Assessments of Knowledge and Simple Understanding: Completion, Short-answer, Selected-response

1. ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE AND
SIMPLE UNDERSTANDING
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

2. High Quality Summative Assessment
• clear and appropriate goals and objectives
• the assessment method is the best match for your goals and objectives
• have evidence that the decisions you make from the results of the
assessment are valid
• construct an assessment that will minimize error
• the assessment is fair and unbiased
• the assessment is practical and efficient
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

3. Preparing for Summative Assessment
• Representative Sampling:
Most assessments can only sample what students have learned. To
ensure representative sampling use a table of specifications and have
your learning objectives close at hand.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

4. Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

5. Preparing for Summative Assessment
• Number and Length of Assessments
- Allocate a sufficient amount of time for completion of your
test or quiz. Too much time is better than not enough time.
- Many short assessments can provide a more accurate representation
of what a student knows than one long assessment.
- Consider the age of the students, the length of the class, the subject
matter, and the type of items used.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

6. Preparing for Summative Assessment
• Test Provided by Textbook Publishers
- Contrary to popular belief, these tests are not always valid and
reliable. These types of tests need to be reviewed carefully to ensure
that the fundamental principles of good assessment are followed.
- No matter what type of test you use, it should
always be based on your goals and objectives.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

7. Assessing Recall Knowledge
•Completion
•Short Answer
•Selected Response
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

8. Completion
These are sentences with one or two missing words or symbols. They are useful
for assessing knowledge of facts, simple concepts, principles, and formulas.
Guidelines:
1. Paraphrase sentences from textbooks or other instructional materials.
2. Word the sentence so that only one brief answer is correct.
3. Place the blank(s) at the end of the sentence, rather than the beginning.
4. The omitted words should be significant - a central concept to be assessed.
5. Do not include clues to the correct answer, such as a vs. an, subject-verb
agreement and blanks of different lengths.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

9. Examples:
A. _______, who is a Spanish explorer arrived in the
Philippines in _______.
B. Ferdinand Magellan, who is a Portugese-born
Spanish explorer arrived in the Philippines in the year______.
A. William Shakespeare, wrote _______in 1595.
B. William Shakespeare, wrote the comedy, _________ in 1595.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

10. Short Answer
These are questions or prompts that have answers that range from a
single word to one or two short sentences.
Guidelines:
1. One correct answer
2. Avoid textbook questions
3. Brief and specific answers
4. Check vocabulary words used
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

11. Examples:
A. Where is the Chocolate Hills located?
B. In which city in the Philippines is the Chocolate Hills
located?
A. Define Item Formats
B. List down 3 types of Item Formats
A. Who was the first Philippines president?
B. Who was the first Philippine president of
the 2nd republic?
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

12. Selected Response
These are items wherein the students select from available
alternatives. include options such as multiple choice, matching, and
true/false questions. These question types can be very effective and
efficient methods for measuring students’ knowledge and reasoning
• Matching Items
• True/False and Binary Choice Items
• Multiple Choice Items
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

13. Matching Items
These items provide a list of stimulus (premises) words or phrases or pictures
and a set of response words or phrases or pictures. They work well for
matched pairs.
Guidelines:
1. Make sure that the directions are clear to students.
2. Parallel in type. Do NOT mix definitions with concepts with paired facts.
3. Provide more response options than stimuli.
4. Keep the responses short and logically ordered.
5. Avoid grammatical clues to correct answers.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

14. Example:
COLUMN A COLUMN B
Romeo Arrogant, Juliet’s cousin
Juliet Main character
Nurse He is a Montague
Tybalt Nanny of Juliet
Priest who married Romeo
and Juliet
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

15. True/False and Binary Items
These items can be used with graphics, passages, or other stimulus materials
that yield correct or incorrect interpretations. or application of knowledge.
Guidelines:
1. Write the item so that the answer options are consistent with the logic in
the sentence.
2. Include a fact in the item.
3. Avoid long sentences.
4. Avoid insignificant Ideas
5. Reinforce positive statements
6. Avoid clues to the answer
7. No tricks
8. Avoid using vague adjectives and adverbs Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

16. Example:
Poor: T F Makati City is NOT the capital of the Philippines
Better: T F Makati City is the capital of the Philippines
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

17. Multiple Choice Items
These items provide a stem in the form of a question or incomplete
sentence and three or more alternative one of which is the correct or best
answer and the remaining are called distractors.
Guidelines:
1. Make sure that the stem poses a problem that is complete and clear.
2. Avoid the use of negatives in the stem.
3. Avoid irrelevant clues
4. Distractors must be plausible yet completely wrong
5. Avoid using all or none of the above
6. Ensure that all answers are parallel in length, grammar, conceptual
difficulty, and syntactic construction.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

18. Example
Poor: Which of the following is the largest city in the
Philippines?
A. Kuala Lumpur
B. London
C. Quezon City
D. Berlin
Better: Which of the following is the largest city in the
Philippines?
A. Baguio
B. Cebu
C. Quezon City
D. San Juan
.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista

19. ACTIVITY
Source:
McMillan, J.H. (2007). Classroom assessment: Principles and practice for effective
standards-based instruction (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Nicolai Anniana S. Bautista