AIM A study on food habits and social habits as risk factors among patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty PTCA OBJECTIVE To know the association of food habits and social habits as risk factors for PTCA. To observe various co morbidities among the patients To study the bio chemical parameters in patients such as heamoglobin, PVC, platelet count, bilirubin levels. To observe various social habits in the patient, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Food consumption pattern. METHODOLOGY The sample population n = 60 of 28 80 years of age were chosen from a multi speciality hospital in Hyderabad. All the patients were of different age groups, sex, socio economic status, ethnicity with different co morbidities. A pre tested format consisting of patients profile, subjective data, objective data, biochemical data, medications and 24 hour dietary recall followed by medical nutrition therapy during the hospital stay. RESULTS Among n=60 subjects from 28 80 years of age, the detailed study identified the common risk factors with respect to cardiovascular diseases. The study showed a higher percentage of age from 28 70 years and is mostly in males. Majority of the patients are with increased BMI and are alcholics smokers. Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes are predominant and dietary patterns recorded are mostly non vegetarians with high calorie, high fat and high protein consumption. CONCLUSION From the result it is very clear that majority of the patients studied with cardiovascular diseases belong to the age group 28 70 years and is mostly seen in males. Majority of them are accompanied with co morbidities with obesity, hypertension and diabetic. And predominantly follow a high calorie and high fat diet .Thus leading to a conclusion that consumption of high calorie and high fat food, presence of co morbidities and smoking could be the risk factors of PTCA. Mrs. Meena Kumari | Mrs. Y. V. Phani Kumari | Gwyneth Madhulika Bashapaga | Ittamala Jaya Rachel ""A Study on Food Habits and Social Habits as Risk Factors among Patients Undergoing Percatenous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23372.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23372/a-study-on-food-habits-and-social-habits-as-risk-factors-among-patients-undergoing-percatenous-transluminal-coronary-angioplasty-ptca/mrs-meena-kumari
A Study of the Prevalence of Cardio-Vascular Diseases and Its Risk Factors (B...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Cardiovascular diseases are now the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for over 17 million deaths in 2016. The epidemiological transition driven by industrialization and urbanization has led to lifestyle changes that promote cardiovascular risks like obesity, physical inactivity and smoking. In India, cardiovascular diseases account for 27% of all deaths, with over 2.5 million deaths in 2016. The major cardiovascular diseases - coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and hypertension - and their risk factors are discussed. Modifiable behavioral and metabolic risk factors provide opportunities for prevention and management of cardiovascular mortality on a global scale.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and its epidemiology in India. It provides three real stories about myocardial infarctions occurring in young individuals to illustrate the severity of the issue. It then presents statistics on the leading causes of death in India, showing that cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common, now accounting for over a third of deaths and occurring at younger ages compared to developed countries. The document discusses the traditional risk factors for CAD, including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides data on the prevalence of these risk factors in India. The document emphasizes that risk factor assessment is not prevalent in India's public health system. It concludes by describing clinical features of
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, presentations, burden, measurements, risk factors, prevention strategies, and intervention trials. It notes that CHD is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and is a leading cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, genetics, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Prevention strategies involve population-wide approaches like diet/lifestyle changes and controlling risk factors, identifying and counseling high-risk individuals, and secondary prevention after events. Several trials showed community programs and clinical interventions can significantly reduce CHD incidence.
There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors among the O...Scientific Review SR
This document summarizes a study that assessed cardiovascular risk factors among two ethnic groups in Rivers State, Nigeria.
The study measured blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels, smoking status, and other factors in 200 subjects from the Ogoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups. Mean values for factors like age, blood pressure, and BMI were calculated and compared between males and females within each ethnic group. Several cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity were found to be prevalent. The highest BMI values indicating obesity were found in male smokers, diabetics, and hypertensives, showing their higher risk for cardiovascular disease.
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Blood Pressure, Age, Physical Activ...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Blood Pressure, Age, Physical Activity, and Nutritional Status in Saudi Males and Females by Tahani Aljurbua in Food Science_ Nutrition Open access Journal
A Study of the Prevalence of Cardio-Vascular Diseases and Its Risk Factors (B...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Cardiovascular diseases are now the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for over 17 million deaths in 2016. The epidemiological transition driven by industrialization and urbanization has led to lifestyle changes that promote cardiovascular risks like obesity, physical inactivity and smoking. In India, cardiovascular diseases account for 27% of all deaths, with over 2.5 million deaths in 2016. The major cardiovascular diseases - coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and hypertension - and their risk factors are discussed. Modifiable behavioral and metabolic risk factors provide opportunities for prevention and management of cardiovascular mortality on a global scale.
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and its epidemiology in India. It provides three real stories about myocardial infarctions occurring in young individuals to illustrate the severity of the issue. It then presents statistics on the leading causes of death in India, showing that cardiovascular diseases are becoming more common, now accounting for over a third of deaths and occurring at younger ages compared to developed countries. The document discusses the traditional risk factors for CAD, including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, lack of exercise, and family history. It provides data on the prevalence of these risk factors in India. The document emphasizes that risk factor assessment is not prevalent in India's public health system. It concludes by describing clinical features of
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, presentations, burden, measurements, risk factors, prevention strategies, and intervention trials. It notes that CHD is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and is a leading cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, genetics, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Prevention strategies involve population-wide approaches like diet/lifestyle changes and controlling risk factors, identifying and counseling high-risk individuals, and secondary prevention after events. Several trials showed community programs and clinical interventions can significantly reduce CHD incidence.
There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors among the O...Scientific Review SR
This document summarizes a study that assessed cardiovascular risk factors among two ethnic groups in Rivers State, Nigeria.
The study measured blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels, smoking status, and other factors in 200 subjects from the Ogoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups. Mean values for factors like age, blood pressure, and BMI were calculated and compared between males and females within each ethnic group. Several cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity were found to be prevalent. The highest BMI values indicating obesity were found in male smokers, diabetics, and hypertensives, showing their higher risk for cardiovascular disease.
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Blood Pressure, Age, Physical Activ...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Blood Pressure, Age, Physical Activity, and Nutritional Status in Saudi Males and Females by Tahani Aljurbua in Food Science_ Nutrition Open access Journal
- It is not wise to delay prevention and early detection of diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Waiting until symptoms become severe or obvious to seek treatment can lead to terrible health outcomes or death.
- Many major non-communicable diseases account for over half of all deaths in India. By 2033, diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are projected to cause even more deaths than infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS.
- Early detection through regular health screenings and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce risks and catch diseases in earlier, more treatable stages. Ignoring prevention and putting off treatment is a dangerous approach with serious health consequences.
Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease in India, affecting 20-40% of urban adults and 12-17% of rural adults. The number of people with hypertension in India is projected to increase substantially by 2025. Several studies have found high rates of unawareness and lack of control of the condition. For example, only 1 in 5 hypertensive women in one survey were on treatment, and less than 4% had their hypertension under control. Recent studies conducted in both urban and rural communities across India show hypertension rates similar to high-income countries, underscoring the need for increased screening, diagnosis, and management of the growing burden of hypertension.
Association Between Passive Smoking & Cardiovascular Disease Among Woman of L...Rishad Choudhury Robin
This document discusses cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women of low socioeconomic status in urban Bangladeshi communities who are exposed to passive smoking. It notes that passive smoking increases the risk of CVD by 10-30% and that over 46% of Bangladeshi women report high exposure to passive smoking. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is 21.6% in urban communities in Bangladesh, with rates over 35% among men and almost 5% among women. The document examines the risk of CVD from smoking in Bangladesh specifically.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for over 78,000 deaths in 1998. While mortality rates have declined, it remains unclear if incidence rates have also decreased. Women experience a 10 year delay in onset compared to men but have higher rates of hospitalization and longer hospital stays. Risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes disproportionately impact women's cardiovascular health. Vulnerable subgroups including low-income women and some ethnic minorities experience even greater rates of cardiovascular disease.
This document reviews traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It discusses how hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol are traditional risk factors. It also examines non-traditional markers like homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and various inflammatory markers that may help predict cardiovascular risk. While many non-traditional markers show promise, most are not routinely used in clinical practice and their predictive value requires further confirmation.
This document provides an overview of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presented by the Epidemiology Department Group 2 at Bahir Dar University in Ethiopia. It defines NCDs and describes their global, regional, and national distribution. It analyzes patterns of the top five NCDs (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and mental illness) that account for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. It also examines the impact of NCDs on life expectancy and healthy life years lost. Some key points include: NCDs are increasing rapidly in low and middle-income countries and are responsible for over 85% of deaths globally. The largest risk factors for early death and disability are now
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs), focusing on hypertension. It defines NCDs and lists common types, like cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, and diabetes. Globally, NCDs cause 41 million deaths annually. In India, 5.8 million people die from NCDs each year. Risk factors for NCDs are often modifiable, like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and alcohol use. The document outlines approaches for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension, including population-wide lifestyle changes and early detection/treatment of high-risk individuals. It also describes India's National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke.
This document is a term paper submitted by students of the Bachelor of Public Health program at La Grande International College in Nepal on the topic of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. It provides background information on NCDs including risk factors. Global data shows NCDs account for 60% of deaths worldwide, with 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, NCDs account for 42% of all deaths currently and are projected to cause 66.3% of deaths by 2030. The term paper analyzes NCD prevalence in Nepal and compares communicable to non-communicable disease burdens. It also examines Nepal's NCD policies and strategies.
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes. It notes that NCDs are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 63% of all annual deaths. Four main NCDs - cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes - account for 82% of NCD deaths. The global burden of NCDs is growing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors include behaviors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity, as well as physiological factors like high blood pressure. The document discusses NCD burdens and risks in South and Southeast Asia specifically, including Bangladesh and Thailand. It emphasizes
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and was written by Dr. Anindya Debnath. It provides an introduction to NCDs, outlines their growing global magnitude, and describes some of the major NCDs affecting populations like coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, obesity, diabetes, accidents and injuries, malignancies, blindness, and psychiatric disorders. Risk factors for NCDs include both modifiable factors like smoking, diet, and physical activity as well as non-modifiable factors like age, sex, and genetics.
Non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes account for over 60% of deaths worldwide. Major risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking have large effects on mortality. While rates of non-communicable diseases are highest in developed nations, they are increasing in low- and middle-income countries due to urbanization and changes in lifestyle. Controlling risk factors through public health interventions could significantly reduce the growing global burden of these diseases.
Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease—aArhamSheikh1
High levels of both leisure time physical activity and moderate levels of occupational physical activity are associated with a 20-30% lower risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women. The meta-analysis included 21 prospective cohort studies with over 650,000 participants followed for an average of 10 years. Both high leisure time physical activity and moderate occupational physical activity were associated with roughly a 20-30% lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke for men and women. No evidence of publication bias was found across the studies.
This document summarizes chronic non-communicable diseases. It discusses how cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases account for 80% of non-communicable disease deaths globally. It defines chronic diseases and non-communicable diseases. It also provides details on the magnitude and burden of major non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and stroke; discussing prevalence, mortality rates, and economic costs in India. Gaps in understanding the natural history of chronic diseases are also outlined.
Heart disease causes prevention and currentArhamSheikh1
This document summarizes an article from the JCCC Honors Journal that discusses heart disease, including its causes, prevention, and current research. The article provides an overview of lipids like fatty acids and cholesterol, and how dietary recommendations have historically focused on limiting saturated fats and cholesterol. However, recent studies call into question the benefits of strictly limiting these or replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exercise is shown to benefit heart health for all. Overall, the causes of heart disease are complex with interactions between diet, genetics, and environment not fully understood.
HIV infection is increasingly affecting older individuals as treatment allows for longer lifespans. Older adults with HIV have higher rates of age-related comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, kidney disease, lung disease, and bone disease than HIV-negative individuals of the same age. Management of these conditions in HIV requires screening for comorbidities, treating underlying viral infections, modifying lifestyle factors, and following guidelines for prevention and treatment of common age-related diseases.
The document discusses health challenges related to cardiovascular disease in India in the new century. Some key points:
- Cardiovascular disease is a growing problem in India, affecting people at younger ages than in other countries, with the average heart patient being 52 years old.
- Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in India include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, stress, and genetics.
- Cardiovascular disease is also increasingly affecting women in India at younger ages, as early as their 20s and 30s, due to lifestyle changes like lack of exercise and poor diets.
- Over 70% of India's urban population is estimated to be at risk of cardiovascular
Essential hypertension, the most common type, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, a rapidly growing section of the population. It is a sad reality that until the 1950s treating benign hypertension was not thought to be necessary. The tragic death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt on April 12, 1945 at the age of 63 years, with a blood pressure of 350/195mmHg, and without treatment shocked the healthcare community.
Burden of cardiovascular diseases in Indians: Estimating trends of coronary a...Apollo Hospitals
The global trends in disease specific mortalities indicate that ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in age group ≥60 years. It is also being recognized that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors are emerging as primary health problems in India with all socioeconomic groups being equally vulnerable. Though the high mortality rates due to CVDs in India may have major economic repercussions, the analysis on economic impact of CVDs remains incomplete, because of inadequate coverage of these diseases in India's vital event registration and absence of surveillance systems for disease specific mortality data. The per capita expenditure on health by public sector is very low making the poor to go for costly private healthcare facilities. We discuss here the burden of CAD and its risk factors in India and need for using population and individual based prevention strategies to halt and reverse the CVD epidemic. The country will need to create data for technical and operational factors for making prevention and control of CVDs feasible. National and international multidisciplinary collaborations will be needed to address the challenge posed by CVDs.
Hypertension in Developing Countries 3JAFAR ALSAID
The document discusses hypertension prevalence and management in developing countries. It finds that hypertension prevalence is increasing globally and is a major public health challenge, especially in developing nations with limited resources. Studies show awareness, treatment and control rates are lowest in low-income countries compared to upper-middle and high-income nations. Urbanization, lifestyle changes and other risk factors are contributing to growing rates in developing areas. Improved prevention, access to care, medication and management are needed to address the substantial hypertension burden expected to rise further in coming decades if left unaddressed.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge of the Risk Factors and Identify ...ijtsrd
The present study has been conducted to know assess the knowledge of the risk factors and identify risk for coronary vascular diseases CVD among students studying in selected high schools of urban and rural areas of Gwalior. The selection of sample was done through convenient sampling. The sample size was 300. The method of data collection was through demographic variables and self structured knowledge questionnaire, compersion regarding risk for coronary vascular diseases CVD studying in selected high schools students. Mr. Gagan Raj | Mr. Farukh Khan "A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge of the Risk Factors and Identify Risk for Coronary Vascular Diseases (CVD) among Students Studying in Selected High Schools of Urban and Rural Areas of Gwalior" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd58615.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/58615/a-comparative-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-of-the-risk-factors-and-identify-risk-for-coronary-vascular-diseases-cvd-among-students-studying-in-selected-high-schools-of-urban-and-rural-areas-of-gwalior/mr-gagan-raj
This document discusses hypertension in India. It provides statistics on the prevalence and burden of hypertension globally and within India. Some key points:
- Over a billion adults globally had hypertension in 2000, predicted to rise to 1.56 billion by 2025. Prevalence is increasing fastest in developing countries.
- In India, prevalence has risen from 2-15% in the 1990s to over 25% in urban areas and 10-15% in rural areas currently. By 2020, an estimated 159.46 per 1000 population will have hypertension.
- Hypertension awareness, treatment and control is low in India, with only around half of urban and a quarter of rural hypertensive individuals aware of their condition. Pro
- It is not wise to delay prevention and early detection of diseases like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Waiting until symptoms become severe or obvious to seek treatment can lead to terrible health outcomes or death.
- Many major non-communicable diseases account for over half of all deaths in India. By 2033, diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are projected to cause even more deaths than infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS.
- Early detection through regular health screenings and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce risks and catch diseases in earlier, more treatable stages. Ignoring prevention and putting off treatment is a dangerous approach with serious health consequences.
Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease in India, affecting 20-40% of urban adults and 12-17% of rural adults. The number of people with hypertension in India is projected to increase substantially by 2025. Several studies have found high rates of unawareness and lack of control of the condition. For example, only 1 in 5 hypertensive women in one survey were on treatment, and less than 4% had their hypertension under control. Recent studies conducted in both urban and rural communities across India show hypertension rates similar to high-income countries, underscoring the need for increased screening, diagnosis, and management of the growing burden of hypertension.
Association Between Passive Smoking & Cardiovascular Disease Among Woman of L...Rishad Choudhury Robin
This document discusses cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women of low socioeconomic status in urban Bangladeshi communities who are exposed to passive smoking. It notes that passive smoking increases the risk of CVD by 10-30% and that over 46% of Bangladeshi women report high exposure to passive smoking. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is 21.6% in urban communities in Bangladesh, with rates over 35% among men and almost 5% among women. The document examines the risk of CVD from smoking in Bangladesh specifically.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for over 78,000 deaths in 1998. While mortality rates have declined, it remains unclear if incidence rates have also decreased. Women experience a 10 year delay in onset compared to men but have higher rates of hospitalization and longer hospital stays. Risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes disproportionately impact women's cardiovascular health. Vulnerable subgroups including low-income women and some ethnic minorities experience even greater rates of cardiovascular disease.
This document reviews traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It discusses how hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol are traditional risk factors. It also examines non-traditional markers like homocysteine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinogen, and various inflammatory markers that may help predict cardiovascular risk. While many non-traditional markers show promise, most are not routinely used in clinical practice and their predictive value requires further confirmation.
This document provides an overview of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presented by the Epidemiology Department Group 2 at Bahir Dar University in Ethiopia. It defines NCDs and describes their global, regional, and national distribution. It analyzes patterns of the top five NCDs (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and mental illness) that account for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. It also examines the impact of NCDs on life expectancy and healthy life years lost. Some key points include: NCDs are increasing rapidly in low and middle-income countries and are responsible for over 85% of deaths globally. The largest risk factors for early death and disability are now
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs), focusing on hypertension. It defines NCDs and lists common types, like cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, and diabetes. Globally, NCDs cause 41 million deaths annually. In India, 5.8 million people die from NCDs each year. Risk factors for NCDs are often modifiable, like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and alcohol use. The document outlines approaches for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension, including population-wide lifestyle changes and early detection/treatment of high-risk individuals. It also describes India's National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stroke.
This document is a term paper submitted by students of the Bachelor of Public Health program at La Grande International College in Nepal on the topic of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. It provides background information on NCDs including risk factors. Global data shows NCDs account for 60% of deaths worldwide, with 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, NCDs account for 42% of all deaths currently and are projected to cause 66.3% of deaths by 2030. The term paper analyzes NCD prevalence in Nepal and compares communicable to non-communicable disease burdens. It also examines Nepal's NCD policies and strategies.
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes. It notes that NCDs are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 63% of all annual deaths. Four main NCDs - cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes - account for 82% of NCD deaths. The global burden of NCDs is growing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors include behaviors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity, as well as physiological factors like high blood pressure. The document discusses NCD burdens and risks in South and Southeast Asia specifically, including Bangladesh and Thailand. It emphasizes
This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and was written by Dr. Anindya Debnath. It provides an introduction to NCDs, outlines their growing global magnitude, and describes some of the major NCDs affecting populations like coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, obesity, diabetes, accidents and injuries, malignancies, blindness, and psychiatric disorders. Risk factors for NCDs include both modifiable factors like smoking, diet, and physical activity as well as non-modifiable factors like age, sex, and genetics.
Non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes account for over 60% of deaths worldwide. Major risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking have large effects on mortality. While rates of non-communicable diseases are highest in developed nations, they are increasing in low- and middle-income countries due to urbanization and changes in lifestyle. Controlling risk factors through public health interventions could significantly reduce the growing global burden of these diseases.
Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease—aArhamSheikh1
High levels of both leisure time physical activity and moderate levels of occupational physical activity are associated with a 20-30% lower risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women. The meta-analysis included 21 prospective cohort studies with over 650,000 participants followed for an average of 10 years. Both high leisure time physical activity and moderate occupational physical activity were associated with roughly a 20-30% lower risk of coronary heart disease and stroke for men and women. No evidence of publication bias was found across the studies.
This document summarizes chronic non-communicable diseases. It discusses how cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases account for 80% of non-communicable disease deaths globally. It defines chronic diseases and non-communicable diseases. It also provides details on the magnitude and burden of major non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and stroke; discussing prevalence, mortality rates, and economic costs in India. Gaps in understanding the natural history of chronic diseases are also outlined.
Heart disease causes prevention and currentArhamSheikh1
This document summarizes an article from the JCCC Honors Journal that discusses heart disease, including its causes, prevention, and current research. The article provides an overview of lipids like fatty acids and cholesterol, and how dietary recommendations have historically focused on limiting saturated fats and cholesterol. However, recent studies call into question the benefits of strictly limiting these or replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exercise is shown to benefit heart health for all. Overall, the causes of heart disease are complex with interactions between diet, genetics, and environment not fully understood.
HIV infection is increasingly affecting older individuals as treatment allows for longer lifespans. Older adults with HIV have higher rates of age-related comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, kidney disease, lung disease, and bone disease than HIV-negative individuals of the same age. Management of these conditions in HIV requires screening for comorbidities, treating underlying viral infections, modifying lifestyle factors, and following guidelines for prevention and treatment of common age-related diseases.
The document discusses health challenges related to cardiovascular disease in India in the new century. Some key points:
- Cardiovascular disease is a growing problem in India, affecting people at younger ages than in other countries, with the average heart patient being 52 years old.
- Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in India include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, stress, and genetics.
- Cardiovascular disease is also increasingly affecting women in India at younger ages, as early as their 20s and 30s, due to lifestyle changes like lack of exercise and poor diets.
- Over 70% of India's urban population is estimated to be at risk of cardiovascular
Essential hypertension, the most common type, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, a rapidly growing section of the population. It is a sad reality that until the 1950s treating benign hypertension was not thought to be necessary. The tragic death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt on April 12, 1945 at the age of 63 years, with a blood pressure of 350/195mmHg, and without treatment shocked the healthcare community.
Burden of cardiovascular diseases in Indians: Estimating trends of coronary a...Apollo Hospitals
The global trends in disease specific mortalities indicate that ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in age group ≥60 years. It is also being recognized that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors are emerging as primary health problems in India with all socioeconomic groups being equally vulnerable. Though the high mortality rates due to CVDs in India may have major economic repercussions, the analysis on economic impact of CVDs remains incomplete, because of inadequate coverage of these diseases in India's vital event registration and absence of surveillance systems for disease specific mortality data. The per capita expenditure on health by public sector is very low making the poor to go for costly private healthcare facilities. We discuss here the burden of CAD and its risk factors in India and need for using population and individual based prevention strategies to halt and reverse the CVD epidemic. The country will need to create data for technical and operational factors for making prevention and control of CVDs feasible. National and international multidisciplinary collaborations will be needed to address the challenge posed by CVDs.
Hypertension in Developing Countries 3JAFAR ALSAID
The document discusses hypertension prevalence and management in developing countries. It finds that hypertension prevalence is increasing globally and is a major public health challenge, especially in developing nations with limited resources. Studies show awareness, treatment and control rates are lowest in low-income countries compared to upper-middle and high-income nations. Urbanization, lifestyle changes and other risk factors are contributing to growing rates in developing areas. Improved prevention, access to care, medication and management are needed to address the substantial hypertension burden expected to rise further in coming decades if left unaddressed.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge of the Risk Factors and Identify ...ijtsrd
The present study has been conducted to know assess the knowledge of the risk factors and identify risk for coronary vascular diseases CVD among students studying in selected high schools of urban and rural areas of Gwalior. The selection of sample was done through convenient sampling. The sample size was 300. The method of data collection was through demographic variables and self structured knowledge questionnaire, compersion regarding risk for coronary vascular diseases CVD studying in selected high schools students. Mr. Gagan Raj | Mr. Farukh Khan "A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge of the Risk Factors and Identify Risk for Coronary Vascular Diseases (CVD) among Students Studying in Selected High Schools of Urban and Rural Areas of Gwalior" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd58615.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/58615/a-comparative-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-of-the-risk-factors-and-identify-risk-for-coronary-vascular-diseases-cvd-among-students-studying-in-selected-high-schools-of-urban-and-rural-areas-of-gwalior/mr-gagan-raj
This document discusses hypertension in India. It provides statistics on the prevalence and burden of hypertension globally and within India. Some key points:
- Over a billion adults globally had hypertension in 2000, predicted to rise to 1.56 billion by 2025. Prevalence is increasing fastest in developing countries.
- In India, prevalence has risen from 2-15% in the 1990s to over 25% in urban areas and 10-15% in rural areas currently. By 2020, an estimated 159.46 per 1000 population will have hypertension.
- Hypertension awareness, treatment and control is low in India, with only around half of urban and a quarter of rural hypertensive individuals aware of their condition. Pro
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes and respiratory diseases. They cause 38 million deaths annually, with three quarters occurring in low and middle income countries. The four main NCDs - cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases and diabetes - account for 82% of NCD deaths. Key risk factors include tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Prevention strategies involve reducing exposure to risk factors through measures like banning tobacco advertising and restricting alcohol access. Population-wide interventions promoting healthy behaviors can help control the growing NCD burden in a cost-effective manner.
The document discusses the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in India. It summarizes that NPCDCS aims to prevent and control four major non-communicable diseases through strengthening infrastructure, human resource development, health promotion, early diagnosis, and management/referral. It also briefly outlines the burden and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, highlighting they are a leading cause of death in India and globally.
This document discusses risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. It begins by defining cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease. It then discusses the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, providing statistics on deaths and prevalence rates in various parts of the world. The major risk factors discussed include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and stress. Strategies for prevention and intervention at the population level, high-risk level, and secondary prevention level are described. Clinical trials investigating risk factor modification are also summarized.
The effects of_the_mediterranean_diet_on_chronic_dArnon Ngoenyuang
This document summarizes the effects of the Mediterranean diet on chronic diseases. It discusses how the Mediterranean diet, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, legumes, olive oil and fish, is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. The Mediterranean diet contains beneficial compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols and omega-3 fatty acids that are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and have been shown to lower risk of chronic diseases through various mechanisms like reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with significant reductions in mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence and incidence of neurodegenerative diseases.
Non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease cause over 60% of deaths globally each year. The main risk factors are tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Non-communicable diseases disproportionately affect low and middle income countries. Urgent action is needed to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce risk factors through public education and policy measures in order to address this growing global health challenge.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Amla Juice with Honey to Reduce the Bl...ijtsrd
BACK GROUND The present study aim to effectiveness of Amla Juice with Honey to reduce the blood pressure level among hypertensive patients in selected urban area. METHODS AND MATERIALS The quantitative approach with One group pretest posttest experimental research design was used for the present study. A total 100 samples were collected using non probability purposive sampling technique. The demographic data and clinical variables were gathered using self administered questionnaire, followed by that data was gathered and analyzed. RESULTS In the pretest, 37 37 had systolic BP less than 120 mmHg, 31 31 had 121 - 139, 28 28 had 141 - 159 mmHg and 4 4 had =160 mmHg of systolic BP whereas in the post test, 62 62 had less than 120 mmHg and 38 38 had 121 - 139 mmHg of systolic BP.37 27 had diastolic BP less than 80 mmHg, 30 30 had 80 - 89 mmHg, 26 26 had 90 - 99 mmHg and 7 7 had =100 mmHg of diastolic BP whereas in the post test, 57 57 had less than 80 mmHg and 43 43 had 80 - 89 mmHg of diastolic BP. CONCLUSION Thus, the present despites that reduce the blood pressure level among hypertensive patients. Mrs. Sindhu Priya. R | Ms. Umamageshwari S | Ms. Kanimozhi. N "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Amla Juice with Honey to Reduce the Blood Pressure Level among Hypertension Patients in Selected Urban Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52637.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/52637/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-amla-juice-with-honey-to-reduce-the-blood-pressure-level-among-hypertension-patients-in-selected-urban-area/mrs-sindhu-priya-r
Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in indiaSujay Iyer
The ICMR-INDIAB study found high prevalences of noncommunicable diseases in India, with nearly two-thirds of individuals estimated to have diabetes or prediabetes. Results showed the highest diabetes prevalence was in Tamil Nadu (10.4%) and Chandigarh (13.6%), while obesity was most common in Chandigarh (31.3%). Hypertension prevalence was highest in Tamil Nadu (27.6%) and dyslipidemia affected nearly 80% of the population overall. Less than a third of individuals exhibited good glycemic control, highlighting the need for improved disease management and prevention through increased physical activity and healthier diets.
The Future of Cardiology (2018 – 2030): Advanced Treatments to Combat the Global Advance of Cardiovascular Diseases. I presented this at Conference Series Cardiology Conference 2017 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 09/01/2017. I first look the the number of people globally affected by cardiovascular diseases. Then I look at the cumulative "lost productivity" globally as a result of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Following that, I look at the total costs of treating cardiovascular diseases globally. Then I present the reasons why cardiovascular diseases are rising so rapidly throughout the world - lifestyle/clinical. Then I look at the rates of smoking throughout the world; one of the main culprits of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The next slides look at the "Gold Standard" of care for coronary artery diseases (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and aortic valve disease. I also present what is driving industry consolidation and associated major transactions. I then provide some perspective on the future of interventional cardiology. And finally, I provide some insight into "evolving technologies" for cardiovascular care and interventional cardiovascular care. It was a lengthy presentation, but I feel, all critical. This is a very complex field. It takes at least 12 continuous years of education and training to become an interventional or non-interventional cardiologist (4 years pre-med, 3 years medical school, 3 years medical residency, 2 years fellowship (where a cardiologist selects and trains on their cardiovascular specialties)). Some authorities are even calling for post-fellowship training for procedures like transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and pacemaker/ICD implantation.
Burden of cardiovascular diseases in Indians: Estimating trends of coronary a...Apollo Hospitals
The global trends in disease specific mortalities indicate that ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in age group ≥60 years. It is also being recognized that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors are emerging as primary health problems in India with all socioeconomic groups being equally vulnerable. Though the high mortality rates due to CVDs in India may have major economic repercussions, the analysis on economic impact of CVDs remains incomplete, because of inadequate coverage of these diseases in India's vital event registration and absence of surveillance systems for disease specific mortality data. The per capita expenditure on health by public sector is very low making the poor to go for costly private healthcare facilities. We discuss here the burden of CAD and its risk factors in India and need for using population and individual based prevention strategies to halt and reverse the CVD epidemic. The country will need to create data for technical and operational factors for making prevention and control of CVDs feasible. National and international multidisciplinary collaborations will be needed to address the challenge posed by CVDs.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, affects over 1 billion people worldwide and is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. A study in Pakistan found a prevalence of hypertension of 35.1%, with over 60% of hypertensive patients aware of their condition but only 75.3% receiving treatment. The document outlines the types, risk factors, causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and resources for hypertension. It also discusses World Hypertension Day which aims to increase awareness of prevention and control of high blood pressure.
Low and middle income countries now account for over 75% of global cardiovascular disease deaths. In India, cardiovascular diseases are a growing epidemic due to increasing risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity accompanying urbanization. The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases aims to promote healthy lifestyles and provide screening, treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases nationwide. Globally, the WHO's action plan targets a 25% reduction in premature deaths from non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease by 2025 through cooperation between countries.
Non-communicalbe diseases and its preventionShoaib Kashem
Non communicable disease account for a large and increasing burden of disease worldwide. It is currently estimated that non communicable disease accounts for approximately 60% of global deaths and 43% of global disease burden. This is projected to increase to 73% of deaths and 60% of disease burden by 2020.
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Post intervention assessment will be done after every three months to measure the
outcomes.
Arrange: -
Arrange follow up meeting and laboratory investigation after every three months.
Motivational support will be provided to participants.
Rewards will be given to participants as per their achievement.
Certificates will be provided to participants at the end of intervention.
Feedback will be taken from all stakeholders.
Sustainability plan will be prepared.
Report will be submitted to Ministry of Health/local government.
Publication of results.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers are the leading causes of death worldwide, responsible for 60% of all deaths globally. NCD prevalence is rapidly increasing in Sri Lanka and is linked to risk factors like unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and obesity. These risk factors are commonly seen in Sri Lanka and have contributed to higher NCD mortality rates than in many developed countries. While knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors is important, many Sri Lankans remain unaware of their NCD status due to a lack of screening and education. Widespread lifestyle changes are needed to address the growing NCD burden through healthy diets, regular exercise and the avoidance
The document provides an overview of ischemic heart disease (IHD), the leading cause of death globally. It discusses IHD in detail, including its symptoms, risk factors, global and national burden, economic costs, and approaches for prevention and control. Key points are: IHD accounts for over 9 million deaths annually worldwide; prevalence is highest in Eastern Europe but increasing in Western countries; Nepal faces a growing IHD burden responsible for 16.4% of deaths; and prevention relies on controlling major risk factors like smoking, diet, activity levels, and treating conditions like diabetes and hypertension.
The STEPS framework was developed by the WHO to standardize surveillance of chronic disease risk factors. It uses a hierarchical approach with 3 levels - questionnaires, physical measurements, and biochemical testing - to assess behaviors like tobacco use and diet as well as biomarkers like blood pressure and glucose. This allows for comparisons over time and between countries. The framework aims to help prevent chronic disease epidemics by informing health planning and evaluation of interventions. It emphasizes flexibility to meet local needs and capacity building in low-resource settings.
This document discusses the epidemiology of coronary heart disease. It begins by providing an overview of cardiovascular diseases and the proportions of deaths caused by coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other cardiovascular diseases in males and females globally. It then discusses the descriptive epidemiology of coronary artery disease, including trends in India, deaths by age and gender in India, and worldwide trends and international comparisons. It also covers the distribution patterns of coronary heart disease by age, gender, ethnicity, and analytical epidemiology on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
Similar to A Study on Food Habits and Social Habits as Risk Factors among Patients Undergoing Percatenous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty PTCA (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23372 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1424
By 2030, almost 23.6 million people will die from CVDs,
mainly from heart disease and stroke. These are
projected to remain the single leading causes of
death.[WHO]
• CVD have a major share in the incidence of non-
communicable diseases and is also one of the leading
cause of death in India. It has out grown the boundaries
of gender, location of dwelling, studies show an
increased prevalence of CVD in India as compared to
other developing countries with recent trends showing
incidence in younger age group's.
• According to recent statistics, 31% of global deaths,
takes place every year by CVD’S . Tobacco / smoking ,
unhealthy diet ,physical inactivity &the harm full use of
alcohol .
• 17 .9 million deaths world wide out of which >75% of
deaths are low income & middle income countries and
85% of deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes
[WHO].
Overall CVD contributed 28.1% of total deaths in India
in 2016 , were among the people younger than 70 years
with higher proportion leading an overlapping risk
factors.
CVD death rate 272 per 100 000 population in Indiaishigher
than the global average of 235 per 100 000 population in
2016.
It is seen to affect all sections of the society from young to
old and most affluent to least affluent as the large scale and
widespread incidence shows downgrading of the
Cardiovascular health. Status of Indians and emergence of
CVD as a chronic manifestations across the population.Thus
by effecting the country's productivity owing to economic
burden in an otherwise unbeneficial phase of demographic
transition of the country , thus indicating theneedforurgent
policy and health system response appropriate for the
situation in country .
OBJECTIVES
To observe various co-morbidities among the patients
undergoing PTCA.
To study the bio-chemical parameters in patients
undergoing PTCA like haemoglobin, PVC, plateletcount,
bilirubin levels.
To observe various social habits in the patients
undergoing PTCA such as smoking and alcohol
consumption.
Food consumption pattern- high calorie, high protein
and high fat foods.
THE RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
ARE:
A. MAJOR MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:
High blood pressure
Abnormal blood cholesterol
Tobacco use (smoking and chewing)
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
COPD and reduced lung function
Arteriosclerosis
Physical inactivity
Unhealthy dietary patterns.
B. OTHER MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:
Low socio economic status
Alcohol use
Mental health
Psychological stress
Use of certain medication
C. NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:
Advancing age
Hereditary of family history
Gender
Ethnicity or race
D. OTHER RISK FACTORS:
Dietary risk 56.4%
High systolic blood pressure 31.1%
High total cholesterol 29.4%
Tobacco use 18.9%
High body mass index 14.7%
REVIEW OF LITREATURE
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is an umbrella term for a
number of linked pathogens, commonly defined as a
coronary heart disease(CHD), cerebrovascular disease,
peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic and congenital heart
disease. Globally CVD accounts for31%of mortalityof this in
the form of CHD and cerebrovascular accidents.[1]
According to world health organization [WHO], CVD will be
the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in the
world by the year 2015, and is assumed that Indians would
be the most affected amongst all ethnic population. There
are various factors involved forrapidincreasingof theCVD’s.
cardiovascular mortalityinAsian Indiapopulationislikelyto
climb up to 93% in men and 90% in women.[2]
Cardiovascular disease [CVD] mortality and morbidity has
been shown to be elevated in individuals who are
overweight [obese], particularly with central deposition of
adipose tissue. Abdominal obesity has been shown to be a
risk factor for CVD worldwide. Obesity may be associated
with diabetes and hypertension, all of which increase the
risk of CVD events.[3]
High cholesterol increases the risk of developing the CVD’s .
About 45% of medi care beneficiaries have high cholesterol,
making it the second most common condition among all the
medical office encounters.[4]
The prevalence of severity of hypertension [HTN] increase
with increasing BMI . Obesity is characterized by various
metabolic abnormalities including increase in circulating
blood volume which contribute to the development of HTN.
[5]
Hypertension isquantitativelythemostimportantrisk factor
for premature CVD. It is most common in people with social
habits like alcoholism and smoking , diabetes which is the
other major risk factor. HTN accounts an for an estimated
54% of all strokes and 47% of all heart disease events
globally.[8]
Obesity can lead to a variety of other cardiac problems. The
risk factors of developing heart failure was twice as high in
patients with a BMI greater than 30 as compared to non-
patients with obesity, which can subsequently cause the
heart to undergo volume overload by putting furtherstrains
on its capacity to work .[6]
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23372 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1425
Adipose tissue [loose connective tissue] promotes the
development of atherosclerosis. This is a hardening of the
arteries believed to be an inflammatory disorder. This
process can damage heart cells, inevitably leading to
replacement of healthy heart cells to fat cells. [7]
Diabetes is a major risk factor for CVD, and is the most
common type of death in people with diabetes. It was found
that diabetes was associated with significantly higher
mortality, and in-stenting . [10]
For various reasons, stress, anxiety, and depression are
factors that negatively affect the patients’ recovery and
quality of life. Myocardial infarctions and sudden death is 3
to 6 times more in anxious patients compared to the normal
population
Most of the time those who are stressed, anxious and
depressed show severesystematicreactionstostressorsand
experience an elevated heart rate and blood pressure as a
result, the hearts demand for blood and oxygen and lead to
severe ischaemia .leading to depressed patients, the
incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus ,and
hyperlipidemia, each of which is considered as a risk factor
for cardiac disease.
Stress and anxiety delay the period of adjustment to cardiac
disease, and negatively affect the patients’ quality of life.
Anxious patients are less able to adjust with the change of
their lifestyle and diet, adhere to administered drugs and
treatment, and regulate the amount of appropriate physical
activities persists it would lead to the severity of signs and
symptoms, more physical disability, poor performance, and
postponing the preparation for returning to their jobs and
usual social activities.[9]
There is no proven benefit in implantingastentinablockage
that does not impair blood flow to the heart muscle. These
blockages require only medications and lifestyle
changes to treat successfully. [11]
The effectiveness of lifestyle interventionswithinsecondary
prevention of coronaryheart disease(CHD)remainsunclear,
with respect to educational, psychological, dietary,
organizational, and exercise. The overall results for
modifiable risk factors suggested improvements in dietary
and exercise outcomes but no overall effect on smoking
outcomes. In trials that examined mortality and morbidity,
significant benefits were reported for total mortality .Thus,
disease prevention measureshavebeendesigned tofocuson
a range of lifestyle factors.[5]
Reduction in body weight and blood pressure, and in
increased physical activity. Furthermore, nutritional habits
and less fat intake, and body compositionchangedtowardsa
higher proportion of fat-free mass and also intensified
lifestyle modification is able to reduce the need for further
revascularization procedures after PTCA in patients with
CAD. [12]
Smoking has been estimated to cause about 11% of all
deaths due to CVD as it contributes to the pathogenesis of
CVD and sudden death through a variety of mechanism,
including the promotion of atherosclerosis, through
reduction capacity of blood to deliver oxygen.[15]
Stress and anxiety delay the period of adjustment to cardiac
disease, and negatively affect the patients’ quality of life.
Anxious patients are less able to adjust with the change of
their lifestyle and diet, adhere to administered drugs and
treatment, and regulate the amount of appropriate physical
activities persists it would lead to the severity of signs and
symptoms, more physical disability, poor performance, and
postponing the preparation for returning to their jobs and
usual social activities.[4]
In case of modifiable risk factors, 4% had body mass index
(BMI) (kg/m 2) >30, 12.8% had stage 2 hypertension, and
39.6% had diabetes. The low-density lipoprotein level was
elevated in 9.6% of the patients, 8% had elevated total
cholesterol levels, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein
levels were noted in 76.4% of the patients. Regarding the
smoking status, 15.6% were current smokers and 20.8%
ever smokers. 93.6% had acute coronary syndrome, 79.2%
had prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 0.2%
had prior coronary artery bypass graft, 55.6% had prior MI,
0.4% had prior stroke, 23.2% had normal coronary vessels,
44.4% had single vessel disease, 6.8% of them had triple
vessel disease, and 98% of the patients had left ventricular
ejection fraction within 30-50%. [13]
Indeed, cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention
programmes have developed from focusing on exercise
alone to becoming multidisciplinary and encompassing
baseline patient assessments, nutritional counseling , risk
factor management (i.e., lipids, hypertension, weight,
diabetes, and smoking), psychosocial and vocational
counseling , and exercise training, in addition to the
appropriate use of cardio protective drugs [14]
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METHODOLOGY
DESCRIPTION:
A pooled study of individual – level analysis samplingof [60]
subjects was done. All the subjects were diagnosed with
several Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery
disease(CAD), coronary rheumatic heart disease(CRDH),
Atrial septal defect(ASD), Ventral Septal Defect(VSD).
Subjects (n= 60) with and without co – morbidities like
Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, unhealthy , improper
dietary habits and with some social habits such as
smoking/tobacco, alcohol consumption and combination of
these were analyzed .
PARTICIPANTS:
The study was taken up by 2 students pursuing Post
graduate diploma in Nutrition and Dietetics as part of their
dissertation work . Each student carried out a study of 30
subjects individually from a multi speciality hospital in
Hyderabad Overall 60 subjects were analyzed .
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
The present study was conducted among 60 patients
undergoing PTCA in a multi specialityhospitalinHyderabad.
A structured pre-tested questionnaire was administered to
record the detailed data such as patient profile ,chief
complaints , diagnosis , present illness, historyofpastillness
cardiovascular surgery of the patient underwent,subjective
data , objective data , biochemical data, medication given ,24
– hour dietary recall , follow up diet , diet on discharge of
individual , and food frequency of the subjects [n=60] were
followed and analyzed.
Food consumption pattern was studied using a
questionnaire to collect 24 hour dietary recall and food
frequency.
The entire data was collected and analyzed in detail. The
markers dealt in depth were gender, age group, BMI ranges,
biochemical parameters mainly type of medications given ,
cardiovascular surgeries underwent, typeof diet,dietaryrisk
factors such as consumption of highfatandhigh caloriefood,
diet on discharge , their percentages and number were
calculated for the complication of the data .
STUDY SUBJECTS:
The sample population [n = 60] of 28-80 years of age were
chosen from a multi speciality hospital in Hyderabad. Allthe
patients were of different age groups, sex, socio-economic
status, ethnicity with different co-morbidities and were
posted for PTCA.
STUDY DURATION :
The Study was conducted for a period of 90 days.
A questionnaire was administered to obtain data for the
following parameters
• Various co- morbidities [diabetes, hypertension,
obesity]
• Bio chemical parameters.
• To observe various social habits in the patients
undergoing PTCAlikesmokingand alcoholconsumption
• Food consumption pattern
OBSERVATION:
From the study it was observed that the patients were with
abnormal biochemical parameters as their 24 hour diet
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recall showed that their diets are high in saturated fat, high
calories and high in biological protein with low fiber.
STASTICAL ANALYSIS:
The data of present study was analysed using percentages
and is represented through pie charts and bar diagrams
The most common symptoms observed in the complication
of study are shortness of breath (SOB), sweating, dizziness,
Low blood pressure, high blood pressure, anxiety etc.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERIES PERFORMED:
TYPE OF SURGERY NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Major [PTCA] 60 50%
Minor [CABG] 60 50%
The above table represents the percentage of the surgeries
i.e.. 50% of major and 50 % of minor surgeries .
GENDER & AGE CLASSIFICATION
The total number of patients assessed was 48 of which were
male and 12 were female patients.Thebelowgraph givesthe
gist .
GENDER NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Male 48 60%
Female 12 40%
AGE CLASSIFICATION:
The above graph describes different age groups of the
subjects
AGE GROUP NUMBER PERCENTAGE
20-30 4 6.6%
30-40 10 16.6%
40-50 30 50%
50-60 4 6.6%
60-70 8 13.3%
70-80 4 6.6%
BMI CLASSIFICATION
BMI NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Normal BMI 22 34%
High BMI 38 57%
The graph represent the percentage of BMI – 34% of the
subjects are with normal BMI and 57% of the subjects are
with high BMI .
SOCIAL HABITS
SOCIAL HABITS NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Smoking 38 63%
Alcohol 22 37%
The above graph represents social habits – 63 % of the
subjects are smokers and 37 % of the subjects are alcoholic .
OTHER CO –MORBIDITIES
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Co-morbidities Number Percentage
Hypertension 24 40%
Diabetic mellitus 20 33%
Diabetic + Hypertension 16 27%
OTHER DIAGNIOSIS:
LV DYSFUNCTION Number Percentage
Severe 6 10%
Fair 20 33%
Moderate 14 23%
Mild 20 33.3%
The above graph describes the LV Dysfunction – severeis 10
%, fair is 33% , moderate is 23 %, mild is 33.3% .
VESSEL DISEASES NUMBERS PERCENTAGE
Single 22 38%
Double 18 30%
Triple 10 12%
Others 10 20%
The graph describes the vessel diseases of the patients – 38
% are single vessel , 30% are double vessel , 12 % are triple
vessel and 20 % are others .
DIET PATTERNS:
FOOD FREQUENCY NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Vegetarian 11 23%
Ovo – vegetarian 6 15%
Non- vegetarian 43 78%
DISCHARGE DIETS
The above graph represents discharge diets – 25 % are low
salt normal diet , 30 % are diabetic low salt normal diet , 3.3
% are diabetic soft diet ,33.3 % are diabetic normal diet , 6.6
% are low salt soft diet .
DISCHARGE DIET NUMBER PERCENTAGE
LS - ND 15 25%
DLS-ND 18 30%
DSD 2 3.3%
DND 20 33.3%
LS-SD 4 6.6%
MEDICATIONS:
CLASS OF DRUGS NUMBER PERCENTAGE
Anticoagulant drugs 43 72
Antacid drugs 60 100
Laxative drugs 48 80
Pain killer drugs 53 88
Anti inflammatory drugs 48 80
Anti cholestremic drugs 43 72
Anti hypertensive drugs 38 63
Oral hypoglycemic drugs 12 20
Vitamin and mineral
supplementation
29 48
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This case study project was undertaken to explore the
various food habits and social habits of patients
undergoing PTCA.
As cardiovascular disease is globally considered as the
leading cause of death with 80 percent of CVD related
deaths being reported from low and middle income
countries like India.
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CVD in India alone is burdened with approximately 25
percentage of cardiovascular related deaths.
According to the study the major modifiable risk factors
are hypertension, tobacco use, and smoking, diabetes
mellitus, obesity whereas the major non – modifiable
risk factors are age and gender.
From the evident data it is clear that majorityof subjects
undergoing cardiovascular surgeries fall under the age
group 30 – 80 years and majority of the subjects are
found to have normal and increased BMI.
The results obtained clearly indicates that majority of
the patients with cardiovascular disease are male and
the major surgeries they undergo are DOUBLE VALVE
RELACEMENT, TEMPORARY PACE MAKER
IMPLANTATION, AND (PERCUTANIOUS
TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPALSTY) PTCA.
40% of the subjects smokers and alcoholic, tobacco
stained teeth.
From the estimated datacollected predominantsubjects
are effected with hypertension, diabetes and increased
BMI.
Almost subjects have normal appetite, hunger, thirst,
bowel and refreshing sleep.
Most of the subjects follow diabetic and non-vegetarian
diet pattern
Most of the subjects have low salt normal diets as they
are hypertensive which is the one causative factor for
PTCA.
The study also reveals that high calorie and high fat
foods along with low consumption of fruits and
vegetables are the major dietary risk factors for PTCA.
RISK FACTORS assessed through the present study:
• Dietary risk 56.4%
• High systolic blood pressure 31.1%
• High total cholesterol 29.4%
• Tobacco use 18.9%
In the survey the patients were given different hospital
diets depending up on their comorbidities and surgeries
performed.
All the subjects were on medications such as anti-
hypertensive drugs, oral hypo–glycemicdrugs, NSAID’S
and anti-coagulant drugs
SUGGESTIONS
A medical nutrition therapy (MNT) can bring a vast
change in mortality and morbidity rates of pateints
suffering from cardiovascular diseases.
The role of human nutrition n in medicine shows that
the branch of cardiology is fully covered by diabetes.
With the necessary lifestyle intervention can help
preventing the risk of cardio vascular diseases.
Cessation of smoking and consumption of alcohol can
reduce cardiovascular mortality
All the food groups should be included in the diet .Fiber
rich foods such as grains, whole fruits, raw salads must
be given .
The intake of fiber should be 14 grams for every
1000k.cal.Dietary fiber is recommended to reduce the
blood LDL and glucose.
Good amount of biological value protein i.e., milk and
milk products (low fat), sprouts , pulses and legumes.
Eat variety of fresh fruits and vegetables mostly deep
coloured once such as carrot, peach, blue berry .
8 portions fruits and vegetables are recommended.
Eggs are recommended as they are good source of high
biological value protein as well as vitamins and
minerals.
Fish without skin and prepared in healthy way without
added saturated and trans fat .
Fish containing omega-3fattyacids, it’sisrecommended
to eat for at least twice a week.
Garlic, Almonds, Walnuts, Flax seeds, fenugreek seeds.
Choose to eat meat which is lean and prepare them
healthy.
Prefer combination of oils.
Foods rich in fat, added sugars, beverages, junk should
be cut downed.
To lower the blood pressure, aim to eat no more than
2grams of sodium per day. Hypertension in severe
conditions is recommended (DASH) diet.
30 – 40 minutes of physical activity should be done
regularly .Yoga and meditation is also recommended.
Therefore, this study was designed to qualify the risk
factors associated with cardiovascular diseases which
can be modified.
CASE STUDY FORMAT
Name- Consultant-
Age/Sex- Date of admission-
Date of discharge-
P.O.M.R-
Past Medical History-
Family History-
Socio-economic status-
Social habits-
Literacy-
SUBJECTIVE DATA
Appetite –
Hunger –
Thirst-
Bowel-
Micturition-
Sleep-
OBJECTIVE DATA
Height-
IBW-
CBWI-
BMI-
MAC-
BIOCHEMICAL DATA
BLOOD PROFILE-
Hb-
PCV-
Platelet-
RBS-
FBS-
PPBS-
RENAL PROFILE
Urea-
Creatinine-
Na-
K-
Cl-
HCO2-
MEDICATIONS
Name of the medicine Action
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CLINICAL FINDINGS-
DIET HISTORY-
Time Food
item
Qua
ntity
Ene
rgy
Protein Fat CHO
Total
Total
FOOD FREQUENCY-
Cereals-
Pulses-
GLV-
Vegetables-
Non-Veg-
Egg-
QUESTIONNAIRE
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF FOOD HABITS AND SOCIAL
HABITS IN THE PATIENTS UNDERGOING [PTCA]
Name:
Age:
Sex:
Height:
Present Weight:
Present BMI:
Diagnosis:
• Food Preferences
i) veg ii) non-veg
social habits
i)smoking ii) alcohol
• Dietary Intake
• Good appetite ii) Poor appetite iii) Moderate/sub-
optimal
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
• No Symptoms ii) Poor appetite /Nausea iii)
Occasional vomiting
• Functional Capacity
• Normal to be improved ii) Occasionally difficulty or
feeling tired frequently iii) Bed ridden
Loss of subcutaneous (beloweyes,triceps,biceps, chest)
i)Normal ii)Mild iii)Moderate iv)Severe
co- morbidities :
i)Diabetes ii)hypertension iii)obesity
Haemoglobin
i) Less than normal ii)12.5-14.5
SUBJECTIVE DATA
Appetite –
Hunger –
Thirst-
Bowel-
Micturition-
Sleep-
DIET HISTORY-
Time Food
item
Qua
ntity
Ene
rgy
Protein Fat CHO
Total
Total
FOOD FREQUENCY-
Cereals-
Pulses-
GLV-
Vegetables-
Non-Veg-
Egg-
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Home» COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
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Inclusion in Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) - ESCI
Projected Impact Factor (2017): 0.59 , SJR (2017): 0.14
Five-Year Projected Impact Factor: 1.83
[12] Nutritional status assessment in patients indicated to
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guidelines
[13] Int J Adv Med Health Res – Mobile
Full site - Home > ToC
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Margaret E. Cupples1
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