The document discusses different types of assistive gait devices used in rehabilitation including parallel bars, walkers, axillary crutches, forearm crutches, two canes, and one cane. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each device and provides instructions for properly fitting patients with different devices. Basic gait patterns are also covered including four-point, two-point, three-point, and modified patterns that involve weight bearing on injured lower extremities.
Prosthetic management of different levels of amputationAamirSiddiqui56
In this presentation, i have covered all the basics about levels of amputation. I have mentioned the different levels of amputation and their prosthetic management. Beneficial for those who are in the field of P & O.
A complete description of the lower limb orthosis is available in the following presentation with an in depth understanding of the same.It covers the ankle foot orthosis,Knee orthosis the knee ankle foot orthosis and hip orthosis.
Prosthetic management of different levels of amputationAamirSiddiqui56
In this presentation, i have covered all the basics about levels of amputation. I have mentioned the different levels of amputation and their prosthetic management. Beneficial for those who are in the field of P & O.
A complete description of the lower limb orthosis is available in the following presentation with an in depth understanding of the same.It covers the ankle foot orthosis,Knee orthosis the knee ankle foot orthosis and hip orthosis.
Beneficial for those, who are in the field of P & O.
I have drafted types of orthotic knee joints and their indications. Advancement of orthotic knee joints and their mechanisms.
Advantages & Disadvantages of orthotic knee joints.
Hope this is beneficial for you all.
Beneficial for those who are in the field of rehabilitation. In this presentation, i have covered all the basics of mobility aids, their purposes, types of mobility aids, gait with different types of mobility aids.
Hope this presentation is beneficial for you all.
In this ppt, there is various types of hip orthoses were disscussed according to various types of hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia of hip, legg calve perthes disease, spina bifida, cerebral palsy, lower extremity weakness and paralysis, torsional deformities.
also various types hip orthoses with HKAFOS were discussed from the conventional design to most advanced design like post operative hip orthoses for hip reconstruction surgery etc.
this is my first presentation in my life and i wish to be useful for every one >>
this is talk about the different types of assisted aids in physical therapy rehabilitation
Beneficial for those, who are in the field of P & O.
I have drafted types of orthotic knee joints and their indications. Advancement of orthotic knee joints and their mechanisms.
Advantages & Disadvantages of orthotic knee joints.
Hope this is beneficial for you all.
Beneficial for those who are in the field of rehabilitation. In this presentation, i have covered all the basics of mobility aids, their purposes, types of mobility aids, gait with different types of mobility aids.
Hope this presentation is beneficial for you all.
In this ppt, there is various types of hip orthoses were disscussed according to various types of hip pathologies like developmental dysplasia of hip, legg calve perthes disease, spina bifida, cerebral palsy, lower extremity weakness and paralysis, torsional deformities.
also various types hip orthoses with HKAFOS were discussed from the conventional design to most advanced design like post operative hip orthoses for hip reconstruction surgery etc.
this is my first presentation in my life and i wish to be useful for every one >>
this is talk about the different types of assisted aids in physical therapy rehabilitation
Mobility aids are appliances used to help people who have difficulty in walking.
Each aid gives a varying amount of stability, and accordingly, a varying extent of mobility.
They enable some of the body weight to be supported by the upper limbs and thus build up the stability and thus indirectly the mobility of a patient.
Usually the stability of an aid is inversely proportional to the mobility it can help achieve.
Selection of mobility aid depends upon diagnosis, strength of patients, gait, stability, coordination, vision, psychological factor like enthusiasm to heal, extent of disability, architectural barriers and prognosis of the disease.
It serves as the functions of to reduce weight bearing on injured part or extremity, to reduce pain, to compensate for weak musculature, for visually impaired, to give proprioceptive information and to improve balance along with indicating the bystanders of disability
Casualty lifting is the first step of casualty movement, an early aspect of emergency medical care. It is the procedure used to put the casualty (the patient) on a stretcher.
Developed emergency services use lifting devices, such as scoop stretchers, that allow secured lifting with minimal personnel. Other methods (explained below) can be used when such devices are not available.
Since only stabilised casualties are moved (except in unusual circumstances), the lifting is usually never performed in emergency; emergency movements are sometimes performed to respect the Golden Hour. This depends on the organisation of the medical services and on the specific circumstances.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. Poor balance,
Inability to bear weight on a lower extremity due to fracture or
other injury,
Paralysis involving one or both lower extremities, or
Amputation of a lower extremity.
Aiding circulation,
Preventing calcium loss in bones, and
Aiding the pulmonary and renal systems.
Reasons for using an assistive gait device are:
Advantages to early ambulation following an injury:
3. General Principles
The patient to be carefully evaluated in order to select the appropriate
assistive device to meet the patient’s needs.
The therapist must be aware of the patient’s total medical condition,
weight-bearing status of the involved extremity when considering
which type of assistive device to use with the patient.
The therapist will need to determine the range of motion of the
extremities and the strength of the primary muscles required for
ambulation.
The patient must press downward on the assistive gait device in order
to move the body forward. The scapular, shoulder, and elbow
musculature supports the body’s weight while the non-affected lower
extremity is moved forward. The finger flexors fold the hand-piece of
the assistive gait device.
4. The primary muscles required for ambulation with axillary
crutches, using a three-point (non-weight bearing on one
lower extremity) crutch gait pattern, are the scapula
stabilizers, shoulder depressors, shoulder extensors,
elbow extensors, and finger flexors for the upper
extremity.
The primary lower-extremity muscles in the weight-
bearing lower extremity are the hip extensors, hip
abductors, knee extensors, knee flexors, and ankle dorsi-
flexors. While the patient is standing on the unaffected
lower extremity, the muscles of the hip and knee provide
stability. The ankle dorsi-flexors position the foot so that it
can clear the floor when the limb is swinging forward
5.
6.
7. Types of assistive gait devices
When choosing an assistive gait device, the therapist
considers the amount of support the patient will need and
the patient’s ability to manipulate the device.
The selection of an assistive gait device is based on the
patient’s disability, coordination, and stability.
For example, you may have two patients with the same
type of fracture. One of the patients may use crutches if
he or she has adequate stability and coordination to
safely use them. The other patient may require a walker
due to poor stability and coordination.
As the patient’s abilities improve, they may advance to an
assistive device providing less stability and support for
easier maneuverability.
8. Types of assistive gait devices:
Assistive gait devices are designed to improve the
patient’s stability by increasing the base of support.
The categories of assistive ambulation devices, in order
from greatest to least amount of support, are:
Parallel bars,
Walkers,
Axillary crutches,
Forearm (Loftstrand) crutches,
Two canes, and
One cane.
All categories of assistive gait devices are adjustable and come in
tall, adult, and child sizes. Additionally, a special platform can be
attached to walkers or axillary crutches for patients who are unable to
bear weight through the hand, wrist, or forearm.
9. Parallel bars )1
Parallel bars are used when maximal patient support and stability are
required.
The gait pattern can be practiced in parallel bars and the fit of the
assistive device can be checked.
The parallel bars limit mobility. So once the patient becomes proficient
with the appropriate gait pattern, the patient must be progressed to
another assistive gait device to be mobile.
Care must be taken so that the patient does not become dependent
on the parallel bars.
The parallel bar height needs to be adjusted to provide 15 to 20
degrees of elbow flexion when the patient is standing erect and is
grasping the bars about 6 inches anterior to the hips. The bars need
to be approximately 2 inches wider than the patient’s hips when the
patient is centered between the bars.
10.
11. Walkers )2
Walkers provide maximum stability and support and allow
the patient to be mobile.
Walkers are designed in many styles, but all have four
legs.
Some may have two or four wheels.
Wheels allow the patient to gently push the device forward
as opposed to picking the walker up to move it forward.
Another variation in the design of the walker is the ability
to fold the walker when it is not being used. This feature
allows for easier transportation in a car and for storage.
12.
13. :Disadvantages of using walkers
Walkers are cumbersome and difficult to store and
transport.
Walkers are very difficult to use on stairs.
Walkers reduce the speed of ambulation.
The patient is unable to use a normal gait pattern by using
walker.
To properly fit a patient with a walker, adjust the height of
the walker so that the patient has between 15 and 25
degrees of elbow flexion when grasping the handles of the
walker.
14. Axillary crutches )3
Axillary crutches are used with patients who do not
require as much stability or support as provided by a
walker.
Axillary crutches allow the patient to perform a greater
variety of gait patterns and ambulate at a faster pace.
15. :Disadvantages of axillary crutches
Axillary crutches are less stable than walker.
Improper use of axillary crutches can cause injury to the
neurovascular structures in the axillary region.
Axillary crutches require good standing balance by the patient.
Geriatric patient may fell insecure or may not have the
necessary upper- body strength to use axillary crutches.
16.
17. To properly fit a patient with axillary crutches, both the
length of the crutches and the height of the hand piece
must be properly adjusted.
The length of the axillary crutch should be adjusted so the
therapist can fit two or three fingers between the top of
the axillary crutch and the patient’s axilla.
When standing, the tips of the crutches should be
approximately 6 inches from the toes of the patient’s
shoes at a 45-degree angle.
The handpiece of the axillary crutch should be adjusted
so the patient has 15 to 25 degrees of elbow flexion.
18. Forearm crutches )4
Forearm crutches (Loftstrand or Canadian crutches) are
used when the patient need crutches permanently, or for
long periods of time.
People who use Loftstand crutches must have the stability
and coordination to use them.
Using forearm crutches requires no more energy,
increased oxygen consumption or heart rate than axillary
crutches.
This type of crutch has the advantage of being easily
stored and transferred.
There is no risk of injury to the neurovascular structures in
the axillary region when using this type of crutches.
19. :Disadvantages of forearm crutches
Forearm crutches are less stable than a walker.
They require good standing balance and upper-body
strength.
Geriatric patient sometimes feel insecure with these
crutches.
They may not have the necessary upper-body strength to
use forearm crutches.
20.
21.
22. have the patient stand with arms hanging loosely by the
side.
Place the crutch parallel to the lateral aspect of the tibia
and femur.
Adjust the height of the hand-piece so that it is level with
the ulnar styloid process. This will insure the elbow is
flexed between 15 and 25 degrees.
The top of the forearm cuff should be adjusted so that it is
located 1 to 1.5 inches distal to the olecranon process of
the elbow while the patient is grasping the hand-piece of
the crutch with the wrist in neutral flexion-extension.
To fit the patient with forearm crutches:
23. Canes )5
Canes are used to compensate for impaired balance or to
increase stability while ambulating.
There are several styles of canes but the standard is
known as the J cane.
A cane is functional on stairs and in confined areas.
It is also easily stored and transported.
24.
25. Disadvantage of a cane
It provides limited support due to its small base of support.
have the patient stand and place the can parallel to the lateral
aspect of the tibia and femur.
Adjust the hand piece of the cane so it is level with the ulnar
styloid process.
This will provide 15 to 25 degrees of elbow flexion when the
patient grasps the handle of the cane.
To fit a patient with a cane:
26. Basic gait patterns
The selection of the proper gait pattern is dependent
upon the patient’s
balance,
strength,
coordination,
functional needs, and
weight-bearing status.
27. Four-point gait pattern .1
A four-point gait pattern is used when the patient requires
maximum assistance with balance.
It requires the use of bilateral assistive gait devices
(canes or crutches).
The pattern begins with the forward movement of one of
the assistive gait devices, and then the contralateral lower
extremity, the other assistive gait device, and finally the
opposite lower extremity (e.g., right cane, then left foot;
left cane, then right foot). This is a slow gait pattern, but a
stable one.
28. Two-point gait pattern .2
The two-point gait pattern requires the use of bilateral
assistive gait devices.
This pattern is faster than the four-point gait.
The two-point gait pattern closely approximates a normal
gait pattern and should be encouraged.
This pattern does require the patient to coordinate moving
an assistive gait device and the contralateral lower
extremity at the same time.
This pattern is less stable than the four-point pattern.
29. Modified four-point and two-point Gait .3
patterns
The modified four-point and two-point gait patterns require
only one assistive gait device.
The assistive device is used with the opposite upper
extremity to the involved lower extremity, if possible.
This widens the base of support, increase stride lengths,
cadence, and walking velocities than when using the cane
on the same side as the involved lower extremity.
30. Three-point gait pattern .4
The three-point pattern requires two crutches or a walker,
but it cannot be performed with two canes.
This pattern is used when the patient is only able to bear
full weight on one lower extremity.
When using axillary crutches and a three-point gait
pattern, between 44.4 and 49 percent of the patient’s
body weight is transmitted through the upper extremities.
So the strength of the upper extremities and uninvolved
lower extremity must be assessed prior to attempting
ambulation.
The energy cost (oxygen consumption) for this type of gait
is about twice as high as normal walking.
31. The walker or crutches are moved forward first. Next, the
involved lower extremity is advanced.
Then the patient presses down on the assistive gait
device and advances the uninvolved lower extremity.
If the uninvolved lower extremity is advanced to where it
is parallel to the involved lower extremity, then this would
be a “swing to” pattern.
If the uninvolved lower extremity is advanced ahead of the
uninvolved lower extremity, then this would be a “swing
through” pattern.
32. Modified three-point gait pattern .5
The modified three-point gait pattern requires two
This pattern is used when the patient can bear full
This is known as touchdown weight bearing (TDWB).
The term “partial weight bearing” (PWB) refers to
crutches or a walker.
weight with one lower extremity but is only allowed to
touch the involved lower extremity to the floor.
when the involved lower extremity is allowed only part
of the patient’s weight to be transferred through it.
33. In this pattern, the walker or crutches are advanced first,
and then the involved lower extremity is advanced
forward. The patient presses down on the assistive gait
device and advances the uninvolved lower extremity using
either a “swing to” or “swing through” pattern.