The document discusses modern instructional strategies for teaching mathematics, including cooperative learning, collaborative learning, concept mapping, and simulations. It explains that these strategies help students develop mathematical concepts by building their declarative, procedural and conceptual knowledge. Specifically, it outlines the key elements and advantages of each strategy to enhance student learning and achievement in mathematics.

1. ONLINE ASSIGNMENT

2. BMM II TRAINING COLLEGE
KOTTARAKARA
MODERN INSTRUCTIONAL
STRATEGIES FOR LEARNIG
MATHEMATICS
Submitted to: Submitted by
Prinsamma K George Sree Lekshmi .S
B.Ed Mathematics
Reg No : 18014350015
Submitted on:
01-10-2015

3. Index
Sl No Context Page No
1
Introduction
1
2 Content 2-8
3 Conclusion 9
4 References
10

4. 1
INTRODUCTION
Most people agree that a major goal of schooling to be the development of
student understands of basic mathematical concepts and procedures. All students
including those with disabilities and those at risk of school failure need to acquire
the knowledge and skills that will enable them to figure out math related problems
that they encounter daily at home and in future work situation.
To better understand how to enhance mathematical thinking and learning in
today’s students, especially students with math difficulty, we must first understand
the nature of mathematical knowledge. A variety of techniques are available to
enhance student’s mathematical competency by building their declarative,
procedural and conceptual knowledge.
Many students do not make direct conceptual links between concrete and
tangible mathematical concepts do not grasp representations of those concepts or
relationships and struggle to make the link from representation to abstraction. To
overcome the problem modern instructional strategies are established.

5. 2
MODERN INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING
MATHEMATICS
Modern instructional strategies including cooperative learning strategies,
collaborative learning, concept mapping.
Cooperative learning
Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each
with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve
their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for
learning what is taught but also for helping teammates, learn, thus creating an atmosphere
of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members
successfully understand and complete it. The main elements of cooperative learning are
1. Positive Interdependence
2. Fate to face interaction
3. Individual & group accountability
4. Interpersonal & small group skills
5. Group Processing
Advantages of cooperative learning
 Promote student learning and academic achievement
 Increase student relation
 Enhance students satisfaction with their learning experience
 Help Students develop skills in oral communication
 Develop student’s social skills

6.
3

7. 4
Collaborative learning
Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that
involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or
create a product. Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally
social act in which the participants talk among themselves. It is through the talk that
learning occurs.
Collaborative Learning is a relationship among learners that requires positive
interdependence, individual accountability, interpersonal skills, face-to-face promotive
interaction, and processing.
 Elements of collaborative learning
 Positive interdependence
 Individual and group accountability
 Interpersonal and small group skills
 Face-to-face promotive interaction
 Group processing
Advantages of collaborative learning
 Develops higher level thinking skills
 Promote students – faculty interaction and familiarity
 Increase student retention
 Promotes a positive attitude towards the subject matter

8.
5

9. 6
Concept Mapping
A concept map is a diagram showing the relationship among concepts. They are
graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge. Concepts, usually represented
as boxes or circles are connected with labeled arrows in a downward branching
hierarchical structure. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking
phrase such as gives rise to, result in the technique for visualizing these relationships
among different concepts is called conceptual mapping. Concept maps are graphical tools
for organizing and representing knowledge. They include concepts, usually enclosed in
circles or boxes of some type and relationship between concepts indicated by a
connecting line linking two concepts.
Another characteristic of conceptual maps is that the concepts are represented in a
hierarchical fashion with the most inclusive, most general concepts at the top of the map
and the most specific, less general concepts arranged hierarchically below. Another
important characteristic of concept map is the inclusion of cross-links. These are
relationships or links between concepts in different segments or domains of the concept
map. Cross-links help us see how a concept in one domain of knowledge represented on
the map is related to a concept in another domain shown on the map. Concept maps are
widely used in education for new knowledge creation.

10. 7
Simulation
Simulation is an accurate representation of realistic situation. The international
dictionary of education defines the term as teaching technique used perticularly in
management education and training in which a real life situation.
Simulations promote concept allainmnet through experimental practice.
Simulations are effective at helping students understand the naunses of a concept or
circumstance. Students are often more deeply involved in simulations than other
activities. Science they are living the activity the opportunity exists for increased
engagement.
Advantage
 Enjoyable, motivating activity
 Element of reality of compatible with principle of constructivism
 Promote crucial thinking
Disadvantage
 Preparation time
 Cost can be an issue
 Assessment is more complex than some traditional teaching methods
Gradations
For effective teaching, concepts should be introduced step by step. This is called
gradation. For students, to discover mathematical principle by their own, it must be
presented in a gradation way. The teaching should be proceeding from simple to
complex. This teaching technique is good for gradation. Psychologically this is very
important principle if complex concepts introduce from the beginning, that teaches will
be ineffective. That will affect student confidence level and it makes concept allainment

11. 8
more difficult. More over they can’t understand on hewistic method by their own.
Gradation is not included n subject that also include in teaching learning process. Like
concrete to abstract, simple to complex, empirical to rational and known to unknown etc.
These all gradation principles are used in teacher’s learning process. These all gradation
principles are also known as maxims of teaching. A good teacher should be quite familiar
with them.

12. 9
CONCLUSION
Modern instructional strategies have become an important way for teachers to
ensure that all students succeed in today’s high stakes testing environment. Helping
students who are struggling with mathematics requires teachers to choose an appropriate
time and strategy. Without a systematic modern instructional strategy this can be a
challenge for teachers who have multiple students in need of help.

13. 10
REFERENCE
1. Mathematics Education : Dr. K. Sivarajan
2. Aggarwal .J.C. Principles, methods & techniques of teaching
3. Mangal.S.K Teaching of mathematics
4. www.educationscotland.gov.uk/thecurriculum/howisthecurriculumorgani
5. Dr. Soman .Km Dr. Sivarajan .K – Methodology of teaching and pedagogic
analysis – Calicut: University of Calicut,- 2009