The document discusses modern instructional strategies for teaching mathematics, including cooperative learning, collaborative learning, concept mapping, simulation, and gradation. It explains that these strategies help students build declarative, procedural, and conceptual knowledge in mathematics. Specific techniques are described, such as using small groups in cooperative learning and visual diagrams in concept mapping. The conclusion states that these strategies can help all students, including those struggling with math, to better understand concepts.
The path of learning requires that students demonstrate the mastery of both skills and concepts in any class. In the traditional model of mastery in higher education, both formative and summative assessments are conducted via a rigid set of assignments, activities, and tests that require all students to perform the same set of skills for each concept mastery demonstration. The idea of choice in the classroom is a concept of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and while choice can be easily produced for content delivery (text, audio, video, interactive materials), assessment of both skills and concept mastery is not addressed in most classrooms. This leads to the development of homogenous courses and assignments where many students show objective mastery via exams and subjective mastery via writing. Students can be given choice on their demonstration of mastery without undue burden on the faculty member while also creating increased mastery of skills important to their respective fields. In business, a fungible asset is one that is mutually interchangeable. In this case, I am applying the concept of fungibility to learning assessment. Faculty can give students choice; but, in order to create fungible assignments that do not, faculty must ensure that proper design of instruction and assessment is used. In order to facilitate the assessment of fungible assignments, faculty must be able to create clear and concise criteria for assessment that tie directly to objectives for learning. Allowing students to choose how they show their knowledge of concepts and mastery of skills gives them control over their learning and ultimately improving educational outcomes.
The path of learning requires that students demonstrate the mastery of both skills and concepts in any class. In the traditional model of mastery in higher education, both formative and summative assessments are conducted via a rigid set of assignments, activities, and tests that require all students to perform the same set of skills for each concept mastery demonstration. The idea of choice in the classroom is a concept of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and while choice can be easily produced for content delivery (text, audio, video, interactive materials), assessment of both skills and concept mastery is not addressed in most classrooms. This leads to the development of homogenous courses and assignments where many students show objective mastery via exams and subjective mastery via writing. Students can be given choice on their demonstration of mastery without undue burden on the faculty member while also creating increased mastery of skills important to their respective fields. In business, a fungible asset is one that is mutually interchangeable. In this case, I am applying the concept of fungibility to learning assessment. Faculty can give students choice; but, in order to create fungible assignments that do not, faculty must ensure that proper design of instruction and assessment is used. In order to facilitate the assessment of fungible assignments, faculty must be able to create clear and concise criteria for assessment that tie directly to objectives for learning. Allowing students to choose how they show their knowledge of concepts and mastery of skills gives them control over their learning and ultimately improving educational outcomes.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
"Inductive & Deductive method" is one of the child centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference.
2017 SMTULSA Social Business Conference Sponsorship OpportunitiesCheryl Lawson
Become a Sponsor Partner
Sponsoring SMTULSA Conference, your brand will have the opportunity to showcase your brand as a resource for our attendees and network with a regionally focused and socially connected audience.
Select from one of our unique sponsorship opportunities or let our team of creative marketers create a custom interactive sponsorship activation for your brand.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
"Inductive & Deductive method" is one of the child centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference.
2017 SMTULSA Social Business Conference Sponsorship OpportunitiesCheryl Lawson
Become a Sponsor Partner
Sponsoring SMTULSA Conference, your brand will have the opportunity to showcase your brand as a resource for our attendees and network with a regionally focused and socially connected audience.
Select from one of our unique sponsorship opportunities or let our team of creative marketers create a custom interactive sponsorship activation for your brand.
HP Anytime enables HP GAS customers to book refills and obtain confirmation round-the -clock seamlessly without any difficulty such as engaged telephones, restricted working hours,
http://goo.gl/hxZuT1
Pink Slime. The Boy Scouts of America. Trayvon Martin. Each of these news stories started with an online petition that led to real, tangible impact. Each represents the power that people and organizations have today to engage and motivate hundreds and thousands of supporters to take action. The internet, social networks and mobile technology provide an unprecedented opportunity to increase the efficiency and impact of the time proven model of collective action, but you still need a story. Learn lessons from Change.org about how to not only tell a good story, but how to tell the right story.
Takeaways:
> Key elements of online campaigns that tell an engaging story for your cause, campaign or organization
> How to tell the right story to meet your objectives and align with your campaign strategies
> Overview of tactics to motivate supporters and create the biggest impact with your story, such as online petitions, social media, email, SMS, etc.
This webinar was presented on Tuesday, June 11 as part of the Tech Tuesday webinar series for nonprofits at 4good.org.
Slides 17-23 on storytelling narratives courtesy of Kate Stayman-London (http://katestaymanlondon.com).
Webinar de la marca Patton explicando las funcionalidades de los SBC ESBR y escenarios de uso
All IP Networks – EOL for ISDN
Survivability, Service Demarcation, QoS
VoIP Security
VoIP Encryption, SIP TLS SRTP, Network topology hiding
IP Routing Performance
IP Routing Performance for multi service application
Ease of use
Simple configuration, deployment
Pricing
Price-value ratio
Virdatint Distributed Data Virtualization Basics_2.6Virdatint
Virdatint’s unique comprehensive Distributed Data Virtualization, Integration, Analytics and Security platform, bridges the gap between customer-facing operational systems and MDM, CRM, BPM, BI and analytics in near real-time, to grow revenue and decrease costs. Because it leverages existing architectures and systems, leaves data in-place, and offers a unique approach to indexing, link mapping and analysis, implementation is rapid and the resulting operational costs are low.
If you have created a ZeeMaps map and you want to embed it in a twinspace page but you don't know how, follow the 7 easy steps of this tutorial to succeed it.
è un elenco di libri e di film che ritengo importante per una biblioteca dedicata alla matematica ed al suo insegnamento dai 6 ai 101 anni. Questo è l'aggiornamento al mese di MAGGIO 2016.
2017 B2C Content Marketing Benchmarks, Budgets, and TrendsMarketingProfs
Our fifth annual B2C content marketing report is here. Sponsored by Hightail, this report shows where B2C marketers will spend their budget, how much budget businesses are allocating to content marketing efforts, and what kind of strategies we will see in 2017.
Running head TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION 1TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATIO.docxtodd521
Running head: TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION 1
TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION 8
Technology In Education
Lauren Klevis
Strayer University
EDU 533
Dr. Manuel B Johnican, Sr
February 15, 2020
Introduction
In the current world, schools have embraced technology in many ways that have eased the processes, delivery, and propagation of knowledge; technology has assisted institutions and made communication efficient and effective. I firmly believe that implementation of technology in schools and classrooms will improve the quality of education and makes learning more attractive to students, technology is not static and implementing it in education sector makes students get to know the current and develop skills to cope with new ones that he or she might meet in the job market, the objective of this paper is to focus on use of technology in schools and classrooms and its benefits it can accrue when fully implemented (Clark,2015). This is an essential objective since technology forms a significant part of our daily lives, and it is necessary for the students to have positive attitudes towards it early. This will enable them to adapt better in their lives outside school and consequently become more productive individuals in society.
Three Learning instructional strategies
Instructional strategies require that teachers require some experience and at least know the student's way of learning, his or her interest, this is quite necessary since it makes them know leaner development levels, making this such decision requires student assessment which is linked to the learning goals and the processes of learning. This kind of strategy can be categorized into five, which relate to each other.
Direct instruction strategy is commonly used and is mainly based on the direct engagement of the teacher and the student. This method may include plain teaching where teachers engaged student directly, and it is also include lecturing, drilling, and demonstrations, this method is effective and good enough to provide sufficient information as well as developing skills step by step hence help students construct knowledge, applying technology with his strategy can help the teacher to introduced other teaching methods, effective direct instructional strategy is more complicated than it appears. The use of technology in this would make it a bit dull to use.
Instructional strategies appropriate for the project
Indirect Instructional strategy unlike to direct instructional strategy indirect instructional is significantly student-centered, in this method, it majorly involve in decision making and problem-solving, indirect instruction may be used effectively with the proper application of technology in situations of attitudes and values of students are desired and also when ego involvement and intrinsic motivation are and when long-lasting learning ability is desired. Indirect instruction tends to acquire a high degree standard of participation in making proper investigation, ob.
Running head TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION 1TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATIO.docxjeanettehully
Running head: TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION 1
TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION 8
Technology In Education
Lauren Klevis
Strayer University
EDU 533
Dr. Manuel B Johnican, Sr
February 15, 2020
Introduction
In the current world, schools have embraced technology in many ways that have eased the processes, delivery, and propagation of knowledge; technology has assisted institutions and made communication efficient and effective. I firmly believe that implementation of technology in schools and classrooms will improve the quality of education and makes learning more attractive to students, technology is not static and implementing it in education sector makes students get to know the current and develop skills to cope with new ones that he or she might meet in the job market, the objective of this paper is to focus on use of technology in schools and classrooms and its benefits it can accrue when fully implemented (Clark,2015). This is an essential objective since technology forms a significant part of our daily lives, and it is necessary for the students to have positive attitudes towards it early. This will enable them to adapt better in their lives outside school and consequently become more productive individuals in society.
Three Learning instructional strategies
Instructional strategies require that teachers require some experience and at least know the student's way of learning, his or her interest, this is quite necessary since it makes them know leaner development levels, making this such decision requires student assessment which is linked to the learning goals and the processes of learning. This kind of strategy can be categorized into five, which relate to each other.
Direct instruction strategy is commonly used and is mainly based on the direct engagement of the teacher and the student. This method may include plain teaching where teachers engaged student directly, and it is also include lecturing, drilling, and demonstrations, this method is effective and good enough to provide sufficient information as well as developing skills step by step hence help students construct knowledge, applying technology with his strategy can help the teacher to introduced other teaching methods, effective direct instructional strategy is more complicated than it appears. The use of technology in this would make it a bit dull to use.
Instructional strategies appropriate for the project
Indirect Instructional strategy unlike to direct instructional strategy indirect instructional is significantly student-centered, in this method, it majorly involve in decision making and problem-solving, indirect instruction may be used effectively with the proper application of technology in situations of attitudes and values of students are desired and also when ego involvement and intrinsic motivation are and when long-lasting learning ability is desired. Indirect instruction tends to acquire a high degree standard of participation in making proper investigation, ob ...
Running Head: INTERVENTION 1
INTERVENTION
Name
Institutional affiliation
Date
INTERVENTION 2
Struggling students in mathematics need some intervention strategies to help them develop
positive attitude towards math and improve their performance. Tutors however need to connect
with their students. Establishing a good relationship with your students will enable them open up
on the areas they are facing problems. (Morin & Raver 2017). I have continued to work with my
mentor teacher in creating an intervention plan for the 15 students who had struggles in solving
math problems in clinical field experience B.
We have identified different levels of intervention strategies. They will help students in
understanding the context, apply them in solving multi-step math problems. The strategies will
also guide me in content delivery. In clinical field B we had looked at two intervention strategies;
monitoring the students progress and giving feedback them feedback in order to motivate them to
continue with the spirit of working hard. (Rubie-Davies & Rosenthal 2015). I have given the
students the assignments that they are supposed to tackle so that I can observe their progress. For
this lesson I have identified other three intervention strategies that will help students in tackling
multi-step mathematical problems.
The first intervention strategy for struggling students is providing students with rich ideas
during math lesson. This will help students to fully understand the context and get knowledge on
how to handle math procedures. The second strategy is providing step by step instructions to help
the struggling students know how to tackle problems in each step. Clear instructions are important
since they make math language easier. Last, practicing basic facts. I will guide them on how to
handle arithmetic daily during their free time to get used to math problems. (Morin & Raver 2017).
This will increase their confidence and speed hence overall performance improvement. I will use
these strategies even in my future professional practice to motivate my students to getting higher
grades.
INTERVENTION 3
However, I need materials and procedures for better implementation of the intervention
strategies. I will need various mathematical textbooks in order to learn different ideas on helping
struggling students. In the second strategy of providing clear instructions to students, I will need
visual aids like projectors. This will help me in ...
Helping students learn subject matter involves more than the delivery of facts and information. The goal of teaching is to assist students in developing intellectual resources to enable them to participate in, not merely to know about, the major domains of human thought and inquiry.
These include the past and its relation to the present; the natural world; the ideas, beliefs, and values of our own and other peoples; the dimensions of space and quantity; aesthetics and representation; and so on.
Running Head LEADERSHIP AND COLLABORATION IN TEACHING .docxwlynn1
Running Head: LEADERSHIP AND COLLABORATION IN TEACHING 1
LEADERSHIP AND COLLABORATION IN TEACHING
Name
Institutional affiliation
Date
LEADERSHIP AND COLLABORATION IN TEACHING 2
Students with disabilities need special attention when it comes to learning. Inclusive
learning has been adopted by many teachers across the world. This is where they would prefer
students with disabilities to learn in general classrooms alongside with non-disabled students.
Special education teachers should serve as leaders who assists general education teachers in
learning the needs of the students with disabilities. (Mulholland & O'Connor 2016). And how they
are supposed to be treated in order to have a good understanding of subjects as mathematics.
The teachers have an opportunity to demonstrate collaborative leadership and make sure
that students are satisfied from their mode of teaching. Team teaching is important in inclusive
learning. It helps special needs children have social interactions with their peers hence gaining
positivity. There have been collaboration models that teachers are using in order to be successful
in their activities and satisfying the needs of the students.
The learning center collaboration model is important as different teachers gather in a room
where students are arranged into groups. Special needs students help in giving instructions to other
teachers on how to handle the mild disabled students. The other model is the alternative
collaboration setting where special education teachers may work with paraeducators and ensure
that the student programs are followed. (De Melendez & Beck 2018). Students are divided into
small groups hence getting a chance with their instructors one on one. Inclusive learning will give
a chance to the mild disabled students to learn how to solve mathematical problems easily. This is
because they are interacting with other students under good guidance from different teachers and
paraeducators.
Teachers should adopt ways to come up with a safe and inclusive environment to students
with disabilities. They should encourage all students to be one’s keeper even outside classrooms.
This way, students who are fast learners will help students with mild disabilities to solve
LEADERSHIP AND COLLABORATION IN TEACHING 3
mathematical problems. Second, they should encourage students based on life experiences. Show
them that anything is achievable when it comes to the real world. (Ismail & Muhammad 2018). By
doing this, teachers will help in creating an environment which is culturally responsive with good
social interactions and better learning activities.
Team teaching may .
https://jst.org.in/index.html
Our journal has academic journals form a crucial nexus. Educators leverage the latest research findings to enrich their teaching methodologies, ensuring that students are exposed to the most current and relevant information. Simultaneously, these educators contribute to the body of knowledge through their own research, creating a perpetual cycle of growth.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. BMM II TRAINING COLLEGE
KOTTARAKARA
MODERN INSTRUCTIONAL
STRATEGIES FOR LEARNIG
MATHEMATICS
Submitted to: Submitted by
Prinsamma K George Sree Lekshmi .S
B.Ed Mathematics
Reg No : 18014350015
Submitted on:
01-10-2015
3. Index
Sl No Context Page No
1
Introduction
1
2 Content 2-8
3 Conclusion 9
4 References
10
4. 1
INTRODUCTION
Most people agree that a major goal of schooling to be the development of
student understands of basic mathematical concepts and procedures. All students
including those with disabilities and those at risk of school failure need to acquire
the knowledge and skills that will enable them to figure out math related problems
that they encounter daily at home and in future work situation.
To better understand how to enhance mathematical thinking and learning in
today’s students, especially students with math difficulty, we must first understand
the nature of mathematical knowledge. A variety of techniques are available to
enhance student’s mathematical competency by building their declarative,
procedural and conceptual knowledge.
Many students do not make direct conceptual links between concrete and
tangible mathematical concepts do not grasp representations of those concepts or
relationships and struggle to make the link from representation to abstraction. To
overcome the problem modern instructional strategies are established.
5. 2
MODERN INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING
MATHEMATICS
Modern instructional strategies including cooperative learning strategies,
collaborative learning, concept mapping.
Cooperative learning
Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each
with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve
their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for
learning what is taught but also for helping teammates, learn, thus creating an atmosphere
of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members
successfully understand and complete it. The main elements of cooperative learning are
1. Positive Interdependence
2. Fate to face interaction
3. Individual & group accountability
4. Interpersonal & small group skills
5. Group Processing
Advantages of cooperative learning
Promote student learning and academic achievement
Increase student relation
Enhance students satisfaction with their learning experience
Help Students develop skills in oral communication
Develop student’s social skills
7. 4
Collaborative learning
Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that
involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or
create a product. Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally
social act in which the participants talk among themselves. It is through the talk that
learning occurs.
Collaborative Learning is a relationship among learners that requires positive
interdependence, individual accountability, interpersonal skills, face-to-face promotive
interaction, and processing.
Elements of collaborative learning
Positive interdependence
Individual and group accountability
Interpersonal and small group skills
Face-to-face promotive interaction
Group processing
Advantages of collaborative learning
Develops higher level thinking skills
Promote students – faculty interaction and familiarity
Increase student retention
Promotes a positive attitude towards the subject matter
9. 6
Concept Mapping
A concept map is a diagram showing the relationship among concepts. They are
graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge. Concepts, usually represented
as boxes or circles are connected with labeled arrows in a downward branching
hierarchical structure. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking
phrase such as gives rise to, result in the technique for visualizing these relationships
among different concepts is called conceptual mapping. Concept maps are graphical tools
for organizing and representing knowledge. They include concepts, usually enclosed in
circles or boxes of some type and relationship between concepts indicated by a
connecting line linking two concepts.
Another characteristic of conceptual maps is that the concepts are represented in a
hierarchical fashion with the most inclusive, most general concepts at the top of the map
and the most specific, less general concepts arranged hierarchically below. Another
important characteristic of concept map is the inclusion of cross-links. These are
relationships or links between concepts in different segments or domains of the concept
map. Cross-links help us see how a concept in one domain of knowledge represented on
the map is related to a concept in another domain shown on the map. Concept maps are
widely used in education for new knowledge creation.
10. 7
Simulation
Simulation is an accurate representation of realistic situation. The international
dictionary of education defines the term as teaching technique used perticularly in
management education and training in which a real life situation.
Simulations promote concept allainmnet through experimental practice.
Simulations are effective at helping students understand the naunses of a concept or
circumstance. Students are often more deeply involved in simulations than other
activities. Science they are living the activity the opportunity exists for increased
engagement.
Advantage
Enjoyable, motivating activity
Element of reality of compatible with principle of constructivism
Promote crucial thinking
Disadvantage
Preparation time
Cost can be an issue
Assessment is more complex than some traditional teaching methods
Gradations
For effective teaching, concepts should be introduced step by step. This is called
gradation. For students, to discover mathematical principle by their own, it must be
presented in a gradation way. The teaching should be proceeding from simple to
complex. This teaching technique is good for gradation. Psychologically this is very
important principle if complex concepts introduce from the beginning, that teaches will
be ineffective. That will affect student confidence level and it makes concept allainment
11. 8
more difficult. More over they can’t understand on hewistic method by their own.
Gradation is not included n subject that also include in teaching learning process. Like
concrete to abstract, simple to complex, empirical to rational and known to unknown etc.
These all gradation principles are used in teacher’s learning process. These all gradation
principles are also known as maxims of teaching. A good teacher should be quite familiar
with them.
12. 9
CONCLUSION
Modern instructional strategies have become an important way for teachers to
ensure that all students succeed in today’s high stakes testing environment. Helping
students who are struggling with mathematics requires teachers to choose an appropriate
time and strategy. Without a systematic modern instructional strategy this can be a
challenge for teachers who have multiple students in need of help.
13. 10
REFERENCE
1. Mathematics Education : Dr. K. Sivarajan
2. Aggarwal .J.C. Principles, methods & techniques of teaching
3. Mangal.S.K Teaching of mathematics
4. www.educationscotland.gov.uk/thecurriculum/howisthecurriculumorgani
5. Dr. Soman .Km Dr. Sivarajan .K – Methodology of teaching and pedagogic
analysis – Calicut: University of Calicut,- 2009
