This document provides an overview of key organic compounds found in nature including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. It describes the basic composition and functions of these macromolecules. Proteins are made of amino acids and perform important roles such as tissue growth, biochemical reactions, hormone messaging, pH maintenance, and energy provision. Nucleic acids contain nucleotides and carry genetic material and protein coding. Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, are not water soluble, and store and release energy. Carbohydrates provide energy and regulate blood glucose through sugars, starches and cellulose.

1. Dr. Chithra Gopinath
Assistant Professor
TKM College, Kollam, Kerala
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND NATURE

2. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Vitamins

3. Proteins
Macromolecules of amino acids
Functions
•Growth and Maintenance of tissues
•Aid for Biochemical Reactions(enzymes)
•Acts as Messenger(hormones)
•Maintains Proper pH
•Provides Energy
•keep body immune system strong

4. only 20 types of amino acids are used
for protein synthesis in biological
systems.
L-α-Amino acid
The basic building blocks of proteins
Amino Acids

5. Peptide
A peptide is a compound of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one
AA and the amino group of its next AA with the elimination of water
molecule.

6. Nucleic acids
Macromolecules containing H, N, C, O and P.
Made up of monomers of nucleotides.

7. Nucleic Acids
1. RNA – ribosenucleic acids
2. DNA – deoxyribosenucleic acid
1. Carry genetic material
2. Carries codes to make proteins
Function of a Nucleic Acids

8. Lipids
Lipids are made up of C,H,O and N
All lipids are not soluble in water.
Or ganic
Compound
Composed of : Ex ampl es Funct ion
Lipid C, H, O
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Stores and
releases
MORE
energy for
cells
Cel l membr anes ar e made of l ipids

9. Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon
Function
Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose.
Glucose, starch, cellulose etc
Carbohydrates
Releases
energyenergy for
cells
Sugar
Starch
cellulose
C, H, OCarbohydrate
FunctionExamplesComposed of:
Organic
Compound