The document discusses classifications of schizophrenia in the DSM-III and ICD-9 diagnostic manuals. It outlines the essential characteristics of schizophrenia and lists six symptoms for diagnosis. DSM-III recognizes five subtypes of schizophrenia: disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual. Tables provide the diagnostic criteria for each subtype and compare the DSM-III and ICD-9 nosology.
ICD 11 proposed changes - A New Perspective On An Old DreamMohamed Sedky
The document discusses proposed changes in the ICD-11 classification system compared to previous versions. Some key points:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders are reorganized, and autism is now classified as autism spectrum disorder.
- Schizophrenia subtypes are removed, and specifiers are added for symptoms. Catatonia is now a separate entity.
- Bipolar II disorder is added as a new category under mood disorders.
- New disorders are added such as binge eating disorder, gaming disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder.
- The classification of PTSD is narrowed, and complex PTSD is proposed as a new category. Prolonged grief disorder is added.
Classification assesment and diagnosis of mental disorders (asw) newHelen Crimlisk
This document discusses the classification and diagnosis of mental disorders. It provides an overview of how mental illnesses are classified, including using systems like the ICD-10. It then discusses the diagnosis process, which involves taking a patient history and conducting a mental status examination. The document analyzes a case study of a patient experiencing alcohol withdrawal and provides a multi-axial analysis of the patient's diagnoses and disabilities according to the ICD-10.
Epidemiology and mental disorder and classificationBurhan Hadi
The document discusses epidemiology and classification of mental disorders. It provides information on:
1. Epidemiology studies of mental disorders such as the National Comorbidity Survey and National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
2. Prevalence rates of common mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and Alzheimer's disease.
3. Two major classification systems for mental disorders - ICD-10 published by the WHO and DSM-IV published by the American Psychiatric Association. Both systems categorize and define mental disorders.
classification of mental disorders, theories of personaa. deve.divya2709
The document discusses various classification systems for mental disorders including ICD-10, DSM-IV, and Indian classifications. ICD-10 is issued by WHO and codes disorders from F00 to F99. DSM-IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association. Indian classifications were proposed by various Indian psychiatrists. The document also reviews theories of personality development including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and behavioral theories. It discusses factors influencing personality formation and defence mechanisms.
The document discusses the classification of mental disorders according to two major systems - ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is the World Health Organization's classification system that codes psychiatric disorders from F00 to F99. DSM-IV is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that uses a multi-axial system with five axes to evaluate patients. Some key differences between the two systems are that ICD-10 is intended for clinical work, research, and primary care globally while DSM-IV is in English only and includes social consequences in its diagnostic criteria.
This document discusses two major classification systems for mental disorders: ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is maintained by the World Health Organization and provides an international standard for defining and classifying diseases. DSM-IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association and utilizes a multi-axial system to evaluate patients across several domains. Both systems aim to provide consistent diagnoses but have disadvantages like oversimplification, misdiagnoses, and potential stigmatization. ICD-11 was adopted in 2019 and DSM-5 removed the axis system and made other changes.
ICD 11 proposed changes - A New Perspective On An Old DreamMohamed Sedky
The document discusses proposed changes in the ICD-11 classification system compared to previous versions. Some key points:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders are reorganized, and autism is now classified as autism spectrum disorder.
- Schizophrenia subtypes are removed, and specifiers are added for symptoms. Catatonia is now a separate entity.
- Bipolar II disorder is added as a new category under mood disorders.
- New disorders are added such as binge eating disorder, gaming disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder.
- The classification of PTSD is narrowed, and complex PTSD is proposed as a new category. Prolonged grief disorder is added.
Classification assesment and diagnosis of mental disorders (asw) newHelen Crimlisk
This document discusses the classification and diagnosis of mental disorders. It provides an overview of how mental illnesses are classified, including using systems like the ICD-10. It then discusses the diagnosis process, which involves taking a patient history and conducting a mental status examination. The document analyzes a case study of a patient experiencing alcohol withdrawal and provides a multi-axial analysis of the patient's diagnoses and disabilities according to the ICD-10.
Epidemiology and mental disorder and classificationBurhan Hadi
The document discusses epidemiology and classification of mental disorders. It provides information on:
1. Epidemiology studies of mental disorders such as the National Comorbidity Survey and National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
2. Prevalence rates of common mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and Alzheimer's disease.
3. Two major classification systems for mental disorders - ICD-10 published by the WHO and DSM-IV published by the American Psychiatric Association. Both systems categorize and define mental disorders.
classification of mental disorders, theories of personaa. deve.divya2709
The document discusses various classification systems for mental disorders including ICD-10, DSM-IV, and Indian classifications. ICD-10 is issued by WHO and codes disorders from F00 to F99. DSM-IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association. Indian classifications were proposed by various Indian psychiatrists. The document also reviews theories of personality development including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and behavioral theories. It discusses factors influencing personality formation and defence mechanisms.
The document discusses the classification of mental disorders according to two major systems - ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is the World Health Organization's classification system that codes psychiatric disorders from F00 to F99. DSM-IV is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that uses a multi-axial system with five axes to evaluate patients. Some key differences between the two systems are that ICD-10 is intended for clinical work, research, and primary care globally while DSM-IV is in English only and includes social consequences in its diagnostic criteria.
This document discusses two major classification systems for mental disorders: ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is maintained by the World Health Organization and provides an international standard for defining and classifying diseases. DSM-IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association and utilizes a multi-axial system to evaluate patients across several domains. Both systems aim to provide consistent diagnoses but have disadvantages like oversimplification, misdiagnoses, and potential stigmatization. ICD-11 was adopted in 2019 and DSM-5 removed the axis system and made other changes.
DSM - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
It is the handbook used by health care professionals as an authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders.
The dsmiv and_icd10_classification_systems_(background)vickasen
The document discusses two major psychiatric classification systems - the DSM and ICD. It notes that both systems facilitate communication, research, and characterization of mental disorders by reducing complexity into categories. The DSM takes a categorical approach while the ICD allows for more flexibility. Both systems are important for diagnosis, treatment, and statistical reporting in psychiatry.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the key changes between editions, from the initial DSM-I in 1952 to the current DSM-5 from 2013. Major revisions in DSM-5 include eliminating the multi-axial system, replacing many disorder names, combining and reorganizing certain diagnoses, and emphasizing dimensional assessments and cultural factors in diagnosis. The goal is to improve clinical utility, reliability and cultural sensitivity in defining and classifying mental disorders.
The document is the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). It was published by the American Psychiatric Association to provide a helpful guide for clinicians in diagnosing mental disorders. The manual focuses on clinical, research, and educational purposes and is supported by empirical evidence. The task force that created DSM-IV aimed to make it practical for clinicians through brief criteria sets, clear language, and explicitly defining the constructs in the diagnostic criteria.
DSM 5 changes- (APA 2013) Highlighted changes from the DSM IV-TR (2000)Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
The document outlines several key changes between the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and classifications. Some notable changes include: replacing the term "mental retardation" with "intellectual disability"; introducing "social (pragmatic) communication disorder"; combining previous autism subtypes into a single "autism spectrum disorder"; modifying the ADHD diagnostic criteria and adding specifiers; combining previous learning disorders; and modifying the diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders.
The document summarizes some of the key changes between the DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic manuals. It discusses revisions to chapters on neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar and depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and other areas. Diagnoses were refined, criteria were clarified or changed, and some disorders were merged or split between the two editions.
The document summarizes several key changes made to diagnoses in the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders category from the DSM-IV-TR to the DSM-5. For schizophrenia, the DSM-5 eliminates the attribution of bizarre delusions/hallucinations and requires two symptoms total. It also adds a requirement for at least one positive symptom. For schizoaffective disorder, it requires a mood episode for the majority of the disorder's duration. The DSM-5 also removes schizophrenia subtypes, clarifies criteria for delusional disorder, and standardizes catatonia criteria across contexts.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its definition, types, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, prognosis, treatments, and epidemiology. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes and deficits in emotional responses. It is diagnosed based on criteria from the ICD-10 and DSM-IV and involves positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms. Treatments include pharmacotherapy with antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and psychosocial therapies to improve social and vocational skills. The prognosis varies, with about 1/4 of patients having a good outcome.
The document summarizes major changes in the DSM-V from the DSM-IV. Key changes include:
1) Autism is now classified as autism spectrum disorder, encompassing four previous disorders.
2) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder replaces childhood bipolar disorder.
3) Bereavement exclusion for major depressive disorder is removed.
4) Additional attention is paid to behavioral symptoms in the PTSD criteria.
5) Mild neurocognitive disorder is added to distinguish from major neurocognitive disorder.
6) Binge eating disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and hoarding disorder are now official diagnoses.
This document discusses psychiatric classification systems and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It provides an overview of the history and evolution of the DSM from 1952 to the current DSM-5 published in 2013. The number of disorders and pages in each edition of the DSM has increased over time. Early editions were based on psychoanalytic concepts while later versions use a neo-Kraepelinian approach emphasizing clinical description and validity. Key changes in the DSM-5 include dimensional assessments, elimination of the multi-axial system, and expanded criteria for certain disorders. The document also briefly discusses the International Classification of Diseases used for mental illness diagnosis.
The DSM-5: Overview of Main Themes and Diagnostic RevisionsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
This document provides an overview of the main themes and diagnostic revisions in the DSM-5. It outlines 10 major changes incorporated in the new manual, including making it more user-friendly, incorporating a spectrum perspective, adding dimensionality, reflecting a developmental perspective, increasing emphasis on culture and gender, enhancing diagnostic information, matching ICD codes, reinventing it as a living document, introducing a hybrid diagnostic model, and using more biologically-based criteria. It also reviews revisions to several diagnostic categories such as neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
The document discusses various classification systems used in clinical psychology and psychiatry. It provides an overview of the history of classification from ancient times through modern systems like ICD-10 and DSM-IV. It describes the categorical, dimensional, and prototypical approaches to classification and discusses validity and reliability in diagnostic systems. The document focuses on describing the structure, chapters, and principles of the ICD-10 classification system including how it classifies mental and behavioral disorders.
The document provides an overview of psychiatric classification systems. It discusses the definition and advantages of classification, as well as key terms and historical approaches including etiological, descriptive, categorical, and dimensional.
It then describes the development of major classification systems including the DSM and ICD. The DSM is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association while the ICD is published by the World Health Organization. The document outlines the various editions of the DSM from DSM-I to the current DSM-5. It also discusses other classification systems and tools used in psychiatry such as the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders and the Research Domain Criteria.
The document provides an overview of the changes between editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the evolution of the DSM from earlier editions to the current DSM-5, which was approved in 2013. Some key changes in the DSM-5 include combining and splitting certain diagnoses, adding several new disorders, removing the multiaxial system, and including emerging measures and models for further study. The document outlines these changes in detail and provides background on the development process of the DSM-5.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
Classification of the psychiatric illnesspsychiatryjfn
This document discusses the classification of psychiatric illnesses. There are two main international classification systems used: ICD and DSM. Classification is important for diagnostic criteria, sharing knowledge about illnesses, epidemiological research, health information systems, service planning, and research. The ICD-10 system categorizes mental disorders into chapters including organic disorders, substance use disorders, schizophrenia and mood disorders, neurotic disorders, and developmental disorders. Mental illnesses are further differentiated as acute or chronic, organic or functional, psychotic or neurotic. Organic disorders have physical causes and functional disorders do not. Psychotic disorders involve major mental illness while neurotic disorders are minor.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It discusses how schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotion, and perception. While the exact causes are unknown, it is believed to result from genetic and environmental factors. The symptoms are categorized into positive symptoms like hallucinations, negative symptoms like social withdrawal, and psychomotor symptoms involving movements. Schizophrenia is diagnosed based on continued symptoms over six months along with social and occupational decline. There are different types of schizophrenia that are diagnosed based on symptom presentation. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication along with psychotherapy and community-based approaches.
The document contains 10 tables that present data on the demographic profile and behaviors of psychology students from PUP regarding their age, sex, responses to questions about technological development and behavioral changes, and the relationship between technological changes and student behavior. Key findings include:
- Most students were ages 16-17 and female.
- Responses varied on questions about technological development and behavioral changes.
- Correlation analysis found a perfect negative relationship between technological development and one set of behavioral change responses, and a perfect positive relationship between technological development and another set of behavioral change responses.
1). This document discusses abnormal psychology and specifically focuses on diagnostic criteria for schizophrenic disorders based on the DSM-III and ICD-9 classifications. It outlines the various types of schizophrenia like catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, and residual.
2). Key symptoms of schizophrenia are discussed including first and second rank symptoms proposed by Schneider and Langfeldt. Diagnostic tools like the New Haven Schizophrenia Index are also summarized.
3). Specific symptoms associated with schizophrenia are defined such as negativism, echolalia, stereotyped behavior, loosening of associations, and bizarre behavior. Tables outline the diagnostic criteria for different types of schizophrenia.
The document discusses various diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia from different sources such as the DSM-III, ICD-9, and researchers like Schneider, Langfeldt, and Taylor. It outlines the essential features and symptom criteria included in each diagnostic approach. The DSM-III focuses on delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders. ICD-9 lists four basic types but comments on diagnosing simple schizophrenia sparingly. Various signs and symptoms are also described, including loose associations, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, disturbances in thinking, delusions, and emotional changes.
Chloe, age 5 years and 10 months, was referred for psychological testing by her school directress. She scored 117 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, above average. Testing found she uses her intellect to compensate for unexpressed anger from overcontrol by her parents. She also feels inadequate due to lack of quality time with parents. The psychologist recommends Chloe establish closer relationships with her parents to express feelings and lack of overcontrol to allow her to enjoy childhood.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information from the document:
This psychological test report was submitted by Raphael Ray L. Perez, a 4th year student of the Bachelor of Science in Psychology program at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The report was submitted to Professor Serafina P. Maxino for a personality assessment and evaluation class in clinical psychology at the College of Arts, Department of Psychology.
DSM - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
It is the handbook used by health care professionals as an authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders.
The dsmiv and_icd10_classification_systems_(background)vickasen
The document discusses two major psychiatric classification systems - the DSM and ICD. It notes that both systems facilitate communication, research, and characterization of mental disorders by reducing complexity into categories. The DSM takes a categorical approach while the ICD allows for more flexibility. Both systems are important for diagnosis, treatment, and statistical reporting in psychiatry.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the key changes between editions, from the initial DSM-I in 1952 to the current DSM-5 from 2013. Major revisions in DSM-5 include eliminating the multi-axial system, replacing many disorder names, combining and reorganizing certain diagnoses, and emphasizing dimensional assessments and cultural factors in diagnosis. The goal is to improve clinical utility, reliability and cultural sensitivity in defining and classifying mental disorders.
The document is the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). It was published by the American Psychiatric Association to provide a helpful guide for clinicians in diagnosing mental disorders. The manual focuses on clinical, research, and educational purposes and is supported by empirical evidence. The task force that created DSM-IV aimed to make it practical for clinicians through brief criteria sets, clear language, and explicitly defining the constructs in the diagnostic criteria.
DSM 5 changes- (APA 2013) Highlighted changes from the DSM IV-TR (2000)Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
The document outlines several key changes between the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and classifications. Some notable changes include: replacing the term "mental retardation" with "intellectual disability"; introducing "social (pragmatic) communication disorder"; combining previous autism subtypes into a single "autism spectrum disorder"; modifying the ADHD diagnostic criteria and adding specifiers; combining previous learning disorders; and modifying the diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders.
The document summarizes some of the key changes between the DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic manuals. It discusses revisions to chapters on neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar and depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and other areas. Diagnoses were refined, criteria were clarified or changed, and some disorders were merged or split between the two editions.
The document summarizes several key changes made to diagnoses in the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders category from the DSM-IV-TR to the DSM-5. For schizophrenia, the DSM-5 eliminates the attribution of bizarre delusions/hallucinations and requires two symptoms total. It also adds a requirement for at least one positive symptom. For schizoaffective disorder, it requires a mood episode for the majority of the disorder's duration. The DSM-5 also removes schizophrenia subtypes, clarifies criteria for delusional disorder, and standardizes catatonia criteria across contexts.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its definition, types, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, prognosis, treatments, and epidemiology. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes and deficits in emotional responses. It is diagnosed based on criteria from the ICD-10 and DSM-IV and involves positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms. Treatments include pharmacotherapy with antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and psychosocial therapies to improve social and vocational skills. The prognosis varies, with about 1/4 of patients having a good outcome.
The document summarizes major changes in the DSM-V from the DSM-IV. Key changes include:
1) Autism is now classified as autism spectrum disorder, encompassing four previous disorders.
2) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder replaces childhood bipolar disorder.
3) Bereavement exclusion for major depressive disorder is removed.
4) Additional attention is paid to behavioral symptoms in the PTSD criteria.
5) Mild neurocognitive disorder is added to distinguish from major neurocognitive disorder.
6) Binge eating disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and hoarding disorder are now official diagnoses.
This document discusses psychiatric classification systems and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It provides an overview of the history and evolution of the DSM from 1952 to the current DSM-5 published in 2013. The number of disorders and pages in each edition of the DSM has increased over time. Early editions were based on psychoanalytic concepts while later versions use a neo-Kraepelinian approach emphasizing clinical description and validity. Key changes in the DSM-5 include dimensional assessments, elimination of the multi-axial system, and expanded criteria for certain disorders. The document also briefly discusses the International Classification of Diseases used for mental illness diagnosis.
The DSM-5: Overview of Main Themes and Diagnostic RevisionsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
This document provides an overview of the main themes and diagnostic revisions in the DSM-5. It outlines 10 major changes incorporated in the new manual, including making it more user-friendly, incorporating a spectrum perspective, adding dimensionality, reflecting a developmental perspective, increasing emphasis on culture and gender, enhancing diagnostic information, matching ICD codes, reinventing it as a living document, introducing a hybrid diagnostic model, and using more biologically-based criteria. It also reviews revisions to several diagnostic categories such as neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
The document discusses various classification systems used in clinical psychology and psychiatry. It provides an overview of the history of classification from ancient times through modern systems like ICD-10 and DSM-IV. It describes the categorical, dimensional, and prototypical approaches to classification and discusses validity and reliability in diagnostic systems. The document focuses on describing the structure, chapters, and principles of the ICD-10 classification system including how it classifies mental and behavioral disorders.
The document provides an overview of psychiatric classification systems. It discusses the definition and advantages of classification, as well as key terms and historical approaches including etiological, descriptive, categorical, and dimensional.
It then describes the development of major classification systems including the DSM and ICD. The DSM is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association while the ICD is published by the World Health Organization. The document outlines the various editions of the DSM from DSM-I to the current DSM-5. It also discusses other classification systems and tools used in psychiatry such as the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders and the Research Domain Criteria.
The document provides an overview of the changes between editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It discusses the evolution of the DSM from earlier editions to the current DSM-5, which was approved in 2013. Some key changes in the DSM-5 include combining and splitting certain diagnoses, adding several new disorders, removing the multiaxial system, and including emerging measures and models for further study. The document outlines these changes in detail and provides background on the development process of the DSM-5.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
Classification of the psychiatric illnesspsychiatryjfn
This document discusses the classification of psychiatric illnesses. There are two main international classification systems used: ICD and DSM. Classification is important for diagnostic criteria, sharing knowledge about illnesses, epidemiological research, health information systems, service planning, and research. The ICD-10 system categorizes mental disorders into chapters including organic disorders, substance use disorders, schizophrenia and mood disorders, neurotic disorders, and developmental disorders. Mental illnesses are further differentiated as acute or chronic, organic or functional, psychotic or neurotic. Organic disorders have physical causes and functional disorders do not. Psychotic disorders involve major mental illness while neurotic disorders are minor.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It discusses how schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotion, and perception. While the exact causes are unknown, it is believed to result from genetic and environmental factors. The symptoms are categorized into positive symptoms like hallucinations, negative symptoms like social withdrawal, and psychomotor symptoms involving movements. Schizophrenia is diagnosed based on continued symptoms over six months along with social and occupational decline. There are different types of schizophrenia that are diagnosed based on symptom presentation. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication along with psychotherapy and community-based approaches.
The document contains 10 tables that present data on the demographic profile and behaviors of psychology students from PUP regarding their age, sex, responses to questions about technological development and behavioral changes, and the relationship between technological changes and student behavior. Key findings include:
- Most students were ages 16-17 and female.
- Responses varied on questions about technological development and behavioral changes.
- Correlation analysis found a perfect negative relationship between technological development and one set of behavioral change responses, and a perfect positive relationship between technological development and another set of behavioral change responses.
1). This document discusses abnormal psychology and specifically focuses on diagnostic criteria for schizophrenic disorders based on the DSM-III and ICD-9 classifications. It outlines the various types of schizophrenia like catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, and residual.
2). Key symptoms of schizophrenia are discussed including first and second rank symptoms proposed by Schneider and Langfeldt. Diagnostic tools like the New Haven Schizophrenia Index are also summarized.
3). Specific symptoms associated with schizophrenia are defined such as negativism, echolalia, stereotyped behavior, loosening of associations, and bizarre behavior. Tables outline the diagnostic criteria for different types of schizophrenia.
The document discusses various diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia from different sources such as the DSM-III, ICD-9, and researchers like Schneider, Langfeldt, and Taylor. It outlines the essential features and symptom criteria included in each diagnostic approach. The DSM-III focuses on delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders. ICD-9 lists four basic types but comments on diagnosing simple schizophrenia sparingly. Various signs and symptoms are also described, including loose associations, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, disturbances in thinking, delusions, and emotional changes.
Chloe, age 5 years and 10 months, was referred for psychological testing by her school directress. She scored 117 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, above average. Testing found she uses her intellect to compensate for unexpressed anger from overcontrol by her parents. She also feels inadequate due to lack of quality time with parents. The psychologist recommends Chloe establish closer relationships with her parents to express feelings and lack of overcontrol to allow her to enjoy childhood.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information from the document:
This psychological test report was submitted by Raphael Ray L. Perez, a 4th year student of the Bachelor of Science in Psychology program at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The report was submitted to Professor Serafina P. Maxino for a personality assessment and evaluation class in clinical psychology at the College of Arts, Department of Psychology.
The subject is a 20-year-old male college student referred for a psychological evaluation for job and internship purposes. Testing revealed a dependent personality disorder with symptoms including clinging behavior, anxiety when separated from his mother, tension over past family disputes, feeling inadequate, and depression. His dependency stems from childhood trauma of losing his father and overreliance on his mother for support and guidance.
Jane, age 9 years 7 months, was referred for a psychological evaluation by her mother who was concerned about Jane's reading fluency and comprehension difficulties. Jane appeared comfortable during assessments but struggled with reading aloud and decoding words. Test results and teacher reports indicated issues with reading. Jane's medical and family history were unremarkable, though she reported being bullied at school which upset her. The psychological evaluation was conducted to better understand Jane's challenges and provide recommendations to support her reading development.
This document provides an overview of psychotic disorders, focusing on schizophrenia. It discusses the historical understanding and definitions of schizophrenia, current diagnostic criteria, clinical features, course, and epidemiology. Key points include: schizophrenia involves disrupted reality testing, cognition, and associations; it typically involves more than just psychosis and hallucinations/delusions; the prognosis is often poor, with deterioration over time and high suicide risks.
The document provides information about schizophrenia, including its definition, symptoms, diagnosis, course, treatment, and etiology. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia is defined by positive and negative symptoms that last at least 6 months and cause deterioration in functioning.
- It affects about 1% of the population and typically emerges in late adolescence/early adulthood.
- Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, emotional blunting, and lack of motivation.
- Treatment involves antipsychotic medication and psychosocial support like therapy. The exact causes are unknown but are thought to involve genetic and environmental factors impacting brain development.
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects about 1.1% of the world's population, most commonly diagnosed between ages 16-25. It can be hereditary and affects men more than women. Some early warning signs include social withdrawal, suspiciousness, and deterioration of hygiene. Brief psychotic disorder involves psychotic symptoms like delusions or hallucinations for at least one day but less than one month, with full recovery of functioning. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterized by abnormalities in delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/speech, grossly disorganized behavior, or negative symptoms.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. It defines the disorders included in the schizophrenia spectrum and their key features, such as delusions and hallucinations. It also discusses the potential biological, genetic, and environmental causes of schizophrenia. The course of schizophrenia typically involves prodromal, active, and residual phases. Treatment approaches include milieu therapy, token economies, antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and family therapy.
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. It affects approximately 1% of the population and typically emerges between ages 16-25. The disorder is defined by a combination of positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms involving deterioration of social and occupational functioning over a period of 6 months or more. While the causes are not fully known, genetics and environmental factors are thought to play a role in schizophrenia.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its history, clinical features, subtypes, and theories about its etiology and management. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with heterogeneous symptoms that vary across patients. It typically begins before age 25 and persists throughout life.
- Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia" in 1911 to describe symptoms of split cognition, affect, and behavior. He identified four fundamental symptoms (associational disturbances, affective disturbances, autism, and ambivalence).
- Subtypes include paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual. Symptoms vary across subtypes but commonly include halluc
This document discusses schizophrenia, including its symptoms, diagnosis, subtypes, course, and etiology. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia is characterized by distortions in thinking/perception and inappropriate/blunted affects. It occurs in 1% of the population and typically begins between ages 16-25.
- Diagnosis requires symptoms for at least 6 months and deterioration in relationships/functioning. Subtypes include paranoid, hebephrenic, catatonic, and undifferentiated.
- Etiology is multifactorial involving genetic, biological, environmental factors. The dopamine hypothesis proposes psychotic symptoms relate to dopaminergic hyperactivity in the brain.
Schizophrenia is he severe psychotic disorder that affects thinking, emotions, cognition and behavior of an individual. It is majorly known as the perceptual disorder and recognized majorly due to most common illness which is diagnosed dual diagnosis. Psychotherapies, change in lifestyle and the pharmacological management is essentially followed up throughout the course of illness to reduce the symptoms and revert client back to normal. Schizophrenia is an broad spectrum having branched classification under the hood with various symptoms which are too narrowed for acute diagnosis and management.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its diagnostic criteria, symptoms, subtypes, causes, affected brain areas, treatment options, and epidemiology. It discusses how schizophrenia is diagnosed according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV, outlining the key diagnostic criteria. It also summarizes the suspected genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors associated with schizophrenia development.
What is Schizotypal disorder. What are the diagnostic features and what are the characteristics of person presenting with Schizotypal disorders. How are they odd and eccentric from normal.
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling
The document provides an overview of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders including their history, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, course, and related conditions. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia is characterized by positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. It has a genetic basis and likely involves dopamine and other neurotransmitter abnormalities.
- Other psychotic disorders discussed include brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder. They share psychotic features with schizophrenia but differ in duration of symptoms and presence of mood symptoms.
- Diagnosis is based on DSM criteria and involves ruling out substance-induced or medical
The document provides an overview of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders including their history, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, course, and related conditions. Some key points include:
- Schizophrenia is characterized by positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. It has a genetic basis and likely involves dopamine and other neurotransmitter abnormalities.
- Other psychotic disorders discussed include schizoaffective disorder, brief psychotic disorder, and delusional disorder, each with their own diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations.
- Understanding the history, theories, and ongoing research on the biology and treatment of these severe mental illnesses provides important context for diagnosis and patient care
The document provides an overview of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders including their history, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, course, and related conditions. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia is characterized by positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. It has a genetic basis and likely involves dopamine and other neurotransmitter abnormalities.
- Other psychotic disorders discussed include brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder. They share psychotic features with schizophrenia but differ in duration of symptoms and presence of mood symptoms.
- Diagnosis is based on DSM criteria and involves ruling out substance-induced or medical
Will talk about the severe psychological disorders-- The familiar name for all might be -"Schizophrenia" - it is not just one category but has multiple categories combined under -"Schizophrenia spectrum"
My forensic psychiatric research done in Indian jails shows most convicts under murder cases belong to schizophrenia spectrum (98% schizophrenia and 2% paranoid & schizoid personality disorders), and most have murdered their spouses, family members, friends or colleagues and surrendered themselves on the spot.
This presentation on the "Schizophrenia spectrum" has been particularly shared with you all to extend my message to help these affected people at the right time and maintaining their condition to prevent them from committing such crimes as there is no proper mental health care--Clinical, Legal or authoritative help available for convicts suffering from mental disorder.
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its symptoms, diagnosis, subtypes, and biological and environmental factors. Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions and behavior. It affects about 1% of the population and complete recovery is rare. Symptoms include positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations, negative symptoms like reduced emotional expression, and disorganized symptoms like disorganized speech. Schizophrenia has genetic and neurological factors and is influenced by life stressors.
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. It is defined by the presence of positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms like reduced emotional expression. It typically begins in young adulthood and follows a deteriorating course if not properly treated. There are several subtypes of schizophrenia including paranoid, disorganized and catatonic forms that are distinguished based on the predominant symptoms. The causes are thought to involve a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
This document provides information on other psychotic disorders including schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder. It discusses their diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, treatment, and types. Schizophreniform disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting 1-6 months. Schizoaffective disorder involves concurrent mood and psychotic symptoms. Delusional disorder involves non-bizarre delusions for at least one month without other criteria for schizophrenia.
· Chapter 2 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders.docxodiliagilby
· Chapter 2: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Skip to main content
Print
Sidebar Menu Toggle Search
This book has no page labels.
Zoom In Zoom Out
Create Bookmark
·
· View details for highlighted text: "CHAPTER 2 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Quick Guide to the Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders When psychosis is a prominent reason for a mental health evaluation, the diagnosis will be one of the disorders or categories listed below. The link indicates where a more detailed discussion begins. (To facilitate discussion, I have not adhered to the order in which DSM-5 presents these conditions.) Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia-Like Disorders Schizophrenia. For at least 6 months, these patients have had two or more of these five types of psychotic symptom: delusions, disorganized speech, hallucinations, negative symptoms, and catatonia or other markedly abnormal behavior. Ruled out as causes of the psychotic symptoms are significant mood disorders, substance use, and general medical conditions. Catatonia associated with another mental disorder (catatonia specifier). These patients have three or more of several behavioral characteristics. The specifier can be applied to disorders that include psychosis, mood disorders, autistic spectrum disorder, and other medical conditions. Schizophreniform disorder. This category is for patients who have the basic symptoms of schizophrenia but have been ill for only 1–6 months—less than the time specified for schizophrenia. Schizoaffective disorder. For at least 1 month, these patients have had basic schizophrenia symptoms; at the same time, they have prominent symptoms of mania or depression. Brief psychotic disorder. These patients will have had at least one of the basic psychotic symptoms for less than 1 month. Other Psychotic Disorders Delusional disorder. These patients have delusions, but not the other symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition. A variety of medical and neurological conditions can produce psychotic symptoms that may not meet criteria for any of the conditions above. Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder. Alcohol or other substances (intoxication or withdrawal) can cause psychotic symptoms that may not meet criteria for any of the conditions above. Other specified, or unspecified, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder. Use one of these categories for patients with psychoses that don’t seem to fit any of the categories above. Unspecified catatonia. Use when a patient has symptoms of catatonia but there isn’t enough information to substantiate a more definitive diagnosis. Disorders with Psychosis as a Symptom Some patients have psychosis as a symptom of mental disorders discussed in other chapters. These disorders include the following: Mood disorder with psychosis. Patients with a severe major depressive episode or manic episode can have hallucinations and mood-congruent ...
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It describes key symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior. It discusses diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and related disorders like brief psychotic disorder and schizophreniform disorder. It also covers prevalence, development and course, risk factors, cultural considerations, gender differences, and high suicide risk associated with these conditions.
The document discusses nonverbal intelligence tests and their use in evaluating students from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It provides guidelines for determining which intelligence tests are appropriate for a given student based on their individual characteristics and backgrounds. Nonverbal tests may be preferable to verbal tests for students with language deficiencies or those from minority ethnic groups to minimize cultural and linguistic bias. The results of verbal and nonverbal tests should both be considered to get a full picture of a student's abilities.
The document summarizes data from an experiment correlating scores on two intelligence tests:
1) The Advance Figure Intelligence Scale (AFIS) which measured participants' (N=129) non-verbal intelligence scores (X).
2) The SRA Non-Verbal Test which measured participants' non-verbal intelligence scores (Y).
It provides the total sums of X scores, Y scores, X squared scores, Y squared scores, and the product of X and Y scores.
This document appears to be an intelligence test consisting of 5 sets of figures (A, B, C, D, E) with 40 questions total. The participant is asked to provide identifying information and the test is timed. Their raw score and percentile are calculated after completion.
The document discusses nonverbal intelligence tests and their use in evaluating students from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It provides guidelines for determining which intelligence tests are appropriate for a given student based on their individual characteristics and backgrounds. Nonverbal tests may be preferable to verbal tests for students with language deficiencies or those from minority ethnic groups to minimize cultural and linguistic bias. The results of verbal and nonverbal tests should both be considered to get a full picture of a student's abilities.
Tourism involves travel for leisure purposes outside one's usual environment. The document discusses various tourism products and destinations in the Central Philippines, including national parks, beaches, diving, festivals, and urban attractions. It provides details on popular destinations like Boracay island, Siargao island, and Samal island, which are known for their white sand beaches. It also mentions resorts, hot springs, and waterfalls that offer swimming and relaxation activities beyond beaches.
The document summarizes a study that administered Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) to 608 individuals aged 17-65 from four communities in Serbia. It found that on average participants solved 48 of 60 matrices, equivalent to an IQ of 93 based on American norms from 1993, or an estimated IQ of 88 after adjusting for differences in norms over time and populations. There were no significant differences found between Muslims and Christians or males and females in the sample. The study aims to further examine IQ scores in the Balkan region and Serbia based on previous research finding lower average IQs there compared to other parts of Europe.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents two algorithms for solving Raven's Progressive Matrices tests visually without propositional representations. The paper introduces the Raven's test and existing computational accounts that use propositions. It then describes two new algorithms called "Affine" and "Fractal" that use visual representations and similarity-preserving transformations to solve the problems. The paper analyzes the performance of the algorithms on all 60 problems from the Standard Progressive Matrices test and finds they perform best on problems requiring visual/spatial skills and less on verbal problems.
Raven's Progressive Matrices are multiple choice intelligence tests that assess abstract reasoning. Developed in 1936 by John Raven, the tests present patterns in matrices and ask test takers to identify the missing item to complete the pattern. There are three versions for different ability levels: Standard, Coloured, and Advanced. The tests measure two main components of general intelligence: eductive ability to think clearly and make sense of complexity, and reproductive ability to store and reproduce information. Studies have found individuals with autism spectrum disorders can score higher on Raven's tests compared to other tests.
1) A study was conducted to determine if using trimetric pictorials instead of isometric pictorials on the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test would be a more sensitive predictor of spatial visualization ability. Undergraduate students completed computer versions of the original PSVT, a revised PSVT with trimetrics, and the Mental Rotations Test.
2) Analysis found no significant differences in scores between the original and revised PSVT. However, students completed the revised PSVT significantly faster than the original, suggesting trimetrics may provide a more accurate assessment of spatial ability.
3) Correlations between the PSVT and MRT were strong, supporting the tests as valid measures of the same spatial construct.
The document discusses the development and administration of the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) test, a non-verbal intelligence test originally developed by John C. Raven. It provides details on the theoretical frameworks of general intelligence, fluid intelligence, and Gestalt learning theory that informed the test's construction. Administration procedures and the test's item composition involving pattern analysis, visuo-spatial functions, clear thinking, eductive ability, and reproductive ability are also described.
The document provides an introduction and overview of the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) test. It discusses that the SPM is a non-verbal test of intelligence originally developed by John Raven in 1936. It covers cognitive abilities like reasoning, problem-solving, and pattern recognition. The document also outlines the test's theoretical framework drawing from theories like the general intelligence factor and Gestalt learning theory. It describes the test administration process and how the items are generated to cover different cognitive domains in a progressively difficult manner.
This document discusses nonverbal tests of intelligence and provides guidance on their appropriate use. It notes that nonverbal tests may provide a more valid estimate of intellectual functioning for students from diverse cultural or linguistic backgrounds compared to verbal tests. The document answers common questions about selecting tests, interpreting discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal scores, and how other professionals contribute to the evaluation process. Specific nonverbal intelligence tests that are discussed include the C-TONI, UNIT, RPM, Leiter-Revised, and selected subtests of the KABC-II.
1) The document discusses different types of intelligence tests, focusing on the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), a non-verbal intelligence test.
2) The SPM consists of diagrammatic puzzles with a missing part that must be identified, intended to measure intellectual ability across ages, education levels, and cultures.
3) It contains 60 problems divided into 5 sets of 12 puzzles each, with the problems progressively becoming more difficult to assess a person's capacity for abstract reasoning.
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter about intelligence:
- It describes different theories of intelligence including general intelligence (g) proposed by Spearman, multiple intelligences proposed by Thurstone and Gardner, and emotional intelligence.
- It discusses intelligence testing and controversies, such as whether intelligence is a single ability or made up of multiple abilities. It also discusses research locating intelligence in the brain.
- The document summarizes different views of intelligence including general intelligence (g), multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence, and intelligence as proposed by theorists like Spearman, Thurstone, Gardner, and Sternberg.
This study investigated the relationship between pupillary responses on a visual backward masking task and scores on the SAT, a measure of general cognitive ability. In the backward masking task, participants had to identify which of two lines was longer after it was briefly presented and then masked by overlying lines. Pupillary responses were analyzed to isolate components reflecting attention to the target line versus the mask. The researchers hypothesized that higher SAT scores would correlate with better target identification and less pupillary response to the irrelevant mask. They found that a late pupillary response component reflecting attention to the mask accounted for unique variance in SAT scores beyond other factors, supporting the idea that more cognitively able individuals process information more efficiently.
The document discusses two non-verbal intelligence tests, the SON-R 2.5-7 and SON-R 5.5-17, which were developed to fairly assess children's intelligence without requiring language skills. It provides the history and characteristics of the tests, including administration details, dimensions measured, subtests, and standardizations in multiple countries. Research shows the SON tests reliably measure intelligence and are less culturally biased than verbal tests.
This document discusses the construction and verification of norms for Raven's Progressive Matrices Test using a sample of students in La Plata, Argentina. It finds an increase in scores over time, known as the Flynn Effect, when compared to previous norms from 1964. It also finds differences in mean scores between age groups, education types, and for students in a Fine Arts program. The goals were to update the norms for the test using local data and compare results to previous norms and between demographic groups.
More from Polytechnic University of the Philippines (20)
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
1. Perez, Raphael Rey Prof. Serafina Maxino
BSCP III-3
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
DSM-III Classification
DSM-III reflects the idea that the category of schizophrenia includes a group of
disorders, and specifies the following as essential characteristics: disorganization from
the previous level of daily functioning in at least two areas, such as work, social relations,
and self-care; the presence of at least one symptom from a least of six during the active
phase of the illness; at least a 6-month duration of illness, during which the symptom or
symptoms necessary for making the diagnosis are present; onset of illness before age 45;
and not due to organic mental disorder or mental retardation. The symptom lists in
DSM-III for a diagnosis of a schizophrenic disorder include six items. Three are
delusional in nature, two are hallucinatory, and the last item is thought disorder
accompanied by affective disorder , delusions or hallucinations, disorganized behavior, or
catatonic symptoms. DSM III place great diagnostic significance on what it terms
characteristic delusions and hallucinations (Table 1).
ICD-9 list the four basic types, but comments on simple schizophrenia that is
schizophrenic symptoms are not clear-cut and that should, therefore, be diagnose
sparingly, if at all. Other schizophrenic subtypes in ICD-9 include acute schizophrenic
episode, latent schizophrenia, schizoaffective type, other, and – to be used only as a five
resort – unspecified. DSM-III lists only five types under schizophrenic disorders:
Disorganized (Hebephrenic), catatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual.
It does not include simple schizophrenia. It does not include special schizophrenia, and
neither ICD-9, nor DSM-III lists the pseudoneurotic type, which according to ICD-9, can
be recorded under the category of latent schizophrenia. DSM-III does provide a special
diagnostic category for the schizoaffective disorders, thus indicating that these disorders
cannot be readily included under either the schizophrenic disorders or the affective
disorders. DSM-III also provides a separate diagnostic for schizophreniform disorder,
using Langfeldt’s concept of a diagnostic entity for any schizophrenic condition that has
lasted less than 6 months. (see Table II).
TABLE I
Diagmostic Criteria for a Schizophrenic Disorder
A. At least one of the following during a phase of the illness:
1) Bizarre delusions (content is patently absurd and has no possible basis in fact),
such as delusions of being controlled, thought broadcasting, thought insertion, or
thought withdrawal.
2) Somatic, grandiose, religious, nihilistic, or other delusions without persecutory or
jealous content.
3) Delusions with persecutory or jealous content if accompanied by hallucinations of
any type.
2. 4) Auditory hallucinations in which either a voice keeps up running commentary on
the individual’s behavior or thoughts, or two or more voices converse with each
other.
5) Auditory hallucinations on several occasions with content of more than one or
two words having no apparent relation to depression or elation.
6) Incoherence, marked loosening of associations, markedly illogical thinkng, or
marked poverty of content of speech if associated with at least one of the
following:
a. blunted, flat, or inappropriate affect
b. delusions or hallucinations
c. catatonic or other grossly disorganized behavior
B. Deterioration from a previous level of functioning in areas as work, social
relations, and self-care.
C. Duration: Continuous signs of the illness for at least 6 months at some time during
the person’s life, with some signs of the illness at present. The 6-month period
must include an active phase during which there were symptoms from A, with or
without a prodromal or residual phase, as defined below.
Prodromal Phase: A clear deterioration in functioning before the active phase of the
illness not due to a disturbance in mood or to a Substance Use Disorder and involving at
least two of the symptoms noted below.
1. Social isolation or withdrawal
2. marked impairment in role functioning as wage-earner, student, or homemaker
3. markedly peculiar behavior (e.g. collecting garbage, talking to self in public, or
hoarding food)
4. markedly impairment in personal hygiene and grooming
5. blunted, flat, or inappropriate affect
6. digressive, vague, overelaborate, circumstantial, or metaphorical speech
7. odd or bizarre ideation, or magical thinking, e.g.superstitiousness, clairvoyance,
telepathy, “sixth sense”, “others can feel my feelings”, overvalued ideas, ideas of
reference
8. unusual perceptual experiences, e.g. recurrent illusions, sensing the presence of a
force of person not actually present.
Residual Phase: Persistence, following the active phase of illness, of at least two of the
symptoms noted above, not due to a disturbance in mood or to a Substance Use Disorder.
D. The full depressive or manic syndrome or manic syndrome (criteria A and B of
major depressive or manic episode), if present, developed after any psychotic
symptoms, or was brief in duration relative to the duration of the psychotic
symptoms in A.
E. Onset of prodromal or active phase of the illness before age 45.
F. Not due to any Organic Mental Disorder of Mental Retardation.
3. TABLE II
Nosology of Types of Schizophrenia
DSM-III ICD-9
Catatonic Catatonic
Disorganized Hebephrenic
Paranoid Paranoid/ Paraphrenic
Undifferentiated (No equivalent term in ICD-9)
Residual Residual
Schizophreniform (Brief Acute Schizophrenic Episode
Reactive Psychosis) (Oneirophrenia)
(Schizophreniform)
(No equivalent term in DSM-III) Latent
(Borderline)
(Prepsychotic)
(Prodromal)
(Pseudopsychopathic)
(Psychoneurotic)
(No equivalent term in DSM-III) Simple
Schizoaffective Schizoaffective
TABLE III
Diagnostic Criteria for Catatonic Type
1. Catatonic Stupor (marked decrease in reactivity to environment and/or
reduction of spontaneous movements and activity) or mutism
2. Catatonic Negativism (an apparently motiveless resistance to all
instructions or attempts to be moved)
3. Catatonic Rigidity (maintenance of a rigid posture against efforts to be
moved)
4. Catatonic Excitement (excited motor activity, apparently purposeless and
not influenced by external stimuli)
5. Catatonic posturing (voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre
posture)
Catatonic schizophrenia (marked abnormality of motor behavior) occurs in two
forms: inhibited or stuporous catatonia and excited catatonia.
a. Stuporous Catatonia – may be in a state of complete stupor, or he may
show a pronounces decrease of spontaneous movements and activity.
4. He may be mute or nearly so, or he may show distinct negativism,
stereotypies, echopraxia, or automatic obedience. Occasionally, a
catatonic schizophrenics exhibit the phenomenon of catalepsy or waxy
flexibility.
b. Excited Catatonia – is in a state of extreme psychomotor agitation. He
talks and shouts almost continuously. His verbal productions are often
incoherent. Patients in catatonic excitement urgently require physical
and medical control, since they are often destructive and violent o
others, and their dangerous excitement can cause injure themselves or to
collapse from complete exhaustion.
TABLE IV
Diagnostic Criteria for Disorganized Type
A type of schizophrenia which there are:
a. Frequent incoherence.
b. Absence of systematized delusions.
c. Blunted, inappropriate, or silly affect.
The disorganized or hebephrenic subtype is characterized by a marked regression
to primitive, disinhibited, and unorganized behavior. The hebephrenic patient is usually
active but in an aimless, nonconstructive manner. His thought disorder is pronounced,
and his contact with reality is extremely poor. His personal appearance and his social
behavior are dilapidated. His emotional response is inappropriate, and he often bursts out
laughing without any apparent reasons. Incongruous grinning and grimacing are common
in this type of patients, whose behavior is best describes as silly or fatuous.
TABLE V
Diagnostic Criteria for Paranoid Type
A type of Schizophrenia dominated by one or more of the following:
1. persecutory delusions
2. grandiose delusions
3. delusional jealousy
4. hallucinations with persecutory or grandiose content
The paranoid type of schizophrenia is characterized mainly by the presence of
delusions of persecution or grandeur. Paranoid schizophrenics are usually older than
catatonics or hebephrenics when they break down; that is they usually in their life of late
twenties or in their thirties. Their ego resources are greater than those of catatonic and
hebephrenic patients. Paranoids shows less regression of mental faculties, emotional
response, and behavior than do subtypes of schizophrenia. A typical paranoid
schizophrenic is tense and suspiscious, guarded, and reserved. He is often hostile and
aggressive. His intelligence in areas are not invaded by his delusions may remain high.
5. TABLE V
Diagnostic Criteria for Undifferentiated Type
A. A type of Schizophrenia in which there are; prominent delusions,
hallucinations, incoherence, or grossly disorganized behavior.
B. Does not meet the criteria for any of the other listed types or
meets the criteria for more than one.
Frequently, patients who are clearly schizophrenia cannot be easily fitted into one
of the other subtypes, usually because they meet the criteria for more than lone subtype.
Some acute, excited schizophrenic patients – diagnosed in ICD – 9 as suffering from
acute schizophrenic episode- and some inert, chronic patients fall into this category, for
which DSM-III provides the designation “undifferentiated”.
Latent schizophrenia is diagnosed in those patients who may have a marked
schizoid personality and who show occasional behavioral peculiarities or thought
disorders, without consistently manifesting any clearly psychotic pathology. The
syndrome is also known as borderline schizophrenia. Latent schizophrenia is not listed in
DSM-III, but is listed in ICD-9, although is not a diagnosis recommended for general use.
In DSM-III latent schizophrenia most nearly corresponds to schizotypal personality
disorder.
Simple schizophrenia does not appear in DSM-III as a subtype of schizophrenia.
However, schizophrenia, simple type, listed in ICD-9, although clinicians are cautioned
to resort to the diagnosis only rarely. The simple schizophrenic’s principal disorder is a
gradual, insidious loss of drive, interest, ambition, and initiative. He is not usually not
hallucinating or delusional, and if these symptoms do occur, they do not persist. He
withdraws from contact with other people, tends to stay in his room, avoid meeting or
eating with other members of the family, stops working, and stops seeing his friends. If
he is still in school, his marks drops to low level, even if they were consistently high in
the past.
In the schizoaffective disorders, a strong element of either depressive or euphoric
affect is added to otherwise schizophrenic symptoms. Schizoaffective patients may be
depressed, retarded, and suicidal. At the same time, they may express absurd delusions of
persecution, complain of being controlled by outside forces, and have a distinct
schizophrenic thought disorder. Or patients with various schizophrenic symptoms may be
euphoric, playful, and overactive. The schizoaffective subtype of schizophrenia is listed
as a schizophrenic disorder in the ninth revision of the ICD-9; however, the APA, in the
DSM-III, lists schizoaffective disorder as a diagnostic entity by itself, and includes it
6. neither under schizophrenic disorders nor affective disorders, but under psychotic
disorders not elsewhere classified.
TABLE VI
Diagnostic Criteria for Residual Type
A. A history of at least one previous episode of Schizophrenia with
prominent psychotic symptoms.
B. A clinical picture without any prominent psychotic symptoms that
occasioned evaluation or admission to clinical care.
C. Continuing evidence of the illness, such as blunted or inappropriate affect,
social withdrawal, eccentric behavior, illogical thinking, or loosening of
associations.
Residual schizophrenia is a chronic form of schizophrenia which follows an acute
episode of illness. Latent schizophrenia is the stage before a schizophrenic breakdown,
and residual schizophrenia is the stage after the attack. Residual schizophrenia is also
known as ambulatory schizophrenia.
TABLE VII
Diagnostic Features of Brief Reactive Psychosis
Essential Features Associated Features Other Features
Recognizable stressful event Perplexity Disorder is often un-
Preceding the appearance of Bizarre Behavior officially called
symptoms. hysterical psychosis
Emotional turmoil and at Inappropriate volatile affect
Least one of the following: Disorientation; clouding of
1. Incoherence; markedly consciousness
Illogical thinking Poor insight
2. Delusions Patient is usually incapacitated
3. Hallucinations and dependent on the close
4. Grossly disorganized assistance of others
behavior Sometimes followed by mild
Duration of disorder more depression
Than a few hours but less than
1 week
Disorder may be superimposed
on other disorders, such as
personality disorders
Rule out organic mental
disorder, manic episode, and
factitious illness with
7. psychological symptoms
(Ganser’s Syndrome)
In the oneiroid state, the patients feels and behaves as thought he were in a dream.
He may be deeply perplexed and not fully oriented in time and place. During state of
clouded consciousness, he may experience feelings of ecstasy and rapidly shifting
hallucinated senses. Illusionary distortions of his perceptional processes, including
disturbances of time perception, and the symptomatic picture, may resemble those of a
hysterical twilight state. During most oneroid reactions, the observer can most clearly
observe the schizophrenic peculiar “double bookkeeping”,as it has been called. The
patient may be convinced that he is traveling through the satellite and, at the same time,
conscientiously follow the hospital mental routine. Oneroid states are usually limited in
duration and occur most frequently in acute schizophrenic breakdowns. They are usually
called brief reactive psychotic episodes in DSM-III.
Essential Features of Various Diagnosis Criteria for Schizophrenia
KURT SCHNEIDER
1. First-rank symptoms
a. Audible thoughts
b. Voices arguing or discussing or both
c. Voices commenting
d. Somatic passivity experiences
e. Thought withdrawal and other experiences of influenced thought
f. Thought broadcasting
g. Delusional perceptions
h. All other experiences involving volition, made affects, and made impulses
2. Second-rank symptoms
a. Other disorders of perception
b. Sudden delusional ideas
c. Perplexity
d. Depressive and euphoric mood changes
e. Feelings of emotional impoverishment
f. “…and several others as well”
GABRIEL LANGFELDT
1. Symptom criteria
Significant clues to a diagnosis of schizophrenia are (if no sign of organic mental
disorder, infection, or intoxication can be demonstrated):
a. Changes in personality, which manifest as a special type of emotional blunting
following by lack of initiative, and altered, frequently peculiar behavior. (In
8. hebephrenia, especially, these change are quite characteristic and are a principal
clue to the diagnosis.)
b. In catatonic types, the history and the typical signs in periods of restlessness and
stupor (with negativism, oily faces, catalepsy, special vegetative symptoms, etc.)
c. In paranoid psychoses, essential symptoms of split personality (or
depersonalization symptoms) and a loss or reality feeling (derealization
symptoms) or primary delusions
d. Chronic hallucinations
2. Course criterion
A final decision about diagnosis cannot be made before a follow-up of at least five
years has shown a chronic course of disease.
NEW HAVEN SCHIZOPHRENIA INDEX
1. a. Delusions: not specified or other-than-depressive: 2 points
b. Auditory hallucinations
c. Visual hallucinations
d. other hallucinations
2. a. bizarre thoughts
b. Autism or grossly unrealistic private thoughts
c. looseness of associations, illogical thinking, overinclusion
d. Blocking
e. concreteness
f. Derealization
g. Depersonalization
3. Inappropriate affect: 1 point
4. Confusion: 1 point
5. Paranoid ideation (self-referential thinking, suspiciousness): 1 point
6. Catatonic behavior
a. Excitement
b. Stupor
c. Waxy flexibility
d. Negativism
e. Mutism
f. Echolalia
g. Stereotyped motor activity
Scoring: To be considered part of the schizophrenic group, the patient must score on
item 1 or item 2a, 2b, or 2c, and must receive a total score of at least 4 points.
FLEXIBLE SYSTEM
Minimum number of symptoms required can be four to eight, depending on investigator’s
choice.
1. Restricted affect
2. Poor insight
3. Thoughts aloud
4. Poor rapport
5. Wide spread delusions
9. 6. Incoherent speech
7. Unreliable information
8. Bizarre delusions
9. Nihilistic delusions
10. Absence of early awakening (one to three hours)
11. Absence of depressed facies
12. Absence of elation
RESEARCH DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
Criteria 1 through 3 required for diagnosis.
1. At least of the following for definite illness, and one for probable (not couting those
occurring during period of drug or alcohol abuse or withdrawal):
a. Thought broadcasting, insertion, or withdrawal
b. Delusions of being controlled or influenced, other bizarre delusions, or multiple
delusions
c. Delusions other than persecution or jealousy lasting at least one week
e. Auditory hallucinations in which either a voice keeps up running commentary on
subject’s behaviors or thoughts as they occur or two or more voices converse with each
other
f. Nonaffective verbal hallucinations spoken to subject
g. Hallucinations of any type throughout day for several days or intermittently for at least
one month
h. Definite instances of marked formal thought disorders accompanied by blunted or
inappropriate affect, delusions or hallucinations of any type, grossly disorganized
behavior
2. One of the following:
a. Current period of illness lasted at least two weeks from onset of noticeable change in
subject’s usual condition
b. Subject has has a previous period of illness lasting at least two weeks, during which he
or she met criteria, and residual signs of illness have remained (e.g. extreme social
withdrawal, blunted or inappropriate affect, formal thought disorder, or unusual thoughts
or perceptual experiences)
3. At no time during active period of illness being considered did subject meet criteria for
probable or definite manic or depressive syndrome to the degree that it was a prominent
part of illness.
ST. LOUIS CRITERIA
1. Both necessary:
a. Chronic illness at least six months of symptoms before index evaluation, without return
to premorbid level of psychosocial adjustment.
b. Absence of period of depressive or manic symptoms sufficient to qualify for moog
(affective) disorder or probable mood (affective) disorder.
2. At least one of the following:
a. Delusions or hallucinations without significant perplexity or disorientation
10. b. Verbal production that makes communication difficult owing to lack of logical or
understandable organization (in presence of muteness, diagnostic decision must be
deferred)
3. At least three for definite, two for probable, illness:
a. Never married
b. Poor premorbid social adjustment or work history
c. Family history of schizophrenia
d. Absence of alcoholism or drug abuse within one year of onset
e. Onset before age 40
TAYLOR AND ABRAMS’ CRITERIA
All criteria must be met for diagnosis.
1. Duration of episode greater than six months
2. Clear consciousness
3. Presence of delusions, hallucinations, or formal thought disorder (verbigeration, non
sequiturs, word approximations, neologisms, blocking, and derailment)
4. Absence of broad affect
5. Absence signs and symptoms insufficient to kae diagnosis of affective disease
6. No alcoholism or drug abuse within one year of index episode
7. Absence of focal signs and symptoms of coarse brain disease or major medical illness
known to produce significant behavioral changes
Signs and Symptoms
The presence of some key symptoms, for schizophrenic weighs heavily in favor
of a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
1. Loosening of Associations- the specific thought disorder of the schizophrenic- is
perhaps the most valuable diagnostic criteria. But a good knowledge of psychopathology
is required to be sure of its presence, and to avoid confusing it with other forms of
disturbed thinking, such as manic flight of ideas, disintegration of thought process due to
clouding of consciousness, and impaired reasoning due to fatigue or distraction.
2. Bizarre Behavior – The patient’s behavior may furnish a significant clues for the
diagnosis. Bizarre postures and grimacing are the certainly characteristic of schizophrenic
conditions, but what constitutes a bizarre posture is not always easy to establish
unequivocally. Religious rituals and special positions for meditation or rock-and-roll
dancing with which the observer is not familiar may be called bizarre.
3. Hallucinations – sensory experiences or perception without corresponding external
stimuli are common without symptoms of schizophrenia. Most common are auditory
hallucinations, or the hearing of voices. Most characteristically, two or more voices talk
about the patient, discussing him in the third person.
11. 4. Dream content – studies of the dream content of schizophrenia patients have shown
that dreams of schizophrenia are less coherent and less complex also less bizarre than are
the dreams of normal persons. Unpleasant emotions are the common in the dreams of
schizophrenics than in the dreams of normals.
5. Disturbances of thinking- the schizophrenic disturbance of thinking and
conceptualization is one of the most characteristics features of the disease.
6. Delusion- by definition, delusion is false ideas that cannot be corrected by reasoning,
and that are idiosyncratic for the patient that is not part of his cultural environment. they
are the most common symptoms of schizophrenia.
7. Incoherence- for the schizophrenic, language is primarily a means of self expression,
rather than a means of communication. His verbal and graphic productions are often
either empty or obscure.
8. Neologisms- occasionally, the schizophrenic creates a completely new expression, a
neologism, when he needs to express a concept for which no ordinary word exits.
9. Mutism- this function inhibition of speech and vocalization may last for hours or days,
but, before the area of modern treatment methods, it often used to last for years in chronic
schizophrenics of the catatonic type. Many schizophrenics tend to be monosyllabic and to
answer question as briefly as possible.
10. echolalia- occasionally, the schizophrenic patient exhibit echolalia, repeating in his
answers to the interviewer’s question’s many of the same words the questioner has used.
11. Verbigeration- this rare symptom is found almost exclusively in chronic and very
regressed schizophrenia. It consists of senseless repetition of the same words or phrases,
and it may, at the times, go on for days.
12. Stilted language- some schizophrenics make extraordinary efforts to maintain their
social relations in order to maintain their relatively stable adjustment. But they may
betray their rigidity and artificiality in their interpersonal relations by a peculiarly stilted
and grotesquely quaint language.
13. Stuporous states- these states used to be common in the catatonic subtype of
schizophrenia. Today, a modern physical treatment method permits therapists to interrupt
stupors.
14. Echopraxia- this motor symptom is analogous to echolalia in the verbal sphere –
imitation of movements and gestures of a person the schizophrenic is observing.
15. Automatic Obedience- Another symptoms sometimes observed in catatonic patients
is automatic obedience, a patient may, without hesitation and in robot like fashion, carry
out most simple commands given to him.
12. 16. Negativism- the term negativism refers to a patient’s failure to cooperate, without any
apparent reason for that failure. The patient does not appear to be fatigued, depressed,
suspicious, or angry. He is obviously capable of physical movement.
17. Stereotyped Behavior- this behavior is occasionally seen in chronic schizophrenics,
and not only in the back wards of old time mental hospitals. It may present itself as
repetitive patterns of moving or walking or perhaps pacing the same circle day in and day
out.
18. Deteriorated appearance and manners- schizophrenic patients tend to deteriorate in
their appearance. Their efforts at grooming and self care may become minimal and they
may have to be reminded to wash, bathe, shave, change their underwear, and so on.
19. Reduced Emotional responses- the quantitative change invariably consists of
reduction in the intensity of emotional response. Many schizophrenics seems to be
different or, at times, totally apathetic.
20. Anhedonia- anhedonia is a particularly distressing symptom of many schizophrenics.
The anhedonia person is incapable of experiencing or even imagining any unpleasant
emotionally barren.
21. Inappropriate Responses- a typical emotional reaction of schizophrenic is an
incongruous or inappropriate response to life situations.
22.