Occlusal radiography

OCCLUSAL
RADIOGRAPHY
Presented By:
Parikshit Harnoor
14D0959
Final Year B.D.S.
Guide:
Dr. Pramod G. V.
Professor,
Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology

Objectives
To know…
 Indiactions of occlusal radiography,
 Basic principles of occlusal radiography,
 Different types of occlusal radiography,
 Methods of obtaining the different types of radiographs.

Contents:
Introduction
Film
Indications
Classification of occlusal views
Basic principles
Maxillary occlusal views
Mandibular occlusal views
Conclusion
Bibliography
OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY

Introduction
• Synonym : Sandwich radiography.
• Used to examine large areas of upper and lower jaw.
• The palate and floor of the mouth may also be examined.
• Supplementary radiograph – in conjunction with periapical or
bitewing radiographs
Reference: Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 116

Film
•Special films are marketed
•Bigger than IOPA films
57mm
76mm

1. Salivary stones in the duct of submandibular gland

2. Evaluate extent of lesions (cysts, tumors,
malignancies).

3. Boundaries of maxillary sinus.

4. Fractures of maxilla and mandible (extent,
location and displacement).

5. Foreign bodies in maxilla or mandible

7. Retained roots of extracted teeth.

8. Supernumerary, unerupted or impacted teeth.

Classification of occlusal views
1. Maxillary
• Cross sectional
• Topographic (anterior and posterior/lateral)
• Pediatric
2. Mandibular
• Cross sectional
• Topographic (anterior and posterior/lateral)
• Pediatric

Basic Principles.
1. Film is placed with the white side facing the arch that is
being exposed.
2. Stabilization: when patient gently bites on the surface of
film.
3. Maxillary: position of head – Maxillary arch parallel to floor
and midsagital plane is perpendicular to floor.
4. Mandibular: position – patients head is reclined so that
occlusal plane is perpendicular to the floor.

1. Cross sectional view
Image field:
Hard Palate.
Zygomatic process of maxilla.
Nasolacrimal canals.
Teeth from second molar to
second molar.
Nasal septum.
Reference: white and Pharoah 1st South Asia Edition pg: 121

Projection of central ray:
• vertical angulation of +65⁰
• Horizaontal angulation of 0⁰
• Ray directed to the bridge of the
nose just below the nasion
Freny R Karjodkar 1st edition pg: 117
Point of Entry
Rays enter the patients face
through the bridge of the nose.

2. Topographic view - anterior
Image field:
Anterior maxilla.
Anterior floor of the nasal fossa
Teeth from canine to canine

• Orient the central ray through the
tip of the nose.
• Vertical angulation of +45⁰
• Horizontal angulation of 0 ⁰
Point of entry
The central ray enters the patients
face approximately through the tip
of nose.

3. Topographic view - lateral
Image field:
Quadrant of the alveolar ridge of
the maxilla
Inferolateral aspect of antrum
Tuberosity
Teeth from lateral incisor to the
contralateral third molar
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
superimposes over the roots of
molar

• Orient the central ray with
• Vertical angulation of +60⁰ to a
point 2cm below the lateral
canthus of the eye
Point of entry
The central ray enters at a point
approximately 2cm below the lateral
canthus of the eye.

1. Cross sectional view
Image field:
Buccal cortical plate of the
mandible
Lingual cortical plate of the
mandible
Teeth from 37 – 47

• At the midline through the floor of
the mouth.
• Approximately 3cm below the chin, at
90⁰ to the receptor
Point of entry
Midline. Through the floor of the mouth
approximately 3cm below the chin

2. Anterior view
Image field:
Anterior portion of the mandible
Dentition from canine to canine
Inferior cortical border of
mandible

Receptor Placement
• Seat the patient tilted – occlusal
plane is 45⁰ above horizontal
• -10⁰ through point of chin, giving -
45⁰angulation to receptor.
Point of entry
Midline – tip of the chin
45⁰

3. Lateral view
Image field:
Buccal cortical plate of half of
mandible
Lingual cortical plate of half of
mandible
Lateral incisors to contralateral
3rd molar

Perpendicular to center of receptor,
through a point beneath the chin, approx.
3cm posterior to point of chin and 3cm
lateral to midline.
Point of entry
Beneath the chin, 3cm posterior to chin
and 3cm lateral to midline.

Conclusion :-

Bibliography
White and Pharoah – textbook of Oral Radiology – Principles
and Interpretation – 1st South Asia Edition.
Freny R Karjodkar – Essentials Of Oral and Maxillofacial
Radiology – 1st Edition

Multiple Choice Questions
1. what is the synonym for occlusal radiography ?
a) Interproximal radiography
b) Extraoral radiography
c) Sandwich radiography
d) panoramic radiography

Q2. What is the size (dimensions) of the film used for occlusal radiography ?
a) 50 X 72 mm
b) 57 X 78 mm
c) 52 X 74 mm
d) 57 X 76 mm
Q3. Which of the following is an indication for occlusal Radiography?
a) Fracture of mandible or maxilla
b) To evaluate extensions of tumors, cysts, malignancies
c) Pt.s with limited mouth opening
d) All of the above

Q4. What is the vertical angulation for maxillary cross sectional occlusal
radiography ?
a) +60⁰
b) +65⁰
c) -60⁰
d) -65⁰
Q5. How is the film stabilized in occlusal Radiography?
a) Using a holder
b) Operator holds it in position
c) Patient holds it by his/her hands
d) None of the above

Occlusal radiography

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