Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels. They are often caused by atherosclerosis where plaque builds up in the arteries. Plaque roughens the artery walls and attracts platelets, which can form clots and block blood flow. Risk factors for high blood pressure (hypertension) include non-modifiable factors like age, sex and genetics, as well as modifiable lifestyle factors such as high salt intake, high cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and lack of physical activity. Symptoms of cardiovascular diseases include chest pain, shortness of breath, and pain or numbness in the arms or legs. Dietary management focuses on reducing total fat, saturated fat and dietary cholesterol

1. Cardio- Vascular Diseases
Hypertension

2. • Cardiovascular diseases is a class of diseases that affect heart
and blood vessels (arties and veins).
• In most cases this occur due to progressive atherosclerosis in
the arteries.
• CHD occurs when plaques containing lipoproteins, cholesterol
tissue debris form a plaque on the interior surface of the
blood vessel.
• The plaque roughens the intima and platelets are attracted to
the roughened areas forming clots. When plague enlarge
sufficiently, to occlude the blood flow ,tissues are deprived of
oxygen and nutrients ,creating an area of infarct.

4. What is Blood pressure

5. Risk factor
Non- modifiable factors like
• Age
• Sex
• Genetic factors.
• Heart defects you're born with (congenital heart
defects).

6. Modifiable factors
• High salt intake-brings about water to be drawn into the
circulation , increasing the volume of blood to be
pumped.
• Salt also makes the arterial walls to become rigid leading
to aterosclerosis.
• High blood cholesterol-causes atherosclerosis leading to
heart attack, stroke and thrombosis.
• smoking- produces nicotine which stimulates production
of certain chemicals .

7. • Theses chemical raises pulse rate ,BP and force the heart
to contract.
• Alcohol-has a high calorie density than protein and
carbohydrates, its a source of empty calories.
• Obesity- increased mass means the person has more
blood flowing that is being pumped by the heart
throughout his body.
• Therefore, the heart must work harder to pump blood
throughout the body, which causes strain on the heart.

8. General symptoms
• Chest pain (angina)
• Shortness of breath
• Pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your
legs or arms, if the blood vessels in those parts of
your body are narrowed

9. Dietary management
• Reduce total fat intake(Saturated fats to below 7%)
and dietary cholesterol to 200mg/day.
• Reduce weight where necessary
• Avoid smoking
• Recommend physical activity