The document summarizes major changes in the DSM-V from the DSM-IV. Key changes include:
1) Autism is now classified as autism spectrum disorder, encompassing four previous disorders.
2) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder replaces childhood bipolar disorder.
3) Bereavement exclusion for major depressive disorder is removed.
4) Additional attention is paid to behavioral symptoms in the PTSD criteria.
5) Mild neurocognitive disorder is added to distinguish from major neurocognitive disorder.
6) Binge eating disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and hoarding disorder are now official diagnoses.
The new changes in Psychiatric Diagnosis in DSM 5Scott Eaton
DSM 5 was published in May 2013. Psychiatric diagnosis such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, asperger's syndrome and many others were revised and changed. This is a summary of some of the major changes and the debate raised about its validity.
Core slides from my presentation about the new DSM diagnostic system. The full presentation has more zing but I removed some to streamline and to whet the appetite.
The DSM-5: Overview of Main Themes and Diagnostic RevisionsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
DSM-5 represents the field’s most recent attempt at revising the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic nomenclature. In this presentation, I will outline the primary efforts of the DSM-5 Task Force and the major diagnostic changes that were incorporated in the new manual, with an emphasis on the disorders of adulthood. The most promising changes are the organization of mental illness as a spectrum, the addition of dimensionality to specifier descriptions, lifespan/development and cultural refinements, and the articulation of a new hybrid model of mental illness. In the context of these gains, I also will provide a summary of the major controversies surrounding the DSM-5, including misgivings about lower thresholds to qualify for numerous diagnoses and the related concern that we may now run the risk of pathologizing “normal” human functioning.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
Classification in Psychiatry
The concept, reliability, validity, advantages and disadvantages of different classification systems, controversies in psychiatry classification
Identify the distinction of DSM 5 vs ICD.
Explain the significant change in the fifth edition .
Discuss and differentiate the purposes of mental illness classification.
Since 1996 Dr. Paul Ebben has worked as a neuropsychologist in Frankfort, Kentucky. During that time, Dr. Paul Ebben has conducted a number of psychological examinations including those for the assessment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The new changes in Psychiatric Diagnosis in DSM 5Scott Eaton
DSM 5 was published in May 2013. Psychiatric diagnosis such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, asperger's syndrome and many others were revised and changed. This is a summary of some of the major changes and the debate raised about its validity.
Core slides from my presentation about the new DSM diagnostic system. The full presentation has more zing but I removed some to streamline and to whet the appetite.
The DSM-5: Overview of Main Themes and Diagnostic RevisionsJames Tobin, Ph.D.
DSM-5 represents the field’s most recent attempt at revising the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic nomenclature. In this presentation, I will outline the primary efforts of the DSM-5 Task Force and the major diagnostic changes that were incorporated in the new manual, with an emphasis on the disorders of adulthood. The most promising changes are the organization of mental illness as a spectrum, the addition of dimensionality to specifier descriptions, lifespan/development and cultural refinements, and the articulation of a new hybrid model of mental illness. In the context of these gains, I also will provide a summary of the major controversies surrounding the DSM-5, including misgivings about lower thresholds to qualify for numerous diagnoses and the related concern that we may now run the risk of pathologizing “normal” human functioning.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
Classification in Psychiatry
The concept, reliability, validity, advantages and disadvantages of different classification systems, controversies in psychiatry classification
Identify the distinction of DSM 5 vs ICD.
Explain the significant change in the fifth edition .
Discuss and differentiate the purposes of mental illness classification.
Since 1996 Dr. Paul Ebben has worked as a neuropsychologist in Frankfort, Kentucky. During that time, Dr. Paul Ebben has conducted a number of psychological examinations including those for the assessment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Mental Health Policy - Defining mental illness, epidemiology, service use, an...Dr. James Swartz
These slides are from a mental health policy course. Topics covered include defining mental illness, the history and politics of the DSM, the epidemiology of mental illness in the United States, and trends in service use and access.
Psychology is the study of human behaviour. It seeks to look at the motivational drives within an individual
and offer an explanation to the behaviour that is demonstrated
Written in response to Misattributions and Potential Consequences: The Case of Child Mental Health Problems and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. John D. McLennon. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 60, No 12, December 2015.
Not published: too many words and references
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
2. III. Section III provides self-assessment tools,
as well as categories that require more
research.
II. Provides information and categorical
diagnoses.
I. Introduction and clear information
on how to use the DSM.
3. Organization of chapters is designed to demonstrate
how disorders are related to one another.
Throughout the entire manual, disorders are framed in
age, gender, developmental characteristics.
Multi-axial system has been eliminated. “Removes
artificial distinctions” between medical and mental
disorders.
DSM-5 has approximately the same number of
conditions as DSM-IV.
2. Section II – Disorders
4. Autism
There is now a
single condition
called autism
spectrum
disorder, which
incorporates 4
previous separate
disorders. As the
APA states:
Cont….
5. ASD now encompasses the previous
DSM-IV autistic disorder (autism),
Asperger’s disorder, childhood
disintegrative disorder, and
pervasive developmental disorder
not otherwise specified.
6. ASD is characterized by :
1) deficits in social communication and
social interaction and
1) Restricted Repetitive Behaviors,
interests, and activities (RRBs).
Because both components are
required for diagnosis of ASD, social
communication disorder is diagnosed
if no RRBs are present.
7. Disruptive Mood
Dysregulation Disorder
Childhood bipolar disorder has a new
name — “intended to address issues
of over-diagnosis and over-treatment
of bipolar disorder in children.” This
can be diagnosed in children up to
age 18 years who exhibit persistent
irritability and frequent episodes of
extreme behavioral dyscontrol (e.g.,
they are out of control).
8. Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) has been
modified somewhat, especially
to emphasize that this disorder
can continue into adulthood.
The one “big” change (if you
can call it that) is that you can
be diagnosed with ADHD as an
adult if you meet one less
symptom than if you are a child.
ADHD cont………
ADHD
9. While that weakens the criteria marginally
for adults, the criteria are also strengthened
at the same time. For instance, the cross-
situational requirement has been
strengthened to “several” symptoms in each
setting (you can’t be diagnosed with ADHD
if it only happens in one setting, such as at
work).
The criteria were also relaxed a bit as the
symptoms now have to had appeared
before age 12, instead of before age 7.
10. Bereavement Exclusion Removal
In the DSM-IV, if you were grieving the loss of a loved one,
technically you couldn’t be diagnosed with major depression
disorder in the first 2 months of your grief. (I’m not sure where
this arbitrary 2 month figure came from, because it certainly
reflects no reality or research.). This exclusion was removed in
the DSM-5. Here are the reasons they gave:
The first is to remove the implication that bereavement typically
lasts only 2 months when both physicians and grief counselors
recognize that the duration is more commonly 1–2 years In the
DSM-IV, if you were grieving the loss of a loved one, technically
you couldn’t be diagnosed with major depression disorder in the
first 2 months of your grief. (I’m not sure where this arbitrary 2
month figure came from, because it certainly reflects no reality or
research.). This exclusion was removed in the DSM-5. Here are
the reasons they gave:
cont…
11. Second, bereavement is recognized as a severe psychosocial
stressor that can precipitate a major depressive episode in a
vulnerable individual, generally beginning soon after the loss.
When major depressive disorder occurs in the context of
bereavement, it adds an additional risk for suffering, feelings of
worthlessness, suicidal ideation, poorer somatic health, worse
interpersonal and work functioning, and an increased risk for
persistent complex bereavement disorder, which is now
described with explicit criteria in Conditions for Further Study in
DSM-5 Section III. cont……
The first is to remove the implication that bereavement
typically lasts only 2 months when both physicians and grief
counselors recognize that the duration is more commonly 1–2
years In the DSM-IV, if you were grieving the loss of a loved
one, technically you couldn’t be diagnosed with
major depression disorder in the first 2 months of your grief.
(I’m not sure where this arbitrary 2 month figure came from,
because it certainly reflects no reality or research.). This
exclusion was removed in the DSM-5. Here are the reasons
they gave:
12. Third, bereavement-related major depression is most
likely to occur in individuals with past personal and family
histories of major depressive episodes. It is genetically
influenced and is associated with similar personality
characteristics, patterns of comorbidity, and risks of
chronicity and/or recurrence as non–bereavement-related
major depressive episodes.
Finally, the depressive symptoms associated with
bereavement-related depression respond to the same
psychosocial and medication treatments as non–bereavement-
related depression. In the criteria for major depressive disorder,
a detailed footnote has replaced the more simplistic DSM-IV
exclusion to aid clinicians in making the critical distinction
between the symptoms characteristic of bereavement and those
of a major depressive episode.
13. PTSD
More attention is now paid to
behavioral symptoms that
accompany PTSD in the
DSM-5. It now includes four
primary major symptom
clusters:
Experiencing
Arousal
Avoidance
Persistent negative
alterations in cognitions
and mood
cont….
14. “Posttraumatic stress disorder is
now has been developmentally
sensitive in that diagnostic
thresholds have been lowered
for children and adolescents.
Furthermore, separate criteria
have been added for children
age 6 years or younger with this
disorder.”
15. Major and Mild
Neurocognitive Disorder
Major Neurocognitive Disorder now subsumes
dementia and the amenstic disorder.
But a new disorder, Mild Neurocognitive Disorder,
was also added. “There was concern we may have
added a disorder that wasn’t ‘important’ enough.”
“The impact of the decline was noticeable, but
clinicians lacked a diagnosis to give patients,” noted
Dr. Kupfer. There were two reasons for this change:
“(1) Opportunity for early detection. The earlier the
better for patients with these symptoms. (2) It also
encourages an early effective treatment plan, ”
before dementia sets in.
16. Other New &
Notable Disorders
Both binge eating disorder and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and now official, “real” diagnoses
in the DSM-5 (they were not prior to this, although
still commonly diagnosed by clinicians). Hoarding
disorder is also now recognized as a real disorder,
separate from OCD, “which reflects persistent
difficulty discarding or parting with possessions due
to a perceived need to save the items and distress
associated with discarding them. Hoarding disorder
may have unique neurobiological correlates, is
associated with significant impairment, and may
respond to clinical intervention.”
17. Jeffrey Lieberman, MD, President-Elect of the APA reminded us that the DSM-
5 is not a pop-psychology book intended for consumers: “[It is] a guide, an
aide to assist clinicians to … help facilitate treatment.”
The APA also noted that a large number of sessions — 21 — will be dedicated
to the DSM-5 this weekend at the APA’s annual meeting.
Commenting on the swirling controversy regarding the DSM-5, that perhaps
the diagnostic system isn’t good enough, Dr. Lieberman said, “It can’t create
the knowledge, it reflects the current state of our knowledge.”
“We can’t keep waiting for such breakthroughs//(in reference to biomarkers
and laboratory tests). “Clinicians and patients need the DSM-5 now.
Critics have accused the DSM-5 of lowering diagnostic thresholds across the
board, making it far easier for a person to be diagnosed with a mental disorder.
Lieberman disagrees, however: “How [the DSM-5] is applied reflects critical
practice… it’s not necessarily because of the criteria [themselves]. It’s because
of the way the criteria are applied.”
Important Notes