Cryptography is the science of securing communication and information. It uses techniques like encryption and decryption to transform information into an unreadable format, called cipher text. There are different types of cryptography like secret key cryptography which uses a single key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses different keys for encryption and decryption. Cryptography ensures security requirements like authentication, privacy, integrity and non-repudiation of digital information. It has advantages like privacy of communication but also disadvantages like the time needed for encryption and decryption.