Kautilya, who lived in the 3rd century BC in India, authored the Arthashastra, a treatise on politics, economics, and military strategy. The Arthashastra discusses concepts of corporate governance, such as the conduct of kings, administering justice fairly, preventing misappropriation of funds, and identifying and punishing corrupt practices. It also outlines seven pillars of success: the king or leader, the minister or manager, the country or market, the fortified city representing the head office, the treasury representing finance, the army representing the team, and allies or consultants.