Learning Principles

1. LEARNING PRINCIPLES
Students’ prior knowledge can
help or hinder learning.
How students organize knowledge
influences how they learn and
apply what they know.
Students’ motivation determines,
directs, and sustains what they do
to learn.
To develop mastery, students must
acquire component skills, practice
integrating them, and know when
to apply what they have learned.
Goal-directed practice coupled with
targeted feedback enhances the
quality of students’ learning.
Students’ current level of
development interacts with the
social, emotional, and intellectual
climate of the course to impact
learning.
To become self-directed learners,
students must learn to monitor and
adjust their approaches to learning.

2. Learning is a process, not a
product; but because this
process takes place in the mind,
we can only infer that it has
occurred from students’
products or performances.
LEARNING
LEARNING
LEARNING
LEARNING
LEARNING
Learning is not something done
to students, but rather
something students
themselves do. It is the direct
result of how students interpret
and respond to their
experiences.

3. are fundamental concepts or
guidelines that inform the
design, implementation, and
assessment of educational
experiences.
The principles of learning provide
additional insight into what makes
people learn most effectively.
LEARNING
PRINCIPLES

4. Students’ prior knowledge
can help or hinder learning.
Prior knowledge can serve as
a foundation for new learning
or act as a barrier if it is
inconsistent with the new
information being presented.

5. STUDENT A STUDENT B
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ON
BASIC MATH OPERATIONS
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ON
BASIC MATH OPERATIONS
CORRECT INCORRECT
EFFECT: EASY LEARNING ON NEW TOPIC
“ALGEBRA”
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE : FOUNDATION
EFFECT: HAD DIFFICULTIES LEARNING NEW
TOPIC “ALGEBRA”
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE : HINDRANCE
To help students learn well, we need to figure out
what they already know before teaching them. If
their existing knowledge is not quite right, it can
make learning difficult. So, we should identify and

6. How students organize
knowledge influences how
how they learn and apply
what they know.
This principle recognizes that the
organization of information in a
student's mind affects their ability
to understand and use that
knowledge

7. STUDENT A STUDENT B
EXPERT in organizing knowledge : know a lot
more and have organized knowledge in their
minds
BEGINNERin organizing knowledge : May
struggle because they don't see these
patterns yet
This helps them make connections between
what they already know and new
information, making learning easier
It may take time to make connections
between what they already know and new
information, making learning a struggle
EFFECT: Easy EFFECT: Difficult
To help them learn better, we should focus on explaining main
ideas and overall patterns instead of overwhelming them with
a lot of facts.

8. Students’ motivation
determines, directs, and
sustains what they do to
learn.
Motivation plays a crucial role
in driving and sustaining the
learning process.

9. To develop mastery, students must
acquire component skills, practice
integrating them, and know when to
apply what they have learned.
Mastery involves not
only acquiring basic
skills but also
integrating and
applying them in

10. Goal-directed
practice coupled
with targeted
feedback enhances
the quality of
students’ learning.

11. Students’ current level
of development interacts
interacts with the social,
emotional, and
intellectual climate of the
course to impact
learning.
The learning environment,
including social,
emotional, and intellectual

12. To become self-directed learners, students
must learn to monitor and adjust their
approaches to learning.
Encouraging students to
take responsibility for their
learning involves teaching
them to monitor their
progress and adjust their
strategies as needed.

13. Modern teaching methods
that are being adopted in
Schools

14. Classrooms are being
equipped with
technology.
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

15. Evaluations are
being done at all
stages
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

16. Crossover learning
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

17. Focus more on an
understanding of
concepts
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

18. Skill development and
values development are
put in the most crucial
place.
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

19. Interactive
whiteboards
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

20. Collaborative
learning
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

21. Emphasis on
practical
knowledge more
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

22. Activity-based and
gaming-based
learning
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

23. Activity-based and gaming-based learning
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

24. Integrative and
research-based
learnings
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

25. Use of the
Internet and
web
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

26. Flipped
Classroom
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

27. Problem-based
learning
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

28. Problem-based learning
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

29. Learner-centered
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

30. VAK
Visual, Audio,
Kinesthetic
learning
Modern teaching methods that are being adopted in Schools

31. Modern teaching
methods that are being
adopted in Schools
✓Classrooms are being equipped with technology.
✓Evaluations are being done at all stages.
✓Crossover learning.
✓Focus more on an understanding of concepts.
✓Skill development and values development are put in
the most crucial place.
✓Interactive whiteboards.
✓Collaborative learning
✓Emphasis on practical knowledge
✓Activity-based and gaming-based learning.
✓Integrative and research-based learnings.
✓Use of the internet and web.
✓Flipped Classroom
✓Problem-based learning
✓Learner-centered.
✓VAK learning.

32. TEACHING
METHOD
It is limited
to the
presentation
of subject
matter; Methods
come under
strategy; It is a
micro
approach;
Teaching as
an art;
are primarily focused on
how the subject matter is
presented to students.
- It is a component of
strategy
It deals with the
day-to-day practices
in the classroom.
Educators use creativity
and instructional
techniques to engage
students and facilitate
learning.

33. TEACHING
METHOD
Effective
presentatio
n of subject
matter;
Work is
important
It involves selecting the
most appropriate
method for a particular
topic. The mention of the
classical theory suggests
a traditional approach
where organization and
structure in teaching are
crucial.
The effectiveness of
teaching methods is
closely tied to the
effort and skill
invested by the
teacher.
Classical
Theory of
Human
Organizatio
n

35. Teachin
g
Strategy
When we try to achieve some
objectives by any method it becomes
strategies;
Strategy is a combination of
different methods;
E.g. lectures or textbooks or
question-answer methods can
never be used separately;
It is a macro approach;

36. Teachin
g
Strategy
 It considers teaching as a science;
 Its purpose is to create a conducive
learning environment;
 It is based on modern theories of the
organization; (pre-determined objectives,
become strategy);
Behavior of students and teachers and
their mutual relationship.

37. •In summary, while teaching
methods focus on the specifics
of presenting subject matter,
teaching strategy involves a
more comprehensive and goal-
oriented approach, considering
broader aspects of education
and the dynamic interaction
between students and teachers.
TEACHING
STRATEGIES
TEACHING
METHOD

38. Teaching Strategy
GOAL
ONLINE
TEACHING
METHOD
LECTURE
METHOD
INTERACTIVE /
PARTICIPATIVE
METHOD

39. Teaching Methods: A to Z
In addition to the many philosophical and
pedagogical approaches to teaching, classroom
educators today employ diverse and sometimes
highly creative methods involving specific
strategies, prompts and tools that require little
explanation.

40. Teaching Methods: A to Z
• Appointments with students
• Art-based projects
• Audio tutorials
• Author’s chair
• Book reports
• Bulletin boards
• Case studies
• Chalkboard instruction
• Class projects
• Classroom discussion
• Classroom video diary
• Collaborative learning spaces
• Creating murals and montages
• Current events quizzes
• Debates
• Designated quiet space
• Discussion groups
• DIY activities
• Dramatization (plays, skits, etc.)
• Educational games
• Educational podcasts

41. Teaching Methods: A to Z
• Essays (Descriptive, Expository,
Narrative, Persuasive)
• Exhibits and displays
• Explore different cultures
• Field trips
• Flash cards
• Flexible seating
• Gamified learning plans
• Genius hour
• Group discussion
• Guest speakers
• Hands-on activities
• Individual projects
• Interviewing
• Journaling
• Laboratory experiments
• Learning contracts
• Learning stations
• Lecturing
• Literature circles
• Making posters

42. Teaching Methods: A to Z
• Math games
• Mock conventions
• Motivational posters
• Music from other
countries/cultures
• Oral reports
• Panel discussions
• Peer partner learning
• Pen pals
• Photography
• Problem-solving activities
• Readers’ theater
• Recitation
• Reflective discussion
• Research projects
• Rewards & recognition
• Role playing
• School newspapers
• Science fairs
• Scrapbooks
• Sister city programs
• Spelling bees

43. Teaching Methods: A to Z
• Storytelling
• Student podcasts
• Student portfolios
• Student presentations
• Student-conceived projects
• Supplemental reading
assignments
• TED talks
• Team-building exercises
• Term papers
• Textbook assignments
• Think-tac-toe
• Time capsules
• Timelines
• Use of community or local
resources
• Video creation
• Video lessons
• Vocabulary lists
• Web quests
• Word walls
• Workbooks

44. - END -
THANK YOU!

45. LEARNING
PRINCIPLES
MODERN
TEACHING
METHOD
TEACHING METHOD
&
STRATEGY

46. Please enumerate
atleast 3
Learning
Principles.

47. Please enumerate
at least 3 modern
teaching method
that are being
adopted in Schools.

48. In your own
understanding, what
is Teaching Method?

49. In your own words,
define what Learning
Principles are and
why is it important
for educators to
know them?

50. Among the Modern
Teaching Methods,
choose one and explain
what it is. If possible
cite an example.

51. In your own
understanding, what
is the difference
between Teaching
Method and Teaching
Strategy?

52. How can educators apply the
principles of learning to enhance
student learning in various
disciplines? Provide specific
examples illustrating how these
principles can be integrated into
teaching practices.

53. How has the emergence of websites like
ChatGPT or any other AI impacted the
learning and teaching process, and what
are the observed effects on student
engagement, comprehension, and
overall educational outcomes?

54. What makes it crucial for
teachers to select their
teaching approaches, and
which method would you opt
for as an educator, along with
the reasons for your choice?