The document summarizes a study on the socio-demographic profile and outcomes of AIDS patients admitted to B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) in Nepal between 2003-2006. The study found that the majority of patients were males between 20-40 years old, from the Mangolian caste, and from the Sunsari district. Half of the patients improved with treatment and were discharged, while approximately 15% expired. The number of AIDS cases at BPKIHS is increasing annually, highlighting the need for greater awareness activities and advocacy regarding available treatment facilities.
Upsurge of chikungunya cases in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAhmad Ozair
Background & objectives: Chikungunya (CHIK) re-emerged in India in 2006 after a gap of three decades. In Uttar Pradesh (UP), <100 confirmed cases per million were reported during this outbreak. Based on an upsurge of CHIK cases at UP, this retrospective study was conducted to investigate clinical and serological profile of CHIK cases in UP. Methods: A retrospective study was done on all clinically suspected CHIK cases that had been tested by ELISA for anti-CHIK virus IgM antibodies from September 2012 to December 2017. Based on clinical features, a subset of patients had earlier been tested serologically for dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE). Results: Of the 3240 cases enrolled, 771 (23.8%) were seropositive. Patients had a range of clinical manifestations with seropositivity highest in those exhibiting arthralgia with fever (40%), followed by fever of unknown origin (FUO) (22%), encephalitis (13%) and fever with rash (12%). Cases (total, seropositive) increased over 20-fold in 2016 (1389, 412) and 2017 (1619, 341), compared to 2012-2015. Nearly a third of dengue serology-positive cases and a fifth of JE serology-positive cases were co-positive for CHIKV. Interpretation & conclusions: Archival data from 2006-2011 and data from this study (2012-2017) indicated that UP experienced first CHIK outbreak in the decade in 2016, as part of a large-scale upsurge across northern India. CHIK should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with fever of unknown origin or fever with rash or acute encephalitis, in addition to classical arthralgia.
Scrub typhus manifesting with intracerebral hemorrhage: Case report and revie...Ahmad Ozair
Scrub typhus (ST), hitherto absent from many parts of India, is now recently being recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the country. Its diverse clinical presentations, low of the index of suspicion by the treating physician, and lack of diagnostic testing in many parts of the country result in delayed treatment, leading to a host of complications. We here report such a complication, where ST manifested with a large intracerebral hemorrhage, of which, to the best of our knowledge, only nine cases have been reported in the English language worldwide. Family physicians, who are the often first point of contact for treatment of febrile illness, as ST typically manifests, need to be aware of this entity to prevent such catastrophic consequences.
Upsurge of chikungunya cases in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAhmad Ozair
Background & objectives: Chikungunya (CHIK) re-emerged in India in 2006 after a gap of three decades. In Uttar Pradesh (UP), <100 confirmed cases per million were reported during this outbreak. Based on an upsurge of CHIK cases at UP, this retrospective study was conducted to investigate clinical and serological profile of CHIK cases in UP. Methods: A retrospective study was done on all clinically suspected CHIK cases that had been tested by ELISA for anti-CHIK virus IgM antibodies from September 2012 to December 2017. Based on clinical features, a subset of patients had earlier been tested serologically for dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE). Results: Of the 3240 cases enrolled, 771 (23.8%) were seropositive. Patients had a range of clinical manifestations with seropositivity highest in those exhibiting arthralgia with fever (40%), followed by fever of unknown origin (FUO) (22%), encephalitis (13%) and fever with rash (12%). Cases (total, seropositive) increased over 20-fold in 2016 (1389, 412) and 2017 (1619, 341), compared to 2012-2015. Nearly a third of dengue serology-positive cases and a fifth of JE serology-positive cases were co-positive for CHIKV. Interpretation & conclusions: Archival data from 2006-2011 and data from this study (2012-2017) indicated that UP experienced first CHIK outbreak in the decade in 2016, as part of a large-scale upsurge across northern India. CHIK should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with fever of unknown origin or fever with rash or acute encephalitis, in addition to classical arthralgia.
Scrub typhus manifesting with intracerebral hemorrhage: Case report and revie...Ahmad Ozair
Scrub typhus (ST), hitherto absent from many parts of India, is now recently being recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the country. Its diverse clinical presentations, low of the index of suspicion by the treating physician, and lack of diagnostic testing in many parts of the country result in delayed treatment, leading to a host of complications. We here report such a complication, where ST manifested with a large intracerebral hemorrhage, of which, to the best of our knowledge, only nine cases have been reported in the English language worldwide. Family physicians, who are the often first point of contact for treatment of febrile illness, as ST typically manifests, need to be aware of this entity to prevent such catastrophic consequences.
People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Hadhramout: Clinical Prese...asclepiuspdfs
The objective of the study was to determine the clinical features and outcome of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Hadhramout and nearby governorates. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) site at Ibn-Sina General Hospital, Mukalla, Hadhramout governorate. All 145 patients were enrolled in HIV treatment and care program from December 2008 to the end of December 2016 with confirmed HIV test. Data included all personal data, clinical staging, drugs taken, and outcomes. Patients were grouped according to the decades to five groups, ≤15 years, 16–30 years, 31–50 years, 51–70 years, and >70 years. Cases classify according to the antiretroviral drugs to ART group and Pre-ART group. The relevant data parameters were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 21 and Excel 10. Results: A total of 145 cases, most adults (97.9%), males and females were104 (71.7%) and 41 (28.3%), respectively. Mean age was 36.46 years and 30–50 years the most affected age group (55.2%). Clinical Stages 3 and 4 were the common presentation in 73.8%, and most cases were from Mukalla city. Of the total cases, 74.5% were on ART 53.1 of them improved, pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 4 cases, and death cases were (18.5%), mostly due to late presentation and non-adherence, and mostly occurred in early 6 months of starting the ART. 37 patients were in a pre-treatment group (21.6%), where the mortality rate is 35.1%, mainly due to loss of follow-up. Conclusions: Most cases were adult males, young age and have had late presentation, where mortality is higher in the pre-treatment group due to loss of follow-up and in early 6 months of treatment.
Scrub typhus (ST), a zoonotic disease, is currently being recognized as a significant contributor to the changing landscape of infectious diseases in India. As one of the important causes of febrile illness, in many parts of the country, general practitioners need to include it as part of the workup for cases of fever of unknown origin. While very amenable to early treatment with a simple regime of doxycycline, delayed diagnosis can result in a spectrum of complications. We report here one such complication of a case of ST manifesting with isolated lateral rectus palsy, which, to the best of our knowledge, has been reported only thrice in the world previously. Family physicians also need to be aware of the availability in India of affordable serological testing for ST that is useful for rapid and inexpensive diagnosis, leading to timely treatment.
Un estudio sobre las caracteristicas del tratamiento sde la TB XDR en sudafrica y el pronostico de vida de los pacientes segun las estrategias terapeuticas
—In the Indian sub-continent, first isolation of the chikungunya virus was done in Kolkata during 1963. During 2006 reports of large scale outbreaks in several parts of India have confirmed the re-emergence of this virus in the country. Since the incidence of this disease is increasing. So a retrospective analysis of laboratory confirmed chikungunya patients admitted to pediatric ward was done to study biochemical profile of chikungunya fever in children. Total 51 children were laboratory confirmed for chickungunya, 36 of them had isolated chikungunya infection. Male/female ratio of isolated chikungunya was 2.6:1. Fever was invariably present, associated constitutional symptoms consisted of skin rash, vomiting, diarrhea, pain abdomen, cough, corrhyza, myalgia and bleeding manifestations. The most characteristic feature of the infections in infants was skin manifestations in form of symmetrical superficial vesiculobullous lesions & maculopapular erythematous rash. Nine patients (25%) had neurological manifestations. Joint pain was present in only three patients but none had arthritis. Most common hematological abnormality revealed thrombocytopenia in 39% cases. There was mild to moderate elevation of liver enzymes in 13 patients (36%). Average length of hospital stay was 5.1 days. Thirty four patients recovered completely & two left against medical advise. It is concluded from this study that skin manifestations and neurological manifestations are common in younger age group apart from other constitutional symptoms. Arthralgia and chronic polyarthritis is rare in this age group as found in adults.
This bulletin is a publication of the CRC networks in Perak (Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh, Hospital Seri Manjung and Hospital Taiping).
This issue emcompasses various research articles written by CRC staff, a research scope write-up to emphasize on the research focus this coming year, programmes conducted in 2021 as well as upcoming events across the CRC Perak Network this year.
(e-ISSN Number: 2682-7867).
Strongyloidiasis after corticosteroid therapy: A case reportPavan Lomati
Strongyloides hyperinfection requires prompt diagnosis and initiation of antihelmintic therapy. Even with appropriate therapy, the mortality in disseminated Strongyloidiasis is much higher. In light of this, appropriate screening of high risk individual should be carried out prior to the initiation of therapy that is associated with immunosuppression.
This webinar is organized by MyICID and Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH, Ministry of Health in conjunction with Neglected Tropical Disease Day 2022. The purpose of this webinar is to refresh and update our knowledge on Dengue fever, which has been overshadowed by COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.
Presenter: Dr Fazlina Binti Mohamed Yusoff, Family Medicine Specialist at Klinik Kesihatan (Health Clinic) Anika, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
#dengue #WorldNTDDay #BeatNTDs #BestScienceforAll
A Study On Clinical Profile Of Sepsis Patients In Intensive Care Unit Of A Te...dbpublications
Background : Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection which is one of the most important cause of mortality & morbidity in critically ill patients. In this study clinical profiles of the sepsis patients admitted in ICU in this part of India have been evaluated. Methods & Materials: This prospective hospital based observational study was undertaken in the department of Emergency Medicine ICU of Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, over a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015 after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance.
RESULTS: Clinical profiles of 50sepsis patients, with male preponderance (56%) & mortality rate 36% were studied. Mean age was 48.36 years (SD ±17.16). fever & tachycardia were present in all patients. 30 patients (60%) required ventilatory support, 28 patients (56%) required inotropic support, 10 patients (20%) required dialysis. Gram negative bacteria were found to be the predominant pathogens associated with sepsis(73.4%) where most common organism responsible was Klebsiella (36.8%). Conclusion : assessment of clinical signs & initial serological & radiological investigations are of utmost importance to detect more critically ill patients as early as possible to intervene earlier for saving the life of the sepsis patients.
This webinar is organized by MyICID and Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH, Ministry of Health in conjunction with Neglected Tropical Disease Day 2022. The purpose of this webinar is to refresh and update our knowledge on Dengue fever, which has been overshadowed by COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.
Presenter: Dr Norhayati Mokhtar, Public Health Physician at the Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
#dengue #WorldNTDDay #BeatNTDs
Bilateral limb gangrene in an HIV patient due to vasculopathy: Managing the d...Ahmad Ozair
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported to experience a spectrum of homeostatic dysregulation and resulting manifestations in their vascular system. This may be due to either disruption in the coagulation-anticoagulation pathways or due to damage to vessels from either HIV or other opportunistic infections. However, gangrene in an HIV-infected patient is an uncommon phenomenon. We herein report a case of a 30-year-old female, who had been taking antiretrovirals irregularly for 10 years, developing bilateral limb gangrene during her hospitalization for cryptococcal meningitis. Unfortunately, her condition continued to deteriorate and her attendants took her from the hospital against medical advice, with her death soon after. We illustrate how several biopsychosocial factors came together here to result in poor outcomes. To note, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in HIV can rapidly lead to critical limb ischemia, resulting in limb gangrene. Aggravating risk factors for the same include smoking, poor glycemic control, and/or low CD4 T-cell count (<200 cells/mm3). General practitioners should be aware that HIV patients are far more prone to PAD than the normal population. Early recognition of at-risk patients, both medically and psychosocially, by family physicians is thus critical.
People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Hadhramout: Clinical Prese...asclepiuspdfs
The objective of the study was to determine the clinical features and outcome of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Hadhramout and nearby governorates. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) site at Ibn-Sina General Hospital, Mukalla, Hadhramout governorate. All 145 patients were enrolled in HIV treatment and care program from December 2008 to the end of December 2016 with confirmed HIV test. Data included all personal data, clinical staging, drugs taken, and outcomes. Patients were grouped according to the decades to five groups, ≤15 years, 16–30 years, 31–50 years, 51–70 years, and >70 years. Cases classify according to the antiretroviral drugs to ART group and Pre-ART group. The relevant data parameters were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 21 and Excel 10. Results: A total of 145 cases, most adults (97.9%), males and females were104 (71.7%) and 41 (28.3%), respectively. Mean age was 36.46 years and 30–50 years the most affected age group (55.2%). Clinical Stages 3 and 4 were the common presentation in 73.8%, and most cases were from Mukalla city. Of the total cases, 74.5% were on ART 53.1 of them improved, pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 4 cases, and death cases were (18.5%), mostly due to late presentation and non-adherence, and mostly occurred in early 6 months of starting the ART. 37 patients were in a pre-treatment group (21.6%), where the mortality rate is 35.1%, mainly due to loss of follow-up. Conclusions: Most cases were adult males, young age and have had late presentation, where mortality is higher in the pre-treatment group due to loss of follow-up and in early 6 months of treatment.
Scrub typhus (ST), a zoonotic disease, is currently being recognized as a significant contributor to the changing landscape of infectious diseases in India. As one of the important causes of febrile illness, in many parts of the country, general practitioners need to include it as part of the workup for cases of fever of unknown origin. While very amenable to early treatment with a simple regime of doxycycline, delayed diagnosis can result in a spectrum of complications. We report here one such complication of a case of ST manifesting with isolated lateral rectus palsy, which, to the best of our knowledge, has been reported only thrice in the world previously. Family physicians also need to be aware of the availability in India of affordable serological testing for ST that is useful for rapid and inexpensive diagnosis, leading to timely treatment.
Un estudio sobre las caracteristicas del tratamiento sde la TB XDR en sudafrica y el pronostico de vida de los pacientes segun las estrategias terapeuticas
—In the Indian sub-continent, first isolation of the chikungunya virus was done in Kolkata during 1963. During 2006 reports of large scale outbreaks in several parts of India have confirmed the re-emergence of this virus in the country. Since the incidence of this disease is increasing. So a retrospective analysis of laboratory confirmed chikungunya patients admitted to pediatric ward was done to study biochemical profile of chikungunya fever in children. Total 51 children were laboratory confirmed for chickungunya, 36 of them had isolated chikungunya infection. Male/female ratio of isolated chikungunya was 2.6:1. Fever was invariably present, associated constitutional symptoms consisted of skin rash, vomiting, diarrhea, pain abdomen, cough, corrhyza, myalgia and bleeding manifestations. The most characteristic feature of the infections in infants was skin manifestations in form of symmetrical superficial vesiculobullous lesions & maculopapular erythematous rash. Nine patients (25%) had neurological manifestations. Joint pain was present in only three patients but none had arthritis. Most common hematological abnormality revealed thrombocytopenia in 39% cases. There was mild to moderate elevation of liver enzymes in 13 patients (36%). Average length of hospital stay was 5.1 days. Thirty four patients recovered completely & two left against medical advise. It is concluded from this study that skin manifestations and neurological manifestations are common in younger age group apart from other constitutional symptoms. Arthralgia and chronic polyarthritis is rare in this age group as found in adults.
This bulletin is a publication of the CRC networks in Perak (Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh, Hospital Seri Manjung and Hospital Taiping).
This issue emcompasses various research articles written by CRC staff, a research scope write-up to emphasize on the research focus this coming year, programmes conducted in 2021 as well as upcoming events across the CRC Perak Network this year.
(e-ISSN Number: 2682-7867).
Strongyloidiasis after corticosteroid therapy: A case reportPavan Lomati
Strongyloides hyperinfection requires prompt diagnosis and initiation of antihelmintic therapy. Even with appropriate therapy, the mortality in disseminated Strongyloidiasis is much higher. In light of this, appropriate screening of high risk individual should be carried out prior to the initiation of therapy that is associated with immunosuppression.
This webinar is organized by MyICID and Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH, Ministry of Health in conjunction with Neglected Tropical Disease Day 2022. The purpose of this webinar is to refresh and update our knowledge on Dengue fever, which has been overshadowed by COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.
Presenter: Dr Fazlina Binti Mohamed Yusoff, Family Medicine Specialist at Klinik Kesihatan (Health Clinic) Anika, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
#dengue #WorldNTDDay #BeatNTDs #BestScienceforAll
A Study On Clinical Profile Of Sepsis Patients In Intensive Care Unit Of A Te...dbpublications
Background : Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection which is one of the most important cause of mortality & morbidity in critically ill patients. In this study clinical profiles of the sepsis patients admitted in ICU in this part of India have been evaluated. Methods & Materials: This prospective hospital based observational study was undertaken in the department of Emergency Medicine ICU of Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, over a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015 after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance.
RESULTS: Clinical profiles of 50sepsis patients, with male preponderance (56%) & mortality rate 36% were studied. Mean age was 48.36 years (SD ±17.16). fever & tachycardia were present in all patients. 30 patients (60%) required ventilatory support, 28 patients (56%) required inotropic support, 10 patients (20%) required dialysis. Gram negative bacteria were found to be the predominant pathogens associated with sepsis(73.4%) where most common organism responsible was Klebsiella (36.8%). Conclusion : assessment of clinical signs & initial serological & radiological investigations are of utmost importance to detect more critically ill patients as early as possible to intervene earlier for saving the life of the sepsis patients.
This webinar is organized by MyICID and Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), NIH, Ministry of Health in conjunction with Neglected Tropical Disease Day 2022. The purpose of this webinar is to refresh and update our knowledge on Dengue fever, which has been overshadowed by COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.
Presenter: Dr Norhayati Mokhtar, Public Health Physician at the Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
#dengue #WorldNTDDay #BeatNTDs
Bilateral limb gangrene in an HIV patient due to vasculopathy: Managing the d...Ahmad Ozair
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported to experience a spectrum of homeostatic dysregulation and resulting manifestations in their vascular system. This may be due to either disruption in the coagulation-anticoagulation pathways or due to damage to vessels from either HIV or other opportunistic infections. However, gangrene in an HIV-infected patient is an uncommon phenomenon. We herein report a case of a 30-year-old female, who had been taking antiretrovirals irregularly for 10 years, developing bilateral limb gangrene during her hospitalization for cryptococcal meningitis. Unfortunately, her condition continued to deteriorate and her attendants took her from the hospital against medical advice, with her death soon after. We illustrate how several biopsychosocial factors came together here to result in poor outcomes. To note, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in HIV can rapidly lead to critical limb ischemia, resulting in limb gangrene. Aggravating risk factors for the same include smoking, poor glycemic control, and/or low CD4 T-cell count (<200 cells/mm3). General practitioners should be aware that HIV patients are far more prone to PAD than the normal population. Early recognition of at-risk patients, both medically and psychosocially, by family physicians is thus critical.
Abstract—Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major global public health problems with nearly 2 billion people infected worldwide. So this present study was planned to have information about socio-demographic characteristics of study subjects, level of knowledge about Hepatitis B and vaccination among adults. A cross-sectional, community-based study about hepatitis B knowledge and vaccination status among ethnic 1300 Kashmiri population aged 18 years and above was conducted. The study area was block Hazratbal of district Srinagar. There were 970 (74.6%) females and 330 (25.4%) males. Majority of our participants (54.7%) were in the age group of 21-40 years. Most of the participants were from urban areas(68%), currently married(66.8%), illiterate(64.8), members of joint family(59%) and belonging to socio-economic class II(67.2%). Regarding knowledge, only 10.2% subjects had heard of Hepatitis B before this study. Among them, 50 (37.6%) participants were aware of the modes of transmission of this disease. About the Hepatitis B vaccination, only 26 (2%) participants out of 1300 had ever received the vaccine. Keeping in view, the low level of knowledge about Hepatitis B in the general population, there is a need to organize health education campaigns targeting both health care workers as well as public, so that they adopt all possible measures to prevent the spread of this fatal infection.
A study on clinical presentation and various risk factors associated with pht...IjcmsdrJournal
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The population most affected is the young and economically productive one. The social factors include poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, under nutrition, lack of education, and last but not the least lack of awareness of cause of illness.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To study the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients.
2. To study various risk factors of tuberculosis.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted at selected designated microscopic centre (DMCs) Kanpur Nagar district has a population of 45.73lakh ( Census 2011).All the patients who were registered in the selected DMCs in the last one month of the year 2016 ( between April and May) were taken into consideration for the present study. Data was collected on predesigned and pretested questionnaire using direct personal interview method of patients at DMCs on the DOTS days of the week i.e Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Informed consent of the study subjects was taken before interview. A total of 105 registered patients were interviewed personally and also the treatment card of patients was obtained from their respective DMCs.
Results: Out of 105 cases of tuberculosis which reported at DMCs maximum no. of patients belongs to age group between 21-40 yrs of age group (58%). Majority of cases were married (65.7%) cases. (62%) cases were Hindu by religion and (58%) belongs to other backward caste. In the study we found majority of patient was illiterate (34.3%). Most common clinical presentation was cough, fever and cough with expectoration, anorexia was reported in (61.9 %) of cases (77%) were cigarette/bidi smokers, 60% were tobacco chewer. Diabetes was reported in (12.4%) cases and (3.8%) cases were HIV positive.
Socio-Economic Effect of HIV/AIDS on Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nyami...paperpublications3
Since the first case of HIV/AIDS was reported in Kenya in 1984 the numbers of those infected have risen and many people have since died or are living with the HIV/AIDS since the epidemic started in 1980s in the drug injecting people and the homosexuals. These deaths have resulted in Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC). This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with one of the objective of finding out the socio-economic effect of HIV/AIDS on Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nyamira district. A sample of 384 people participated in the study. The people were through simple random selected from Bonyegwe sublocation of Nyamusi division. Semi-structured interview schedules were used in data collection from the households. To remove ambiguity, the research tools were pre-tested to both HIV/AIDS organizations and householders not in the sample population but with similar characteristics. The research tools were refined and used on the actual sample population. Text, graphs, figures and tables were used in data presentation. The study indicates that those people who had not attained any level of formal education were (17%). The study revealed that householders (40%) had higher proportion of secondary education as compared with members of HIV/AIDS organizations (37%). Most of the members of HIV/AIDS organizations (89%) indicated that farming is their main source of income and a cushion for food security as compared with householders (63%). The ministry of health should strengthen provision of PMTCT services at the ANC clinic so that we prevent more cases of orphans and vulnerable children. The study suggests that in future all mothers who test positive for HIV virus should be put on treatment in order to reduce defaulters at the same time reach sustainable coverage in the provision of HIV/AIDS services to the orphans and vulnerable children in the society.
Predicting the status of COVID-19 active cases using a neural network time s...IJECEIAES
The design of intelligent systems for analyzing information and predicting the epidemiological trends of the disease is rapidly expanding because of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 datasets provided by Johns Hopkins University were included in the analysis. This dataset contains some missing data that is imputed using the multi-objective particle swarm optimization method. A time series model based on nonlinear autoregressive exogenou (NARX) neural network is proposed to predict the recovered and death COVID-19 cases. This model is trained and evaluated for two modes: predicting the situation of the affected areas for the next day and the next month. After training the model based on the data from January 22 to February 27, 2020, the performance of the proposed model was evaluated in predicting the situation of the areas in the coming two weeks. The error rate was less than 5%. The prediction of the proposed model for April 9, 2020, was compared with the actual data for that day. The absolute percentage error (AE) worldwide was 12%. The lowest mean absolute error (MAE) of the model was for South America and Australia with 3 and 3.3, respectively. In this paper, we have shown that geographical areas with mortality and recovery of COVID-19 cases can be predicted using a neural network-based model.
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY - Dr. Kapil Amgain DrKapilAmgain
GENDER DIFFERENCE ON CASE DETECTION OF PULMONARY
TUBERCULOSIS AMONG THE SUSPECTED CASES ATTENDING
IN JUTPANI PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE OF CHITWAN, NEPAL.
Amgain Kapil1, Paudel DP2, Paneru DP3, Dhital Mukesh4, Amgain Ganesh5
1 Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Zoology, University Campus, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
2 Department of Public Health, JN Medical College, KLE University, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
3 Department of Public Health, Pokhara University, Kaski, Nepal
4 JN Medical College, KLE University, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
5 Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Phychology, University Campus, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
Coronavirus disease 2019 detection using deep features learningIJECEIAES
A Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic detection considers a critical and challenging task for the medical practitioner. The coronavirus disease spread so rapidly between people and infected more than one hundred and seventy million people worldwide. For this reason, it is necessary to detect infected people with coronavirus and take action to prevent virus spread. In this study, a COVID-19 classification methodology was adopted to detect infected people using computed tomography (CT) images. Deep learning was applied to recognize COVID-19 infected cases for different patients by employing deep features. This methodology can be beneficial for medical practitioners to diagnose infected patients. The results were based on a new data collection named BasrahDataset that includes different CT scan videos for Iraqi patients. The proposed system gave promised results with a 99% F1-score for detecting COVID-19.
Presented by Eric Fèvre at a Government of Kenya meeting on the development of national brucellosis and anthrax guidelines, Nakuru, Kenya, 26-28 June 2013.
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Clients Visiting Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic and India counts for 10% of the global HIV burden and 65% of that in the South and South-East Asia. This study of clients of ICTC was carried out to know the association of HIV positivity with socio-demographic variables. Total 2412 clients have visited at ICTC of SMS Medical College, Jaipur, either voluntarily or referred by various department of this institute in ICTC in 1st quarter of 2009. They Overall HIV positivity was found 12.35% with a significant difference in voluntary and referred clients i.e. 83.59% v/s 8.36%. It was also found that HIV positivity is more in reproductive age group than extremes of ages, more in females than males, more in person who were married but presently single because of separation of spouse, divorce form spouse or death of spouse than the unmarried or married living with their spouses.
Malaria parasitaemia and socioeconomic status of selected residents of Emohua...IOSRJPBS
In Nigeria, malaria consistently ranks among the five most common cause of death in children. This study investigated the prevalence of malaria and socioeconomic status of someresidents of Emohua Community, Rivers State, Nigeria.Following ethical clearance which was obtained from the University of Port Harcourt and the parents of the subjects who gave their written consents, blood samples were collected through vein puncture from 200 subjects within the age 0-17years, from July 2014-February 2015. Structured questionnaire were administered to the subjects and parents provided answers for younger children.Thick and Thin films were examined microscopically using oil immersion objective following the standardparasitological method. The thin films were fixed with methanol and all films were stained with 10% Giemsa stain diluted with 7.2 buffer water for 10 minutes. The demographic characteristics of 200 subjects examined in Emohua showed that 120(60%) were females and 60(40%) were males. Sex related prevalence showed that more females were infected with 66(62.3%) and had higher parasite density of 144720/ul than males with 40 (37.7%) and parasite density of 106160/ul though the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Out of the 200 subjects examined, 106(53.0%) were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. Age related prevalence showed that subjects within the age 0-3years and 4-6years had higher prevalence of 62 (31%) followed by those within the age 7-9years with 31(15.5%) and the least with zero prevalence was within the age 16-18 years. Those within the age of 4-6years had higher parasite density of 71680/ul followed by 0-3years of age with parasite density of 63360/ul while those within the age 16-18yrs had none (0). The difference in prevalence of malaria in relation to age was significant (P<0.05).>0.05). Subjects that used treated net were more with 117(58.5%), followed by those that do not use net at all with 54(27%) and those whose nets were untreated with 28(14%). Only 1(0.5%) person believed in the potency of prayer as a preventive measure against malaria while none trusted environmental sanitation. Subjects that are non- net users had higher prevalence of 46(85.2%) and more parasite density of 98080/ul followed by the untreated net users with 22(78.6%) and parasite density of 77280/ul while the least prevalence was recorded among the treated net users with 38(32.5%) and parasite density of 75520/ul. The differences in prevalence of infection in relation to preventive measures was significant (P<0.05).more><0.05).There is need to improve socio-economic status and awareness for total compliance to preventive measures among the subjects so as to reduce the malaria prevalence rate to the desired zero level
Descriptive Analysis of Malaria Surveillance Data of Belaichari Upazila Healt...Dr. Habibur Rahim
A malaria case can be defined as a patient having febrile period within 48 hours (Temperature ≥ 37.5°C) associated with clinical symptoms like headache, chills, severe malaise, severe weakness, vomiting etc. at the time of examination or within 48 hours and also confirmation of presence of Plasmodium Vivax or P. Falciparum in Blood slide examination (BSE) or Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) test. The Analysis of public health surveillance data on Malaria has been conducted in Upazila health complex of Belaichari of Rangamati hill tracts. Study duration was 10 days dated from 22-11-2018 to 03-12-2018. Data collected from monthly submitted data of web based surveillance of National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) website MIS, DHIS2, hospital Registry with the help of honorable UHFPO and Statistician and other related staffs also. Data of last four months (from July-October, 2018) taken for this simple analysis from monthly web based surveillance of NMCP, MIS. This data set has been taken to analyze the distribution of Malaria according to Age, sex, Time, place, during the study period. To find out the susceptibility and trend of this disease by appropriate analysis and interpretation of data. This study also given a look on the comparison of performance of GoB and NGO work to make a clear view. This study shows that incidence of malaria was high in July, 2018 as it was in monsoon season, and people above 15 years old are more affected, where male are more in ratio as they work in forests and outside of home. The Farua Union is riskier for malaria infection as it carries boundary with India and Myanmar territory. Plasmodium falciparum is the most infective parasite at Belaichari as it causes about 89% of total Malaria cases. In comparison with the previous year cases this year rate of infection of malaria is decreasing. It’s a matter of hope that it will guide us to walk through the way of Malaria elimination program in the next decade. The study was confined only in analysis of data of four months. It’s not reflective for the criteria of disease distribution round the year or the criteria of Malaria in the hill tracts area at all. Big scale analysis of data is recommended to be conducted for public health interest.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
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Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
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1. SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS.HIV/AIDS 2008 V(II)1-6
Socio-demographic Profile and Outcomes of the Admitted AIDS Patients in
BPKIHS
Mehta R. S.1, Singh B2
1Asst. Professor
Medical-Surgical Nursing Department
2Nursing Officer
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal
Abstract: In world More than 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, 2.3 million are under 15
yrs , 14000 new infections each day , 1.7 million human infected with HIV/AIDS, 3.1 million deaths
from AIDS , Million new HIV cases (13425) per day. In south East Asia 6.3 million PLWHA in 2005
(Source: WHO, UNAIDS).
It was retrospective descriptive study design conducted at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
(BPKIHS) among the admitted AIDS cases using their case notes during the period of 1-9-2003 to
30- 8-2006 using developed Performa. It was found that Majority of the subjects (83.4%) were of
age group 20-40 years, Male (89.6%), and from Sunsari district (47.9%). Half of the subjects were
improved after treatment and then discharged.
As the number of AIDS cases are increasing rapidly in eastern Nepal and BPKIHS is a centre for
treatment of AIDS cases, it is essential to conduct awareness activates regarding prevention of
disease and advocacy about available facilities of BPKIHS.
Key words: AIDS, Socio-demographic profile, BPKIHS
Correspondence to:
Dr. Ram Sharan Mehta
Asst. Professor
Medical-Surgical Nursing Department
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal
Email: ramsharanmehta@yahoo.com
Introduction in South Asia and poses a threat to
development and poverty alleviation efforts in
In Nepal the estimated number of PLWHA at the region. HIV infection is fueled by risk
end 2005 is 61,000, HIV prevalence in 2005 behavior, extensive commercial sex, low
was 0.5, estimated number of AIDS cases condom use and access, injecting drug use,
are 7,800, number of child (0-18) orphaned population movements (cross-border/rural-
by HIV/AIDS is 18000, receiving Ant urban migration), and trafficking.1
Retroviral Treatment (ART) till December
2005 was 210. HIV infection has taken root
SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 1
2. Social and economic vulnerabilities, including Study conducted by Asrath10, among migrant
poverty and illiteracy, highlight the need to workers in eastern Nepal found that, majority
act effectively and aggressively to reduce it’s of migrant workers (94.9%) had heard of
spread. South Asia has about 4.2 million of HIV/AIDS, but only few know the symptoms
the world’s 36 million people living with of HIDS. Most of them aware that use of
HIV/AIDS. While overall prevalence rates condom prevent spread of HIV/AIDS but
remain relatively low, the region’s large 25% of them do not use, while having
populations mean that a rise of a mere pre/extra marital sex. About 11.9 % workers
0.1percent in the prevalence rate in India, for were going to sex workers at a regular
example, would increase the national total of intervals and no one using condoms.
adults living with HIV by about half a million
persons.2 HIV/AIDS is emerging as a major threat in
the socio-economic and health sectors of
The current situation of HIV in Nepal is Nepal. Their multiple effects have so far
different from when the first case was been minimal in the country, but their
diagnosed in 1988. There are gaps and potential impact is immense.
challenges to be addressed in the fight
against HIV and AIDS. Nepal is low
prevalence country for HIV and AIDS. Objectives
However, some of the groups show evidence
of a concentrated HIV epidemic e.g. sex To find out the socio-demographic profile and
workers (19.5%), migrant population (4-10 outcomes of the admitted AIDS patients in B.
%), and intravenous drug users (IVDU's) P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences.
both in rural and urban areas (68 %). Since
1988 when the first case was diagnosed Methods
MoHP/DoHS and different stakeholders
came forward to address HIV and AIDS It was retrospective descriptive study design,
issues.1 conducted at BPKIHS among the admitted
AIDS clients. The available Case-sheets of
A significant percentage (60%), of HIV the diagnosed AIDS cases admitted between
positive patients belongs to lower socio- 1st September 2003 to 30th August 20006
economic class and many of them were constituted the population of the study. All
mobile workers and contracted their illness the case notes of diagnosed discharged
while working in Indian metropolis in the past AIDS cases are samples and total 48
reported by Aich5 in their study. available case notes were included in the
study. Using total enumerative sampling
Study conducted by Agrwal6 reported that technique all the case notes were collected
there was a significant difference in the from the medical record section using coded
domain concerning social relationship numbers (B 24, ICD–10) of files after taking
between the HIV positive individuals with the written permission from the hospital director.
controls. The files not available and incomplete were
excluded. Using standard semi structured
Study conducted by Parakh7 at BPKIHS Performa the data was collected.
among the health professionals showed that
health professionals had a hesitation in A list of diagnosed AIDS cases were
treating patients with HIV/AIDS, tempered by prepared using coded index (ICD-10, Code-B
concerns regarding provision of such care.
SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 2
3. 24) files and than case notes were collected Table I Socio-Demographic Profile and
from record section and information were Outcomes of the Admitted AIDS Patients
collected in the prepared format. All the case in BPKIHS (N= 48)
notes from September 1, 2003 to August 30,
2006 i.e. Bhadra 15, 2060 to Bhadra 14, S Item/Particular Percentage
2063 were studded. Anonymity of the N (%)
1 Age group of the subjects:
subjects was maintained. The information
< 20 years 8.3
obtained was kept confidential and used only 20-30 years 48.0
for this study. The collected data was 30-40 years 35.4
entered in SPSS-10.5 software package and >40 years 8.3
analyzed. The findings are presented in Mean 29.26
tables and graphs. Using Percentage, Mean SD 9.4
and SD the demographic findings and Range 2-50 Years
2 Gender:
outcomes were described. Male 89.6
Female 10.4
Results 3 Caste of the subjects:
Brahmin/ Chetri 29.2
The number of AIDS cases admitted in Mangolian 50.0
Newar 2.1
BPKIHS is increasing day by day i.e. 10, 12
Teri Origin 18.8
& 16 in the years 2061, 2062, and 2063 4 District Wise distribution
respectively as per the record but actual of the subjects:
number is much more because the files are Sunsari 47.9
coded on the basis of written diagnosis on Morang 18.8
the admission discharge sheet, which was Jhapa 14.6
usually accurately filled and only the Sirha 4.2
Others: ( Mahotari,
admitted diagnosis is mentioned. Now, Dhankuta, Dhanusa, Ilam,
BPKIHS is a centre for treatment of AIDS Taplagunj, Udapur) 10
cases of Eastern Nepal, where the facilities 5 Duration of
of HIV testing, ART, PMTCT, VCT, and hospitalization:
regular OPD services are available. Among < 5 days 41.7
all the 48 subjects, majority of them (83.3%) 5-10 days 29.1
10-15 days 20.9
were of age group 20-40 years Male > 15 days 8.3
(89.6%), Mangolian (50%), from Sunsari Mean 7.98
district (47.9%) and among those 50% were SD 5.32
improved and discharged from the hospital. Range 1-28 days
6 Department wise
The details of the findings are depicted in distribution of the
subjects:
Table-I. Medicine 89.6
Pediatric 6.3
Surgical 4.2
7 Outcome of the clients:
Improved & discharged 50.0
Unchanged & discharged 22.9
Expired 14.6
LAMA 8.3
Discharge on Request 2.0
Absconded 2.0
SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 3
4. Discussion Outcomes of the clients
The report on the pattern of demographic Half of the clients were improved with the
and clinical profiles of HIV positive persons in symptoms and discharged, where as 22.9%
Nepal are scarce.5 HIV/AIDS is rapidly were unchanged. The disease is not curable
spreading in countries of Asia including but treatable; hence life long treatment is
Nepal. It could cause major socio-economic required along with management of
impact in the country. It obviously has many opportunistic infections if occurred. The
health implications.9 HIV/AIDS is a growing symptoms persist and client will die if the
public health problem with complex social disease is not diagnosed in early stage and
and behavioral issues related to protection, treatment (ART) started on time.
prevention of transmission and care for
nursing and midwifery personnel caring for Conclusions
people living with HIV/AIDS.8
HIV/AIDS is no longer only a health issue; it
Demographic Profile of the subjects is also a development issue. Tackling the
epidemic will require not only prevention and
Majority of the clients were of age group of control of HIV infection among vulnerable
20-40 years i.e. 83.4%, which is similar and risk groups, but a multi-sectoral
pattern with national as well as international approach addressing the lack of access by
trends. Majority of clients were male (89.6%) risk groups to health care and education and
though the disease has equal prevalence. recognition of the populations at risk. People
This low reporting may be due to social living with HIV and AIDS should be brought
stigma and ignorance of diseases among to the forefront in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
female. Majority of the clients were Family members, local communities, civil
Mangolian (50%), as the hospital is situated society organizations, donors, and
in Dharan, where IVDUs are endemic, major government all have their own important role
occupation of these groups of people are to play. Increasing trend of the disease
lahure, and majority of people residing in certainly has given pressure to focus on the
Dharan are Mangolian. Similar demographic use of comprehensive targeted intervention
data were reported by Agrwal.6 programs in risk groups sub-populations.
Most of the clients were from Sunsari AIDS is a treatable disease, which is
(47.9%), Morang (18.8%), and Jhapa common among age groups of 20-40 years
(14.6%), as BPKIHS is situated in Dharan of their productive life. If proper treatment
which is easily arrival by the population of and care is provided the life of the clients can
these three districts and there are three be prolonged with comfort. Keeping the
municipalities are in Sunsari, one is Morang, emerging trends in mind it’s mandatory to
and two in Jhapa. Most of the clients are provide pubic awareness regarding the
admitted under medicine department (89.6%) nature of disease, prevention of further
as the disease is cared by doctors of spread and advocacy about availability of
medicine departments being adult patients. services and their utilization among the
public like: HIV testing, screening OPD,
VCT, PMTCT, ART, Management of
opportunistic infection, CD-4 count services
and other services of HIV/AIDS available at
SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 4
5. BPKIHS along with elimination of social 6. Agrwal H, Mourya R, Shrestha RK, Agrwal
stigma so that clients can approach easily at S, Singh GK. Assessment of quality of life of
hospital and will be benefited with available HIV positive individuals at Dharan
facilities. Municipality, 13th annual celebrations
scientific programme abstract book, 2006,
Dharn, Nepal.
References 7. Parakh P, Gupta G, Rizal S. HIV/AIDS
related knowkedge, attitudes and risk
1. AIDS News letter: Quarterly (2061; Asoj). perception amongst health professionals in
Women, Girls, HIV & AIDS, 53:13-17. BPKIHS. 13th annual celebrations scientific
2. Bhardwaj, A., Biswas, R., & Shetty, K.J. programme abstract book, 2006, Dharn,
(2001) HIV in Nepal: Is it rarer or the tip of Nepal.
an iceberg? Trop Doct, 31: 211-213. 8. Impact of HIV/AIDS on Nursing /Mideifery
3. WHO, SERO (1992). Carrying out HIV personnel. ICN Positin( www.ich.ch).
Sentinel Surveillance. 9. Acharya RP, Bhattari MD. HIV/AIDS
4. Vithayachockitikhum, N. (2006) Family prevention and control. J. Nep. Med. Asso.
caregiving of persons living with HIV/AIDS in 1999: 38: 106-108.
Thailand. Caregiver burden, an outcome 10. Asrath U, Sah S, Jha N etal. Awareness and
measure. International Journal of Nursing high risk behaviours among migrant workers
Practice; 12(3): 12 in relation to HIV/AIDS- a study from eastern
5. Aich TK, Dhungana M, Kumar A, Pawha VK. Nepal. SAARC Journals of tuberculosis, lung
Demographic and clinical Profiles of HIV diseases and HIV/AIDS. 2006; III(1): 5-12.
positive cases: A Two-year study report from 11. Joshi AB, Banjara MR, Karki YB, Subedi BK,
a tertiary teaching Hospital. JNMA, 2004, Sharmam M. Status and trends of HIV/AIDS
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SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 5