This document discusses various types of image artifacts that can appear on radiographic images. It categorizes artifacts into several groups: exposure artifacts caused by issues with technique, patient artifacts from jewelry or motion, and processing artifacts from problems in the development process like scratches, chemical fog, or improper drying. Exposure artifacts are generally easier to identify and correct than other artifact types. The document provides examples of different artifacts and their visual appearances on radiographs to help technicians identify potential causes.

1. Image Artifacts
.
1

2. The image defects shall be describe
under main heading
• 1.unsharpness
• 2.over or under penetration
• 3. poor contrast
• 4.Graininess
• 5.distortion
• 6.double exposure
• 7.image artifact
2

3. ARTIFACTS:
AN UNWANTED DENSITY
ON THE FILM
3

4. Artifacts
• Any irregularity on an image that is not caused
by proper shadowing of tissue by the primary
x-ray beam.
• Are undesirable optical densities or blemishes
on a radiograph.
• Can be very interesting at times. You become
the detective, what caused that?
4

5. Artifact Classification
Screen Film
5

6. Exposure Artifacts
 Exposure artifacts are generally associated with the manner
in which the technologist conducts the examination:
– Incorrect screen-film match.
– Poor screen-film contact
– Warped cassettes,
– Improper positioning of the grid
– Improper patient position
– Patient motion
– Double exposure
– Incorrect radiographic technique
6

7. 7

8. Exposure
Artifacts
• Usually
easy to detect
And correct
8

9. Exposure Artifacts
9

10. PATIENT ARTIFACT - JEWERLY
10

11. Patient clothing
11
Improper patient
preparation

12. Double Exposure
2 exposures made on top of each other –
exposure artifact
12

13. Lack of contact
between film and
cassette can
cause “blurring”
of the image
13

14. POOR SCREEN CONTACT
14

15. Poor screen contact
15

16. Patient motion
16

17. Double exposure
Child
17

18. Double exposure
18

19. ?
Hands over upper
abdomen
19

20. PATHOLOGY NOT ARTIFACT
20

21. E E G MONITOR
21

22. What do you
See?
2 exposures
22

23. 23

24. GRID Cut off
24

25. PROCESSING ARTIFACTS
• Most often caused by pressure. Pressure
artifacts increase OD
• Scratches or scrapes remove emulsion
appear as low OD
• Roller Marks
• Pi lines
• Dirty roller
• Chemical fog
25

26. 26

27. Guide shoe marks
Improperly placed
Turnaround assembly
27

28. scratches
Pi Lines
28

29. Scratch marks from
improper handling.
29

30. Scratch marks from rollers in
automatic processor.
30

31. Developer Spots
31

32. Water spot 32

33. Handling & Storage Artifacts
• Image fog – temperature, humidity, radiation,
light
• Pressure marks – film being stacked
• Kink marks
• Static
• Hypo Retention
33

34. Discolored film due to
hypo (fixer) retention.
Chemicals not washed
off – over time will turn
film brown
34

35. Crimping /cresent mark
35

36. Roller marks from film stuck –
then pulled from processor 36

37. Static electricity
37

38. 38

39. Light fog
39

40. Kink mark or nail pressure mark
40

41. Collimation Errors
41

42. Alignment Error: Same technique, different
centering and collimation
S# 592
S# 664
42

43. • Thank you
43