IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
- The study examined causes of death among 2521 individuals in Lucknow, India to investigate associations with air quality index (AQI).
- Leading causes of death were circulatory diseases (24.1%) including stroke and heart attack, and kidney diseases (11.2%).
- Higher AQI levels were significantly associated with increased risk of death from stroke, circulatory diseases, kidney disease, and other causes.
- After adjusting for factors like age and BMI, higher AQI levels and air pollution exposure were independent risk factors for death.
The document discusses a study on the association between modifiable risk factors of smoking and sedentary lifestyle with hypertension. Some key findings:
- The prevalence of hypertension was highest in males (58%) compared to females (42%), likely due to higher rates of smoking and sedentary lifestyle in males.
- Smoking prevalence was 30% among hypertensive patients, with the majority (51.72%) of hypertensive males reporting smoking. Heaviest smokers smoked >20 cigarettes/day for >10 years.
- Sedentary lifestyle prevalence was much higher at 88% compared to smoking. Just 2% of patients reported no risk factors.
- Recommendations focus on increasing physical
A prevalence of common risk factors of hypertension among young generation li...SriramNagarajan16
Hypertension is one of the upward health related challenge in Bangladesh and hypertension in young generation is increasing
but there is a shortage of data about the risk factors in this age group. The aim was to evaluate and approximation the
frequency of some common risk factors of hypertension among young generation living in Dhaka city. It was a crosssectional study; conducted during March 2016 to June 2016 in Dhaka city. Data were collected by face-to-face interview after
verbal informed consent by a survey questionnaire and stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale and analyzed by SPSS
version 16. The study was conducted on 150 (n=150) young adults where 76% were male and 24% were female and their
mean age was 22.13 and 23.33% of them were overweight and only 1(n=1) was obese and 44% of them took average amount
of junk food while 14% took huge amounts and 59.33% of them had family history of hypertension and 70.66% of them were
in high stress. The mentioned age range shows a good amount of predominance of hypertension probably indicating a hidden
epidemic. It is needed to improve the measures of key anticipation and early detection of hypertension among young
generation
Epidemiology of Hypertension among Adults in Al-Azhary Area in Khartoum-State...inventionjournals
Hypertension (HT) is one of the most important risk factors in cardiovascular disease which causes early death in adults. Hypertension is a common disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Hypertension a silent killer as it is symptomless and remains undiagnosed, and not controlled if diagnosed. This is a descriptive cross - sectional community based study was conducted in Al-Azhary area in Khartoum StateSudan, with aim to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to identify the possible risk factors associated with hypertension among adults. Data were collected from 303 participants (53.5% females and 46.5% males) using structured pretested questionnaire and blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension was 19.1% (95% CI 0.61-1.93).There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate OR 1.09 (95% CI 0.61-1.93, P = 0.767). The results showed there was strong association between age group and hypertension (P = 0.0001), also there was statistical association between marital status, family history and hypertension positivity P.values =(0.0001 and 0.027) respectively. There was a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension among participants with diabetes, Vascular diseases and kidneys problems OR= (5.44(95% CI 1.89- 15.69, P = 0.017), 4.4(95% CI 0.86 - 2.39, P = 0.074) and 3.56 (95% CI 0.92-13.68, P = 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: one out of every five respondents of the study had hypertensive (19.1%). Age group, marital status, family history, history of (diabetes, vascular diseases and kidneys problems)were statistically significant predictors of hypertension positivity.
Introduction: Migraine is a chronic disease evolving through recurrent attack; it constitutes a frequent reason of consultation in
neurology. It has a signifi cant impact that can affect all spheres of life. Thus, it is one of the most disabling primary headaches.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of migraine in population of Brazzaville
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prev...ijtsrd
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practices regarding COPD prevention and management among staff nurses in selected hospital of district Patiala. The global burden of disease study reports a prevalence of 251 million cases globally in 2016. Globally, it is estimated that 3.17 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 that is, 5 of all deaths globally in that year . COPD is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in our country and all over the world. Prevalence of COPD is being anticipated to increase due to continuing risk factors and aging of society. Although, COPD is a disease involving the respiratory medicine experts, its symptoms and diagnostic criteria should also be known by the primary healthcare providers considering its economic burden.The study is non experimental descriptive method and data was collected through convenient sampling technique i.e self structured questionnaire and check list. The analysis was done through ANNOVA analysis test. Practices like hand washing, proper medication, knowledge regarding medicines, oxygen therapies, diagnostic tests spirometry , pulmonary rehabilitation, infection control techniques, non invasive ventilation, inhalation techniques, and therapeutic outcomes regarding COPD prevention and management will be average among staff nurses. Lovekirat Singh | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Mrs Raman Deep Kaur "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prevention and Management among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospital of District Patiala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47623.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47623/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-regarding-copd-prevention-and-management-among-staff-nurses-in-selected-hospital-of-district-patiala/lovekirat-singh
Abstract—Prevalence of degenerative dementias and dementias associated with cerebrovascular disease is increasing with the time. Dementia is one of the most significant public health problems. Demographic data, medical history, general biochemical data and serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels was used in this study to examine the differences between dementia and normal control groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 236 individuals who were above the age of 65 years. These participants went through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), demographic characteristics, biochemical data and tHcy level. Each of the above mentioned factors was assessed. There were significant differences in the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, marital status, alcohol consumption (AC), BMI value, and triglyceride (TG) and serum tHcy levels. The logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in marital status, AC and tHcy. So it can be concluded that elevated serum tHcy, no AC and no partner are associated with the risk of dementia in elders of Southern Taiwan. It needs further researches to identify and reduce the risk of dementia.
- The study examined causes of death among 2521 individuals in Lucknow, India to investigate associations with air quality index (AQI).
- Leading causes of death were circulatory diseases (24.1%) including stroke and heart attack, and kidney diseases (11.2%).
- Higher AQI levels were significantly associated with increased risk of death from stroke, circulatory diseases, kidney disease, and other causes.
- After adjusting for factors like age and BMI, higher AQI levels and air pollution exposure were independent risk factors for death.
The document discusses a study on the association between modifiable risk factors of smoking and sedentary lifestyle with hypertension. Some key findings:
- The prevalence of hypertension was highest in males (58%) compared to females (42%), likely due to higher rates of smoking and sedentary lifestyle in males.
- Smoking prevalence was 30% among hypertensive patients, with the majority (51.72%) of hypertensive males reporting smoking. Heaviest smokers smoked >20 cigarettes/day for >10 years.
- Sedentary lifestyle prevalence was much higher at 88% compared to smoking. Just 2% of patients reported no risk factors.
- Recommendations focus on increasing physical
A prevalence of common risk factors of hypertension among young generation li...SriramNagarajan16
Hypertension is one of the upward health related challenge in Bangladesh and hypertension in young generation is increasing
but there is a shortage of data about the risk factors in this age group. The aim was to evaluate and approximation the
frequency of some common risk factors of hypertension among young generation living in Dhaka city. It was a crosssectional study; conducted during March 2016 to June 2016 in Dhaka city. Data were collected by face-to-face interview after
verbal informed consent by a survey questionnaire and stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale and analyzed by SPSS
version 16. The study was conducted on 150 (n=150) young adults where 76% were male and 24% were female and their
mean age was 22.13 and 23.33% of them were overweight and only 1(n=1) was obese and 44% of them took average amount
of junk food while 14% took huge amounts and 59.33% of them had family history of hypertension and 70.66% of them were
in high stress. The mentioned age range shows a good amount of predominance of hypertension probably indicating a hidden
epidemic. It is needed to improve the measures of key anticipation and early detection of hypertension among young
generation
Epidemiology of Hypertension among Adults in Al-Azhary Area in Khartoum-State...inventionjournals
Hypertension (HT) is one of the most important risk factors in cardiovascular disease which causes early death in adults. Hypertension is a common disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Hypertension a silent killer as it is symptomless and remains undiagnosed, and not controlled if diagnosed. This is a descriptive cross - sectional community based study was conducted in Al-Azhary area in Khartoum StateSudan, with aim to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to identify the possible risk factors associated with hypertension among adults. Data were collected from 303 participants (53.5% females and 46.5% males) using structured pretested questionnaire and blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension was 19.1% (95% CI 0.61-1.93).There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate OR 1.09 (95% CI 0.61-1.93, P = 0.767). The results showed there was strong association between age group and hypertension (P = 0.0001), also there was statistical association between marital status, family history and hypertension positivity P.values =(0.0001 and 0.027) respectively. There was a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension among participants with diabetes, Vascular diseases and kidneys problems OR= (5.44(95% CI 1.89- 15.69, P = 0.017), 4.4(95% CI 0.86 - 2.39, P = 0.074) and 3.56 (95% CI 0.92-13.68, P = 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: one out of every five respondents of the study had hypertensive (19.1%). Age group, marital status, family history, history of (diabetes, vascular diseases and kidneys problems)were statistically significant predictors of hypertension positivity.
Introduction: Migraine is a chronic disease evolving through recurrent attack; it constitutes a frequent reason of consultation in
neurology. It has a signifi cant impact that can affect all spheres of life. Thus, it is one of the most disabling primary headaches.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of migraine in population of Brazzaville
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prev...ijtsrd
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practices regarding COPD prevention and management among staff nurses in selected hospital of district Patiala. The global burden of disease study reports a prevalence of 251 million cases globally in 2016. Globally, it is estimated that 3.17 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 that is, 5 of all deaths globally in that year . COPD is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in our country and all over the world. Prevalence of COPD is being anticipated to increase due to continuing risk factors and aging of society. Although, COPD is a disease involving the respiratory medicine experts, its symptoms and diagnostic criteria should also be known by the primary healthcare providers considering its economic burden.The study is non experimental descriptive method and data was collected through convenient sampling technique i.e self structured questionnaire and check list. The analysis was done through ANNOVA analysis test. Practices like hand washing, proper medication, knowledge regarding medicines, oxygen therapies, diagnostic tests spirometry , pulmonary rehabilitation, infection control techniques, non invasive ventilation, inhalation techniques, and therapeutic outcomes regarding COPD prevention and management will be average among staff nurses. Lovekirat Singh | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Mrs Raman Deep Kaur "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prevention and Management among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospital of District Patiala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47623.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47623/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-regarding-copd-prevention-and-management-among-staff-nurses-in-selected-hospital-of-district-patiala/lovekirat-singh
Abstract—Prevalence of degenerative dementias and dementias associated with cerebrovascular disease is increasing with the time. Dementia is one of the most significant public health problems. Demographic data, medical history, general biochemical data and serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels was used in this study to examine the differences between dementia and normal control groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 236 individuals who were above the age of 65 years. These participants went through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), demographic characteristics, biochemical data and tHcy level. Each of the above mentioned factors was assessed. There were significant differences in the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, marital status, alcohol consumption (AC), BMI value, and triglyceride (TG) and serum tHcy levels. The logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in marital status, AC and tHcy. So it can be concluded that elevated serum tHcy, no AC and no partner are associated with the risk of dementia in elders of Southern Taiwan. It needs further researches to identify and reduce the risk of dementia.
Study on achievement of target LDC-C in Dyslipidimic patientspharmaindexing
This study analyzed 80 dyslipidemic patients to assess achievement of target LDL-C levels as recommended by ATP III guidelines. The majority of patients had high LDL-C levels and were receiving statin therapy. Based on risk factors, patients were categorized as CHD, high risk non-CHD, or low risk non-CHD. Only 22.5% of patients achieved their target LDL-C levels, which was unsatisfactory. More aggressive lipid management is needed to help more patients reach targets through interventions like pharmacist counseling and medication adjustments.
The document summarizes a study on the socio-demographic profile and outcomes of AIDS patients admitted to B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) in Nepal between 2003-2006. The study found that the majority of patients were males between 20-40 years old, from the Mangolian caste, and from the Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while approximately 15% expired. The number of AIDS cases at BPKIHS is increasing annually, highlighting the need for greater awareness activities and advocacy regarding available treatment facilities.
The document discusses a study on smoking patterns in tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh, finding that 61% were smokers before their TB diagnosis, with 50.8% continuing to smoke after diagnosis despite treatment. Younger age groups between 21-50 were most likely to smoke, with over 68% smoking less than 10 cigarettes per day, and the most common reason for continuing smoking was to reduce stress. The study recommends that evaluating smoking status in TB patients and encouraging smoking cessation could help improve treatment outcomes.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study found that 83.4% of admitted AIDS patients were between 20-40 years old, 89.6% were male, and 47.9% came from Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while 22.9% were discharged without improvement in their condition.
This document reviews traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It discusses how hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol are traditional risk factors. It also examines non-traditional markers like homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and various inflammatory markers that may help predict cardiovascular risk. While many non-traditional markers show promise, most are not routinely used in clinical practice and their predictive value requires further confirmation.
Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease—aArhamSheikh1
High levels of both leisure time physical activity and moderate levels of occupational physical activity are associated with a 20-30% lower risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women. The meta-analysis included 21 prospective cohort studies with over 650,000 participants followed for an average of 10 years. Both high leisure time physical activity and moderate occupational physical activity were associated with roughly a 20-30% lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke for men and women. No evidence of publication bias was found across the studies.
Introduction: Stroke is an even more dramatic major public health problem in young people. Goal of the study: Contribute to the knowledge of strokes in young people. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of 02 years (January 2017 to December 2018) including the files of patients aged 18 to 49 years hospitalized for any suspected case of stroke in the Neurology department of the University Hospital
Center of the Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUSCA) of Bangui.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for over 78,000 deaths in 1998. While mortality rates have declined, it remains unclear if incidence rates have also decreased. Women experience a 10 year delay in onset compared to men but have higher rates of hospitalization and longer hospital stays. Risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes disproportionately impact women's cardiovascular health. Vulnerable subgroups including low-income women and some ethnic minorities experience even greater rates of cardiovascular disease.
Assessment of level of cognitive impairment among stroke patientspharmaindexing
The study assessed the level of cognitive impairment in 30 stroke patients who were discharged from the hospital. It found that 21 patients (70%) had mild cognitive impairment, while 9 patients (30%) had normal cognitive ability. The study also found statistically significant associations between greater cognitive impairment and older age, male gender, and having comorbid conditions like hypertension or diabetes. The study concluded that nurses should consider factors like age, gender, and medical history when planning care and education for stroke patients.
Heart disease causes prevention and currentArhamSheikh1
This document summarizes an article from the JCCC Honors Journal that discusses heart disease, including its causes, prevention, and current research. The article provides an overview of lipids like fatty acids and cholesterol, and how dietary recommendations have historically focused on limiting saturated fats and cholesterol. However, recent studies call into question the benefits of strictly limiting these or replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exercise is shown to benefit heart health for all. Overall, the causes of heart disease are complex with interactions between diet, genetics, and environment not fully understood.
Life style factors in late onset depressionramkumar g s
this study explores lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, socialization, leisure activities and alcohol, tobacco use in geriatric depression. it is a cross-sectional comparative study of elderly with depression and age, sex and education matched healthy controls.
DRUG PROFILE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH MONITORING OF POSTLYSIS COMPLICATI...Sameer Shete
This document presents a retrospective observational study on drug profiles and post-lysis complications in patients with myocardial infarction. The study analyzed 100 patients admitted with ST elevation myocardial infarction. The most common drugs administered were streptokinase, aspirin, clopidogrel, and atorvastatin. The most frequent post-lysis complications observed were bleeding (68% of patients) and hypotension (53% of patients). The study aims to evaluate treatment efficacy and risks associated with myocardial infarction by analyzing patient drug regimens and complications.
Is cardiovascular screening the best option for reducing future cardiovascula...UKFacultyPublicHealth
Universal screening for cardiovascular disease through NHS Health Checks is less effective and equitable than population-wide policy interventions, according to a microsimulation study. The study found that universal screening would prevent around 19,000 cases and 3,000 deaths between 2016-2030, while population-wide policies could prevent 67,000 cases and 8,000 deaths. A combination of population-wide policies and targeted screening in deprived areas could prevent 82,000 cases and 9,000 deaths. The study used an individual-level modeling approach to estimate the potential impact and equity effects of different prevention strategies in England.
The Relation of Obesity and Chronic Diseases among Home Health Care Patientsijtsrd
Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity among older adults is clearly increasing. The serious public health consequences e.g., premature mortality, co morbidities such as diabetes, hospitalization, and heart failures Aim To find the relation between obesity and other chronic diseases among home health care patients. Methodology A file based comparative case control study among 200 of obese patients versus 200 non obese all under the umbrella of home health care at Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Saudi Arabia, 2019. Results Regarding DM higher prevalence among obese, P 0.004 with higher risk among obese, odds ratio 1.8 1.2 2.7 .Hyper tension also showed significant difference with higher risk of incidence among obese OR 1.55 1.02 2.35 , Although bronchial asthma showed no significant difference among both groups but higher risk OR 1.97 among obese. Hyperlipidemia also showed significant difference and higher risk among obese OR 2.02 1.83 2.2 . Conclusion Obesity among elderly leads to increased risk of diseases as DM, Hypertension, thyroid disorders, Bronchial asthma, Arthritis, liver disease and hyperlipidemia while lower risk of osteoporosis, and prostatic enlargement and some neurological disorders like depression and dementia and parkinsonism. Shaima Mohammed Mashhour | Mohamad Kamal Alsharief | Ahmed Mohammed Almodeer | Abdullah Mohamed Almodeer | Abdullah Mohamed Alqahtani | Lojain Mohamed Al Modeer | Omar Mohammad Alzahrani | Abdulmohsen Mohammed Alqahtani | Dr. Ahmed Youssef Abouelyazid "The Relation of Obesity and Chronic Diseases among Home Health Care Patients" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38188.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38188/the-relation-of-obesity-and-chronic-diseases-among-home-health-care-patients/shaima-mohammed-mashhour
A Study on Food Habits and Social Habits as Risk Factors among Patients Under...ijtsrd
AIM A study on food habits and social habits as risk factors among patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty PTCA OBJECTIVE To know the association of food habits and social habits as risk factors for PTCA. To observe various co morbidities among the patients To study the bio chemical parameters in patients such as heamoglobin, PVC, platelet count, bilirubin levels. To observe various social habits in the patient, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Food consumption pattern. METHODOLOGY The sample population n = 60 of 28 80 years of age were chosen from a multi speciality hospital in Hyderabad. All the patients were of different age groups, sex, socio economic status, ethnicity with different co morbidities. A pre tested format consisting of patients profile, subjective data, objective data, biochemical data, medications and 24 hour dietary recall followed by medical nutrition therapy during the hospital stay. RESULTS Among n=60 subjects from 28 80 years of age, the detailed study identified the common risk factors with respect to cardiovascular diseases. The study showed a higher percentage of age from 28 70 years and is mostly in males. Majority of the patients are with increased BMI and are alcholics smokers. Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes are predominant and dietary patterns recorded are mostly non vegetarians with high calorie, high fat and high protein consumption. CONCLUSION From the result it is very clear that majority of the patients studied with cardiovascular diseases belong to the age group 28 70 years and is mostly seen in males. Majority of them are accompanied with co morbidities with obesity, hypertension and diabetic. And predominantly follow a high calorie and high fat diet .Thus leading to a conclusion that consumption of high calorie and high fat food, presence of co morbidities and smoking could be the risk factors of PTCA. Mrs. Meena Kumari | Mrs. Y. V. Phani Kumari | Gwyneth Madhulika Bashapaga | Ittamala Jaya Rachel ""A Study on Food Habits and Social Habits as Risk Factors among Patients Undergoing Percatenous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23372.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23372/a-study-on-food-habits-and-social-habits-as-risk-factors-among-patients-undergoing-percatenous-transluminal-coronary-angioplasty-ptca/mrs-meena-kumari
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
James Cote has over 20 years of experience in technical sales and business leadership. He has expertise selling Oracle's Fusion Middleware solutions, with notable deals over $8 million for NYC initiatives. Cote is skilled in solution architecture, process optimization, and business intelligence strategies. His experience also includes sales roles for Open Text, Covia Technologies, and Integrated Development Enterprise.
Study on achievement of target LDC-C in Dyslipidimic patientspharmaindexing
This study analyzed 80 dyslipidemic patients to assess achievement of target LDL-C levels as recommended by ATP III guidelines. The majority of patients had high LDL-C levels and were receiving statin therapy. Based on risk factors, patients were categorized as CHD, high risk non-CHD, or low risk non-CHD. Only 22.5% of patients achieved their target LDL-C levels, which was unsatisfactory. More aggressive lipid management is needed to help more patients reach targets through interventions like pharmacist counseling and medication adjustments.
The document summarizes a study on the socio-demographic profile and outcomes of AIDS patients admitted to B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) in Nepal between 2003-2006. The study found that the majority of patients were males between 20-40 years old, from the Mangolian caste, and from the Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while approximately 15% expired. The number of AIDS cases at BPKIHS is increasing annually, highlighting the need for greater awareness activities and advocacy regarding available treatment facilities.
The document discusses a study on smoking patterns in tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh, finding that 61% were smokers before their TB diagnosis, with 50.8% continuing to smoke after diagnosis despite treatment. Younger age groups between 21-50 were most likely to smoke, with over 68% smoking less than 10 cigarettes per day, and the most common reason for continuing smoking was to reduce stress. The study recommends that evaluating smoking status in TB patients and encouraging smoking cessation could help improve treatment outcomes.
Majority of AIDS patients admitted to BPKIHS were males aged 20-40 years from the Sunsari district. The study found that 83.4% of admitted AIDS patients were between 20-40 years old, 89.6% were male, and 47.9% came from Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while 22.9% were discharged without improvement in their condition.
This document reviews traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It discusses how hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol are traditional risk factors. It also examines non-traditional markers like homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and various inflammatory markers that may help predict cardiovascular risk. While many non-traditional markers show promise, most are not routinely used in clinical practice and their predictive value requires further confirmation.
Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease—aArhamSheikh1
High levels of both leisure time physical activity and moderate levels of occupational physical activity are associated with a 20-30% lower risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women. The meta-analysis included 21 prospective cohort studies with over 650,000 participants followed for an average of 10 years. Both high leisure time physical activity and moderate occupational physical activity were associated with roughly a 20-30% lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke for men and women. No evidence of publication bias was found across the studies.
Introduction: Stroke is an even more dramatic major public health problem in young people. Goal of the study: Contribute to the knowledge of strokes in young people. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of 02 years (January 2017 to December 2018) including the files of patients aged 18 to 49 years hospitalized for any suspected case of stroke in the Neurology department of the University Hospital
Center of the Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUSCA) of Bangui.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for over 78,000 deaths in 1998. While mortality rates have declined, it remains unclear if incidence rates have also decreased. Women experience a 10 year delay in onset compared to men but have higher rates of hospitalization and longer hospital stays. Risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes disproportionately impact women's cardiovascular health. Vulnerable subgroups including low-income women and some ethnic minorities experience even greater rates of cardiovascular disease.
Assessment of level of cognitive impairment among stroke patientspharmaindexing
The study assessed the level of cognitive impairment in 30 stroke patients who were discharged from the hospital. It found that 21 patients (70%) had mild cognitive impairment, while 9 patients (30%) had normal cognitive ability. The study also found statistically significant associations between greater cognitive impairment and older age, male gender, and having comorbid conditions like hypertension or diabetes. The study concluded that nurses should consider factors like age, gender, and medical history when planning care and education for stroke patients.
Heart disease causes prevention and currentArhamSheikh1
This document summarizes an article from the JCCC Honors Journal that discusses heart disease, including its causes, prevention, and current research. The article provides an overview of lipids like fatty acids and cholesterol, and how dietary recommendations have historically focused on limiting saturated fats and cholesterol. However, recent studies call into question the benefits of strictly limiting these or replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exercise is shown to benefit heart health for all. Overall, the causes of heart disease are complex with interactions between diet, genetics, and environment not fully understood.
Life style factors in late onset depressionramkumar g s
this study explores lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, socialization, leisure activities and alcohol, tobacco use in geriatric depression. it is a cross-sectional comparative study of elderly with depression and age, sex and education matched healthy controls.
DRUG PROFILE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH MONITORING OF POSTLYSIS COMPLICATI...Sameer Shete
This document presents a retrospective observational study on drug profiles and post-lysis complications in patients with myocardial infarction. The study analyzed 100 patients admitted with ST elevation myocardial infarction. The most common drugs administered were streptokinase, aspirin, clopidogrel, and atorvastatin. The most frequent post-lysis complications observed were bleeding (68% of patients) and hypotension (53% of patients). The study aims to evaluate treatment efficacy and risks associated with myocardial infarction by analyzing patient drug regimens and complications.
Is cardiovascular screening the best option for reducing future cardiovascula...UKFacultyPublicHealth
Universal screening for cardiovascular disease through NHS Health Checks is less effective and equitable than population-wide policy interventions, according to a microsimulation study. The study found that universal screening would prevent around 19,000 cases and 3,000 deaths between 2016-2030, while population-wide policies could prevent 67,000 cases and 8,000 deaths. A combination of population-wide policies and targeted screening in deprived areas could prevent 82,000 cases and 9,000 deaths. The study used an individual-level modeling approach to estimate the potential impact and equity effects of different prevention strategies in England.
The Relation of Obesity and Chronic Diseases among Home Health Care Patientsijtsrd
Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity among older adults is clearly increasing. The serious public health consequences e.g., premature mortality, co morbidities such as diabetes, hospitalization, and heart failures Aim To find the relation between obesity and other chronic diseases among home health care patients. Methodology A file based comparative case control study among 200 of obese patients versus 200 non obese all under the umbrella of home health care at Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Saudi Arabia, 2019. Results Regarding DM higher prevalence among obese, P 0.004 with higher risk among obese, odds ratio 1.8 1.2 2.7 .Hyper tension also showed significant difference with higher risk of incidence among obese OR 1.55 1.02 2.35 , Although bronchial asthma showed no significant difference among both groups but higher risk OR 1.97 among obese. Hyperlipidemia also showed significant difference and higher risk among obese OR 2.02 1.83 2.2 . Conclusion Obesity among elderly leads to increased risk of diseases as DM, Hypertension, thyroid disorders, Bronchial asthma, Arthritis, liver disease and hyperlipidemia while lower risk of osteoporosis, and prostatic enlargement and some neurological disorders like depression and dementia and parkinsonism. Shaima Mohammed Mashhour | Mohamad Kamal Alsharief | Ahmed Mohammed Almodeer | Abdullah Mohamed Almodeer | Abdullah Mohamed Alqahtani | Lojain Mohamed Al Modeer | Omar Mohammad Alzahrani | Abdulmohsen Mohammed Alqahtani | Dr. Ahmed Youssef Abouelyazid "The Relation of Obesity and Chronic Diseases among Home Health Care Patients" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38188.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38188/the-relation-of-obesity-and-chronic-diseases-among-home-health-care-patients/shaima-mohammed-mashhour
A Study on Food Habits and Social Habits as Risk Factors among Patients Under...ijtsrd
AIM A study on food habits and social habits as risk factors among patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty PTCA OBJECTIVE To know the association of food habits and social habits as risk factors for PTCA. To observe various co morbidities among the patients To study the bio chemical parameters in patients such as heamoglobin, PVC, platelet count, bilirubin levels. To observe various social habits in the patient, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Food consumption pattern. METHODOLOGY The sample population n = 60 of 28 80 years of age were chosen from a multi speciality hospital in Hyderabad. All the patients were of different age groups, sex, socio economic status, ethnicity with different co morbidities. A pre tested format consisting of patients profile, subjective data, objective data, biochemical data, medications and 24 hour dietary recall followed by medical nutrition therapy during the hospital stay. RESULTS Among n=60 subjects from 28 80 years of age, the detailed study identified the common risk factors with respect to cardiovascular diseases. The study showed a higher percentage of age from 28 70 years and is mostly in males. Majority of the patients are with increased BMI and are alcholics smokers. Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes are predominant and dietary patterns recorded are mostly non vegetarians with high calorie, high fat and high protein consumption. CONCLUSION From the result it is very clear that majority of the patients studied with cardiovascular diseases belong to the age group 28 70 years and is mostly seen in males. Majority of them are accompanied with co morbidities with obesity, hypertension and diabetic. And predominantly follow a high calorie and high fat diet .Thus leading to a conclusion that consumption of high calorie and high fat food, presence of co morbidities and smoking could be the risk factors of PTCA. Mrs. Meena Kumari | Mrs. Y. V. Phani Kumari | Gwyneth Madhulika Bashapaga | Ittamala Jaya Rachel ""A Study on Food Habits and Social Habits as Risk Factors among Patients Undergoing Percatenous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23372.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23372/a-study-on-food-habits-and-social-habits-as-risk-factors-among-patients-undergoing-percatenous-transluminal-coronary-angioplasty-ptca/mrs-meena-kumari
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
James Cote has over 20 years of experience in technical sales and business leadership. He has expertise selling Oracle's Fusion Middleware solutions, with notable deals over $8 million for NYC initiatives. Cote is skilled in solution architecture, process optimization, and business intelligence strategies. His experience also includes sales roles for Open Text, Covia Technologies, and Integrated Development Enterprise.
The Effectiveness of an Integrated Entrepreneurship Module on Overcoming Entr...iosrjce
The result of study shows that 15 courses institution need a practical, applicative, and understandable
module. It is attempted to provide students with sufficient information to overcome entrepreneurship problems
covering business traits, business management, and business plan. This study was employed design based
research approach through these subsequent phases (1) problems identification, (2) conducting draft module, (3)
testing the module on the 26 students, (4) evaluating the results of try-out, and (5) performing final socialization.
The effectiveness of module is measured by employing percentage analysis of students’ degree of effectiveness on
overcoming entrepreneurship problems in which the criteria of module effectiveness is 0—25 (less effective),
26—50 (quite effective), 51—75 (effective), and 76—100 (very effective). Module revision was done after data
analyzing on the results of the try-out and discussion of course’s students. Single module was conducted and it
contained the material of business traits, business management, and business plan. The results of this study show
that the module is effective as 78% of the course’s students were able to overcome problem after they learned on
entrepreneurship module. The module contributes on students’ confidence in starting-up a business and
encourages them to practice and implement what they have learned by dealing with entrepreneurship, triggering
the high sense of creativity in developing skills, building a firm cooperation among students, burgeoningthe
enjoyment of learning, helping to build effective time of learning and ability on overcoming problems.
Effect of estradiol -17 β on arachidonic acid metabolism in sheep uterus: in ...iosrjce
The effect of estradiol-17 β on Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in non-pregnant sheep uterus was
studied under in vitro conditions. On incubation of uterine slices with estradiol-17β, the levels of prostaglandins
were altered but not Lipoxygenase (LOX) products. Based on their analysis on conventional TLC technique, the
Cyclooxygenase (COX) products PGF2α, 6-keto PGF1α and PGE2 were shown to be altered over an incubation
period of 0 to 120 minutes. The LOX products, HPETEs and HETEs did not show any change upon incubation
with estradiol-17β. This study gives a preliminary understanding of role of estradiol on AA metabolism.
Este documento presenta una comparación entre las tecnologías digitales actuales y anteriores en diversos ámbitos sociales como comunicación, compras, publicidad, encuestas, bolsa de trabajo, navegación, cines y programas web 2.0. Describe cómo antes se realizaban estas actividades de forma presencial, por correo o llamada, mientras que ahora se pueden hacer de manera virtual a través de internet, redes sociales y aplicaciones.
De la neurodiversidad a la neurodidáctica. prof. aldo ocampo gonzález hipocampus0727
Este documento discute la importancia de la neurociencia y las inteligencias múltiples para comprender el cerebro y mejorar la enseñanza. Explica que el cerebro procesa información de manera holística e integrada a través de dominios y módulos. También analiza las funciones ejecutivas y su relación con el aprendizaje. Finalmente, argumenta que la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples permite diseñar estrategias pedagógicas acordes a la neurodiversidad de los estudiantes.
Ashish Lakhade is a data warehousing ETL tester with over 5 years of experience testing technologies like Informatica, Ab Initio, and SQL. He has worked on projects in the telecom and banking domains for clients such as BT UK and UBS. Currently working as a test analyst at Infosys, his responsibilities include requirement gathering, test planning, script development, execution, and defect tracking. He aims to build his career with opportunities for learning and advancement.
لحياة السياسية واهم مظاهر الحضارة فى بلاد الشام منذ قيام الخلافة العباسية وحت...Khanzad Barzinjy
الحياة السياسية واهم مظاهر الحضارة في بلاد الشام منذ قيام الدولة العباسية وحتى الفتح الفاطمي
أمينة محمد علي بيطار
(أطروحة دكتوراه مقدمة الى جامعة القاهرة1975)
The document discusses 3D printing and crafting. It provides tips for the 3D modeling design process including using reference images, measurements, and light math. Design considerations like orientation, slicing while modeling, holes for parts, multi-colors, and moving parts are addressed. Post-processing tips like gluing, painting, and sanding 3D prints are also mentioned. Simple designs tend to be best sellers. Crafting with 3D printing allows for upcycling of materials and adding elements to prints.
The role of genetic factors in Hypertension among Iraqi citizensAI Publications
This document summarizes a study examining the role of genetic factors in hypertension among Iraqi citizens. The study included 140 patients divided into a case group of 120 hypertensive patients and a control group of 30 normotensive patients. Data on demographics, family history, blood pressure, and other medical variables were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis found a significant relationship between genetic factors and hypertension, with a p-value of 0.001. Patients with a positive family history of hypertension in a first-degree relative had 3.98 times higher odds of having hypertension themselves. The study concluded that genetics play an important role in hypertension risk among Iraqi citizens.
This study analyzed epidemiological data on hypertension collected from 53 patients at a tertiary hospital in India. The results showed that hypertension was more prevalent in males than females, and most common in the 40-60 year old age group. Risk factors like urban living, lower education, higher BMI, smoking, drinking, sedentary lifestyle and comorbid conditions were associated with higher rates of hypertension. The most commonly prescribed medication for hypertension was a combination of atenolol and amlodipine.
This study analyzed epidemiological data on hypertension collected from 53 patients at a tertiary hospital in India. The results showed that hypertension was more prevalent in males than females, and most common in the 40-60 year old age group. Risk factors like urban living, lower education, higher BMI, smoking, drinking, sedentary lifestyle and comorbid conditions were associated with higher rates of hypertension. The most commonly prescribed medication for hypertension was a combination of atenolol and amlodipine.
Epidemiological study of diabetes mellitus dm among different ethnic segments...pharmaindexing
This study conducted an epidemiological survey of diabetes mellitus among different ethnic groups in Pakistan. The survey found:
1) The prevalence of diabetes in adults over 25 was 0.74 with a relative risk of 1.49, while prevalence in geriatrics was lower at 0.22.
2) Type 2 diabetes had a prevalence of 0.72 while type 1 was lower at 0.21.
3) The ethnic group with the highest prevalence was Sindhi of Urdu speaking origin at 28%, followed by Punjabi at 27% and Sindhi of Sindhi speakers at 20%.
This study assessed behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents in Chitwan District, Nepal. The researchers surveyed 1650 adolescents aged 15-19 years using questionnaires about substance use, dietary habits, and physical activity. They found high levels of behavioral risk factors. Specifically, about 50% of males and 30% of females reported using substances like tobacco, alcohol, or drugs. Only 14% of respondents reported satisfactory levels of physical activity. Additionally, a high percentage of adolescents consumed too much salt and fat in their diets. The high prevalence of behavioral risk factors suggests the need for awareness programs to educate adolescents on healthy behaviors.
IDENTIFICATION OF SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES RESPONSIBLE FOR HYPERTENSIVE KIDNEY...hiij
The study was conducted to identify some socioeconomic variables responsible for the prevalence of
hypertensive kidney disease among Bangladeshi adults of 18 years and above. For this, 498 males and 497
females, totalling 995 adults of both urban and rural localities were investigated. In the sample there were
17.6% hypertensive adults and 18.9% of them were suffering from hypertension and kidney disease
simultaneously. Beside other percentages of respondents, there were 19.6% elderly people of ages 50 years
and above, 30.2% obese adults, 67.0% diabetic patients, 44.4% involved in sedentary activity and 33.1%
smokers. The overall percentage of hypertensive kidney patients was 3.3. These group of patients were
discriminated from the remaining 96.7% adults. During discrimination duration of diabetes was identified
as most responsible variable followed by age, body mass index, sedentary activity, smoking habit, etc. The
risk of prevalence of hypertensive kidney disease was 12.25 times in diabetic patients suffering for 15 years
and above compared to the risk of prevalence in other adults. The risk was 8.43 times in elderly people,
16.80 times in obese adults, 2.50 times in adults involved in sedentary activity, and 1.91 times in smoker
adults. Higher risk rate was also observed in adults of lower economic group of families.
IDENTIFICATION OF SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES RESPONSIBLE FOR HYPERTENSIVE KIDNEY...hiij
The study was conducted to identify some socioeconomic variables responsible for the prevalence of
hypertensive kidney disease among Bangladeshi adults of 18 years and above. For this, 498 males and 497
females, totalling 995 adults of both urban and rural localities were investigated. In the sample there were
17.6% hypertensive adults and 18.9% of them were suffering from hypertension and kidney disease
simultaneously. Beside other percentages of respondents, there were 19.6% elderly people of ages 50 years
and above, 30.2% obese adults, 67.0% diabetic patients, 44.4% involved in sedentary activity and 33.1%
smokers. The overall percentage of hypertensive kidney patients was 3.3. These group of patients were
discriminated from the remaining 96.7% adults. During discrimination duration of diabetes was identified
as most responsible variable followed by age, body mass index, sedentary activity, smoking habit, etc. The
risk of prevalence of hypertensive kidney disease was 12.25 times in diabetic patients suffering for 15 years
and above compared to the risk of prevalence in other adults. The risk was 8.43 times in elderly people,
16.80 times in obese adults, 2.50 times in adults involved in sedentary activity, and 1.91 times in smoker
adults. Higher risk rate was also observed in adults of lower economic group of families.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Article Type: Editorial
Title: Challenges Met by Healthcare Professionals (Nurses) at the time of Covid-19 Pandemic
Year: 2021; Volume: 1; Issue: 2; Page No: 3 – 4
Author: Sumathi Senthilvel
DOI: 10.55349/ijmsnr.20211234
Affiliation: Associate Editor, IJMSNR, Formerly Assistant Professor in Nursing, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Amrita College of Nursing. Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala. Email ID: AssociateEditor@ijmsnr.com
Article Summary: Submitted : 26-October-2021
Revised : 10-November-2021
Accepted : 02-December-2021
Published : 31-December-2021
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy is a non-communicable disease and metabolic disorder. It is a public health problem in Worldwide. In this paper, finding influencing factors and how much probability to development of DR among known T2DM patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional and observational study among T2DM patients, with and without DR in the diabetes clinic with sample of 150 patients. Statistical analysis used chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify correlates of DR after controlling of confounders.
Results: In this present study, among 150 patients, 39 (26%) patients had DR. Smoking habit was strongly associated with development of DR (AOR=15.39, p=0.002), patients had history of hypertension was associated with DR (AOR=1.10, p=0.016), medication, in that insulin users were strongly associated with DR (AOR=5.72, p=0.002), duration of diabetes mellitus with >10 years was associated with DR (AOR=1.18, p=0.001), total cholesterol with abnormal was 5-fold more increase in risk with the development of DR (AOR=5.86, p=0.065) but not significant, high hba1c with >6.5% was associated with the progression of DR (AOR=1.34, p=0.035), and fasting blood sugar with abnormal was associated with the progression of DR (AOR=1.01, p=0.027) except age but, showed positive association with DR. Probability of developing DR in a T2DM patient was 98%.
Conclusion: From this study, we revealed that influencing variables were hba1c, smoking habit, intake of tablet/insulin, duration of DM, history of hypertension and fasting blood sugar. The chance/probability of developing retinopathy was very high among known diabetes patients those who had longer duration of DM. Hence, we have recommended a periodic eye screening is mandatory in T2DM patients.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, influencing factors, probability, multivariate analysis
Hypertension prediction using machine learning algorithm among Indonesian adultsIAESIJAI
Early risk prediction and appropriate treatment are believed to be able to
delay the occurrence of hypertension and attendant conditions. Many
hypertension prediction models have been developed across the world, but
they cannot be generalized directly to all populations, including for
Indonesian population. This study aimed to develop and validate a
hypertension risk-prediction model using machine learning (ML). The
modifiable risk factors are used as the predictor, while the target variable on
the algorithm is hypertension status. This study compared several machine-learning algorithms such as decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting,
and logistic regression to develop a hypertension prediction model. Several
parameters, including the area under the receiver operator characteristic area
under the curve (AUC), classification accuracy (CA), F1 score, precision,
and recall were used to evaluate the models. Most of the predictors used in
this study were significantly correlated with hypertension. Logistic
regression algorithm showed better parameter values, with AUC 0.829, CA
89.6%, recall 0.896, precision 0.878, and F1 score 0.877. ML offers the
ability to develop a quick prediction model for hypertension screening using
non-invasive factors. From this study, we estimate that 89.6% of people with
elevated blood pressure obtained on home blood pressure measurement will
show clinical hypertension.
The Use of Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression to Predict the I...Crimsonpublisherscojnh
The Use of Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression to Predict the Influence of Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Jahandideh S*, Jahandideh M, Asefzadeh S and Ziaee A in COJ Nursing & Healthcare
There was a time when Man was the son of nature, interacting and part of the whole process of life. Then, as his fate, man progressed, invented, produced, flourished and finally prevailed on earth. He created artificial systems in which he lived, and at times seemed so close to being protected and safe from any natural phenomenal impact. Then he realized that his own creation, byproducts, beside his aggression against his own kind were being his enemy. In recent years, disasters increased in frequency, where grade 4 or more, hurricanes attacked the southern parts of the USA, as well in Asia. Large ice bergs cracked in Greenland, North and South poles, dissolving in the sea. There is an increase or rise of the Sea level, although it is few cms a year but it became a reality
https://crimsonpublishers.com/eaes/fulltext/EAES.000501.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
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You will write the literature review for your research proposal th.docxrosemarybdodson23141
This document provides instructions for writing a literature review for a research proposal. It states that the literature review should summarize and synthesize the key findings from 8 research articles on the topic. The review should combine results from both qualitative and quantitative studies, rather than summarizing each article separately. It must include the 4 articles from previous weeks, as well as additional relevant sources. An example is provided.
A Comparative Study to Assess Risk of Fall among Diabetic and Non Diabetic El...ijtsrd
Background of study Diabetes mellitus is common among elderly persons, with several potential complications that could contribute to falls. Previous studies suggested that there is more prevalence of fall among diabetic elderly patients as compared to non diabetic elderly.Aim of the studyThe aim of this study is to assess the risk of fall in elderly diabetic and non diabetic patients.Material and methods A quantitative research approach and non experimental comparative research design was used. Total 60 elderly were selected 30 diabetic elderly and 30 non diabetic elderly by non probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by using Timed Up and Go test to assess the risk of fall in non diabetic and diabetic elderly patients. Analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsIn non diabetic group 46.66 elderly were having medium risk of fall, 33.33 were independent individuals and only 20 were having high risk of fall. Where as in diabetic patients majority 70 were having high risk of fall, 20 medium risk of fall and only 10 patients observed as independent individuals. The mean time taken to complete Timed up and go TUG test among diabetic elderly was more i.e. 23.36 sec. as compared to non diabetic elderly 14.13 and the difference was found to be statistically significant at p 0.05.ConclusionThe risk of fall is significantly increased among diabetic patients as compared to non diabetic elderly patients. In order to reduce falls and their consequences, assessment of fall risk will be beneficial for identifying the high risk population, which will help nurses provide tailored advice and interventions for the high risk population. Harpreet Kaur "A Comparative Study to Assess Risk of Fall among Diabetic and Non Diabetic Elderly Patients in Selected Hospital of District Hoshiarpur, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63451.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/63451/a-comparative-study-to-assess-risk-of-fall-among-diabetic-and-non-diabetic-elderly-patients-in-selected-hospital-of-district-hoshiarpur-punjab/harpreet-kaur
This study assessed self-care practices and associated factors among 392 hypertensive patients in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. The self-care practice was found to be 54.1%. Urban residency, social support, good knowledge, age 40-64 years or ≥65 years, and stress control were positively associated with better self-care. The study concluded that about half of patients had good self-care practices and identified factors that can help improve hypertension management.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
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Association of Hypertension with Behavioural Risk Factors in Adults in a Rural Area of Jharkhand
1. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 12 Ver. VI (Dec. 2015), PP 73-77
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141267377 www.iosrjournals.org 73 | Page
Association of Hypertension with Behavioural Risk Factors in
Adults in a Rural Area of Jharkhand
Chandramani Kumar1
, Mithilesh Kumar2
, Kumari Asha Kiran2
, Vidya Sagar3,
Vivek Kashyap4
1
Senior Resident, Department of C&FM, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, 2
Assistant Professor, 3
Associate Professor,
4
Professor, Department of PSM, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: India witnessing an increasing trend in the number of people suffering from hypertension.
Behavioural risk factors for hypertension are widely prevalent in all societies in our country. This study was
done to describe the association between selected behavioural risk factors and hypertension in a rural
community in Jharkhand. A descriptive cross sectional study in rural field practice area of RIMS was
conducted. Total 500 people were interviewed from the area. Subjects 20 years and above were taken for study
from both sex. Pre-tested semi structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Template was generated
in MS excel and data analysis was done using SPSS software. Prevalence of hypertension and pre hypertension
found to be 19.8% and 27.6% respectively. Among tobacco users 24.4% of the subjects were found to be
hypertensive as compared to 16.0% among non-users (p value-0.018). Higher prevalence of hypertension was
noted among subjects with mild physical activity than those with moderate to severe activity but this association
was not significant (p value-0.107). Hypertension was significantly associated with tobacco consumption and
sleep duration but not with physical activity and alcohol consumption of the subjects.
Key words: Hypertension. Risk factor, Rural area, Adults.
I. Introduction:
In the present era of urbanization and technology, non-communicable diseases silently and rapidly
increasing all over the world and posing a substantial threat to mankind. Hypertension being one of them is an
important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Prevalence of hypertension is relentlessly on the rise not only
across the globe butin India too. Hypertension is a controllable disease and it has been reported that targeted
reductions in people with hypertension are expected to produce large reductions in the burden of cardiovascular
disease.1
The increasing prevalence of hypertension is attributable to rapid transition of life style practices in
developing countries including India, as well as increased elderly population due to an increase in life
expectancy.2
Globally, the overall prevalence of hypertension or raised blood pressure in adults aged 25 and
above was around 40% in 2008.3
As per World Health Statistics 2012, prevalence of raised blood pressure
among adults aged 25 years and more in India is 23.1% and 22.6% for males and females respectively.4
A recent
meta-analysis has shown prevalence of hypertension as 40.8% and 17.9% in urban and rural population of
India.5
Over the years, risk factors has been established for hypertension; both modifiable and non-modifiable.
Obesity, high salt consumption, alcohol intake, high body mass index, physical activity, stress are some
important modifiable risk factors.6
Use of tobacco and its relation with hypertension is not very consistent.
Nicotine and carbon monoxide, two products of tobacco combustion, are both potent vasoconstrictors and a risk
factor for stroke and heart disease.7
Overwhelming evidence supports the conclusion that cigarette smoking
causes various adverse cardiovascular events and acts synergistically with hypertension and dyslipidemia to
increase the risk of coronary heart disease.8-10
Smokeless tobacco use should be considered a potential cause of
sodium retention and poor blood pressure control because of its nicotine, sodium, and licorice content.11
Alcohol
intake is an important risk factor for hypertension. Alcohol usage is a more frequent contributor to hypertension
than is generally appreciated. It appears to be transitory in most patients, but is not benign. Because of its
transitory nature, alcohol associated hypertension may go unrecognised, or may be dismissed as inconsequential
and hence a potential cause of cardiovascular morbidity may go untreated.12
Stress is among the psychological
variables that have long been listed among the potential and important risk factors of hypertension and coronary
heart disease.13,14
Acute stressful events have no consistent association with hypertension. Chronic stress on the
other hand, particularly the non-adaptive response to stress, have been reported as more likely the cause of
sustained elevation of blood pressure.15
Detailed information about association between sleep and hypertension
is not available. However, some data shows possible association and further evaluation on this aspect required.16
Present study was done to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its association with
sociodemographic and behavioural correlates in a rural area of Jharkhand. Some part of this research work has
been published earlier.17,18
2. Association of Hypertension with Behavioural Risk Factors in Adults in a Rural Area of Jharkhand
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141267377 www.iosrjournals.org 74 | Page
II. Materials and methods:
A community based cross sectional study was conducted in the rural health training centre area of
Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi from January 2013 to September 2014. Sample size was
calculated by n-Master software 2.0 developed at CMC, Vellore, India. Cluster sampling was done in the
present study. Based on literature search; assuming expected prevalence of hypertension as 20%, absolute
precision of 5%, design effect 2 and 95% confidence interval, a sample size of 492 was calculated. Methods of
subject selection and eligibility criteria has been discussed in detail in previous articles. 17,18
A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were collected about
tobacco use, alcohol use, stress and physical activity from each subject.A person was considered hypertensive if
he/she has a systolic BP of ≥140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg measured on two separate
occasions with a minimum interval of at least 5 minutes between the two measurements OR a self reported
history of taking anti-hypertensive medications.19
Blood pressure was measured in sitting position by mercury
sphygmomanometer. Average of two measurements was taken for study. Questions for tobacco use, alcohol use
and physical activity were based on WHO STEPS questionnaire. Questions for assessment of stress were based
on questionnaire of INTERHEART study.Study was approved by Institutional ethical committee of RIMS,
Ranchi.Statistical analysis: Data entry was done in MS excel spreadsheet. Data analysis was done using SPSS
software and MS excel. Chi square test was applied to see the association between categorical variables.
III. Results:
There were 263 (52.6%) male and 237 (47.4%) female subjects in the study. Minimum age of subjects
was 20 years where as maximum age was 90 years. Maximum numbers of subjects were in age group 40-49
years (125; 25.0%). Mean age of study subjects was 44.12 years (SD-13.64 years). Among 500 subjects, 221
(44.2%) were illiterate. 90.0% of the study subjects were from class IV and class V.(Table - 1)
Table 1: Selected socio-demographic profile of study subjects (n=500).
Variables Frequency Percentage
Gender Male 263 52.6
Female 237 47.4
Age (in years) 20-29 90 18.0
30-39 109 21.8
40-49 125 25.0
50-59 92 18.4
60 and above 84 16.8
Education Illiterate 221 44.2
Less than 10th std 170 34.0
10th std or above 109 21.8
Socio-economic status* Class I 2 0.4
Class II 17 3.4
Class III 31 6.2
Class IV 206 41.2
Class V 244 48.8
*As per modified Prasad’s classification for May 201420
Out of 500 subjects, 263 (52.6%) had normal blood pressure reading. 138 (27.6%) subjects were pre-
hypertensive. There were 83 (16.6%) subjects in stage I and 16 (3.2%) in stage II hypertension. Hence, total 99
(19.8%) subjects were hypertensive. (Table - 2)
Table 2: Status of blood pressure of subjects under study (n = 500)
Blood pressure status Number Percentage
Normal 263 52.6
Pre Hypertension 138 27.6
Hypertension Stage I 83 16.6
Stage II 16 3.2
Total 500 100.0
Mean SBP- 122.83, SD – 15.83, Mean DBP – 79.24, SD - 8.73
Present study revealed that 45.0% subjects were using tobacco in one or other form. Mean systolic as
well as diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher among tobacco users. Prevalence of hypertension was
significantly higher (p-value = 0.018) among tobacco users than to non users. Higher prevalence of hypertension
was noted among alcoholic subjects (22.7%) than non-alcoholic subjects (18.2%). However, this difference was
statistically not significant (p-value = 0.228). Less than 10% (37) subjects had stress in their life. Out of 37
subjects with stress, 11 (29.7%) had hypertension whereas only 88 (19.0%) of remaining 463 subjects had
hypertension. This difference was also statistically not significant (0.115). Duration of sleep was significantly
associated with hypertension (p-value ˂ 0.001). Higher prevalence of hypertension was found among subjects
3. Association of Hypertension with Behavioural Risk Factors in Adults in a Rural Area of Jharkhand
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141267377 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page
who had sleep duration less than six hours (39.6%) than to subjects who had sleep duration 6 – 8 hours (15.1%).
Prevalence of hypertension was lower among subjects engaged in vigorous physical activity (12.0%) than those
who were engaged in moderate (16.7%) or mild (23.5%) physical activity.However, this difference was also
statistically not significant (p-value = 0.147). (Table - 3)
Table 3: Association between selected behavioural risk factors and hypertension (n = 500)
Variables
Blood pressure status Chi square test results
No hypertension Hypertension
Tobacco use by
subjects
Tobacco use present
(225)
170 (75.6%) 55 (24.4%)
ᵡ2
= 5.557,
df = 1,
p-value = 0.018Never used (275)
231 (84.0%) 44 (16.0%)
Alcohol intake Present (181) 140 (77.3%) 41 (22.7%) ᵡ2
= 1.453,
df = 1,
p-value = 0.228
Absent (319)
261 (81.8%) 58 (18.2%)
Stress Stress present (37) 26 (70.3%) 11 (29.7%) ᵡ2
= 2.481,
df = 1,
p-value = 0.115
No stress (463) 375 (81.0%) 88 (19.0%)
Sleep duration Less than 6 hours (96) 58 (60.4%) 38 (39.6%) ᵡ2
= 29.283,
df = 1,
p-value < 0.001
6–8 hours (404)
343 (84.9%) 61 (15.1%)
Physical activity Mild (247) 189 (76.5%) 58 (23.5%) ᵡ2
= 4.476,
df = 2,
p-value = 0.107
Moderate (228) 190 (87.3%) 38 (16.7%)
Vigorous (25)
22 (88.0%) 3 (12.0%)
Duration of
physical
activity*
˂ 30 minutes (27) 20 (74.1%) 7 (25.9%) ᵡ2
= 2.103,
df = 1,
p-value = 0.147
≥ 30 minutes (473)
192 (85.0%) 34 (15.0%)
*Moderate to vigorous activity
IV. Discussion:
Tobacco use in one or more forms is common in India especially in rural areas. In the present study,
significantly higher prevalence of hypertension was observed among tobacco users than to non users. Significant
association between tobacco use and hypertension was also found in study done by Kannan L and
Sathyamoorthy TS21
, Sagare SM et al22
and Gupta R et al23
. Association of smokeless tobacco use with increased
prevalence of hypertension has been also described in many studies done in Indian24-26
and western
population27,28
. However, the Haryana (Chandigarh) Rural study29
and a study done by Bansal SK et al30
in a
north Indian population did not found significant association between smoking and hypertension.
Present study revealed higher prevalence of hypertension among alcohol users than non users. Findings
of present study also show higher prevalence of hypertension among more frequent drinkers and heavy drinkers.
However, these findings were not statistically significant. This finding was similar to a study done by Shantirani
CS et al31
in a south Indian population where no significant association between alcohol intake and hypertension
was found. Another study done by Kokiwar PR et al32
in a rural area of central India shown no significant
association between alcohol and hypertension.
Overall stress among study subjects was measured on basis of stress at home condition and at work
place. Study results shows around 7% study subjects had stress. Present study has shown higher prevalence of
hypertension among subjects suffering from stress. However, this association was not found to be statistically
significant. Study done by Bansal SK et al30
had shown significant association between stress and hypertension
among male. Kannan L and Sathyamoorthy TS21
had also reported environmental stress as a significant risk
factor for hypertension. Not many literatures from Indian population are available in this context. Sleep duration
for each subject was also assessed in the present study. It was found that prevalence of hypertension was
significantly higher among subjects whose sleep duration was less than 6 hours than those who sleeps for 6 – 8
hours daily. There is dearth of information available on the duration of sleep and its relationship to hypertension
in India. Vozoris NT33
in his study in United States have observed possible relationship between sleep apnea
coupled with short time sleep and hypertension. Satho H et al34
demonstrated that both long and short
habitual sleep duration were significantly associated with high blood pressure values
and hypertension occurrence in Japanese male subjects. Zuo D et al35
concluded that short sleep and presence
of sleep apnea appear to independently link to hypertension.
Physical activity is one of the important determinants of hypertension. Observational and experimental
studies have revealed the role of physical activity and its association with high blood pressure.36
Present study
has found the higher prevalence among subjects doing mild physical activity than those with moderate to
vigorous physical activity. Difference in mean systolic blood pressure among subjects based on their physical
4. Association of Hypertension with Behavioural Risk Factors in Adults in a Rural Area of Jharkhand
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141267377 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page
activity was found to be statistically significant in the present study. Higher prevalence of hypertension was also
observed among subjects with lesser duration of physical activity (< 30 minute daily) although not significant.
Increased risk of hypertension among subjects with mild physical activity was found in a study by Yadav S et
al37
in 2008. However, their study also did not found it as a risk factor for hypertension on multivariate analysis.
Similar results have been shown in different ethnic and Indian population.38-41
On the other hand, significant
association between physical activity and hypertension has been demonstrated in many other Indian studies.42-44
V. Conclusion:
Nearly one-fifth of the subjects were found to be hypertensive in the present study. Tobacco use and
sleep duration were found to be significantly associated with hypertension in the present study. Higher
prevalence of hypertension was noted among subjects who were taking alcohol, had stress and sedentary
lifestyle but, these associations were not significant.
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