatty streaks accumulating due to LDL cholesterol. Over time, fatty streaks enlarge to form plaques that bulge into arteries and restrict blood flow. This damages artery walls and causes platelets to form blood clots called thrombi. Sometimes thrombi break off and block other arteries as emboli. Weakened arteries can form aneurysms that often burst, leading to hemorrhage or stroke. High blood pressure, smoking, high blood cholesterol, and diet increase CVD risk.
Coronary
The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. There are two main coronary arteries - the right coronary artery and left main coronary artery. The right coronary artery supplies the right ventricle and atrium while the left main artery splits into the left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery which supply different regions of the heart. Coronary artery disease develops due to plaque buildup in the arteries, restricting blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery such as bypass or transplant, and angioplasty. Heart failure or heart attack can occur if blood flow is completely blocked.
3 angina pectoris
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE
a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therapy;
b. the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases;
c. the controversies in drug therapy;
d. the importance of preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis;
e. needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy,
and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects);
f. describe the pathophysiology of selected disease states and explain the rationale for
drug therapy;
g. summarise the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases including
reference to the latest available evidence;
h. discuss the controversies in drug therapy;
i. discuss the preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis; and
j. identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects).
Cad
Coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of death in the United States. It occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries and decreases blood flow to the heart, which can lead to chest pain, heart attack, or heart failure. Some major risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Nurses play an important role in educating patients on modifying risks like diet, exercise, and medication adherence to help prevent cardiovascular events.
coronary artery disease
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins by defining coronary circulation and explaining the importance of the coronary arteries in supplying blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD, and defines CAD as the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup. The document covers the incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and medical management of CAD.
4 myocardial infraction
Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of myocardial infraction
a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therapy;
b. the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases;
c. the controversies in drug therapy;
d. the importance of preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis;
e. needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy,
and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects);
f. describe the pathophysiology of selected disease states and explain the rationale for
drug therapy;
g. summarise the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases including
reference to the latest available evidence;
h. discuss the controversies in drug therapy;
i. discuss the preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis; and
j. identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects).
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in the arteries, limiting blood flow. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. This can lead to serious problems like heart attack, stroke, or death. Atherosclerosis develops slowly over many years and is worsened by risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and other conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes. Treatments aim to relieve symptoms, reduce risk factors, lower the chance of clots forming, and widen or bypass blocked arteries to prevent diseases caused by atherosclerosis.
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Atherosclerosis
- 1. P R A G N E S H PAT E L ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- 2. • Ather means “vessels” , sclerosis means “hardening “. Therefore it is known as hardening of blood vessels . • It is number one killer in the world. 20 % death due to this condition by 2010. • Here the wall of blood vessel become ( Thick , loose ) elasticity & become hard. • The rate is a high in India , US , UK & Africa. • It is a slow disease progress for 2-3 decade without any symptoms suddenly comes out in the form of high blood pressure, heart disease , hemorrhage .
- 3. PLAQUE FORMATION • Cholesterol can combine with fat, calcium, and other substances in the blood to form plaque. • Plaque then slowly builds up and hardens in the arteries, causing them to narrow. • This buildup of plaque, a condition called atherosclerosis, can lead to heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
- 4. DIAGNOSIS In the laboratory following test are perform: • Total cholesterol TG – Na+ , K+ • HDL cholesterol (ApoA1) • LDL cholesterol (ApoB) • Fasting sugar • postprandial sugar
- 5. RISK FACTORS • Diabetes Mellitus • Smoking • Lack of physical exercise • Kidney failure • Alcoholism • Obesity • Stress • Hyper Tension • High lipid diet
- 6. • HDL more than 60 mg % ( should be high ) • LDL more than 160 mg % is the major risk factor. (Should be low) • Precaution • Reduce & Dietary cholesterol • Include MUFA in the diet. • Take leafy vegetables • Regular exercise , avoid risk working (Increase HDL & decrease LDL ) • Avoid Cigarette , alcohol & sucrose • Include fibers in the diet & vitamin- E • Drugs like Aspirin