Sculpture is a 3D art form that can take many forms, including: sculpture in the round (freestanding), relief (projecting from a background), modeling (building up material), carving (subtracting material), casting (reproducing in another material), construction/assemblage (multiple parts), and kinetic (moving) sculptures. Sculptures can also incorporate mixed media, installations, and site-specific works. Common sculptural materials include stone, metal, wood, clay, wax, and new plastics or resins.

1. Sculpture Chapter 10

2. Sculpture Sculpture- 3 dimensional artwork created to exist in space as we do Sculpture in the round-a freestanding sculpture that can be seen from any side Relief- a sculpture that is not free standing, but projects from a background Low relief/bas relief-the projection from the background is slight, like a coin

3. Apollo . c. 415 B.C.E. Diameter 1-1/8". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

4. Angkor Wat

5. Army on the March . Relief from Angkor Wat, The Great Temple of the Khmers, Cambodia. 1100–1150. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

6. Angkor Wat Angkor wat- literally means city temple Originally built as a temple to the Hindu god Vishnu Became a Buddhist temple Army on the March is a delicate low relief carved in stone Notice the rhythm of the spears and it’s contrast with the curving foliage

7. Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence By: Robert Longo High relief sculpture-more than half the natural circumference of the modeled form projects from the surface Figures are often undercut

8. Robert Longo. Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence . Middle portion. 1982. 7' × 9'. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

9. Modeling Additive process-a pliable material, such as wax, clay, plaster is built up and pushed into a final form Armature-a stiff inner support that keeps the material from sagging

10. Ballplayer with Three-Part Yoke and Bird Headdress . Maya Classic Period. A.D. 600–800. 34.2 × 17.8 cm. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

11. Robert Arneson. California Artist . 1982. 68-1/4" × 27-1/2" × 20-1/4" (173.4 × 69.9 × 51.4 cm). Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

12. Ken Price. Vink . 2009. 9" × 20" × 11". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

13. Casting Allows the artist to make the piece on a pliable material like clay or wax and then convert it into a permanent material like bronze Mold-a mold is made of the original work and then the new material is poured into the mold Traditional a cast is made using metal, but now there are new resins and plastics used to create very realistic surfaces

14. Charles Ray. Self-Portrait . 1990. 75" × 26" × 20". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

15. Kaz Oshiro. Tailgate ( OTA ). 2006. 53" × 17-7/8" × 1-3/4". Bottom edge 12" from wall. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

16. Rachel Whiteread. Public Art Fund Watertower Project . 1997. 12' high, 9' diameter. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

17. Carving Carving Subtractive process-removing parts of the original material to reveal the sculpture This type of sculpture is very unforgiving, mistakes are hard or impossible to correct Different types of stone dictate different types of carvings

18. Stones Wood Marble is a tradition material that is soft and relatively stable, but can be damaged in weather Granite is great for outdoors, but is hard to carve fine detail into because of it’s hardness Sandstone/limestone is easy to carve but will be worn down by weather Jade was used in China. Beautiful but can crack easily Basalt is a rough stone used in many Mexican Olmecs that is hard to carve detail into Walnut and cypress are strong woods often preferred Joint block construction-different parts of the sculpture are carved separately and then put together

19. Michelangelo Buonarroti. Awakening Slave . 1530–1534. Height 9'. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

20. Massive Stone Head . 12th–10th Centuries B.C.E. Olmec. Height 65". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

21. Elizabeth Catlett. Mother and Child #2 . 1971. Height 38". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

22. Guanyin of the Southern Sea ( Nanhai Guanyin ). Chinese. 11th–12th Century, Liao Dynasty (907–1125). 95" × 65" (241.3 × 165.1 cm). Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

24. Constructing and Assembling In the past, the accepted forms of traditional sculpture were modeling, carving and casting Assemblage and constructed pieces are, made from multiple parts or materials and assembled in a new way Ex: welding, nailing, gluing… Found object art-using old or abandoned objects to create an artwork

25. Deborah Butterfield. Conure . 2007. 92-1/2" × 119" × 30" (235 × 302.3 × 76.2 cm). Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

26. Marc André Robinson. Throne for the Greatest Rapper of All Time. 2005. 76" × 69" × 48". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

27. Kinetic Sculpture Kinetic Sculpture-a sculpture that moves

28. Mixed Media Mixed media-using multiple types of materials to create one artwork

29. Lara Schnitger. Grim Boy . 2005. 71" × 59" × 20". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

30. Matthew Monahan. The Seller and the Sold . 2006. 67" × 25" × 25". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

31. Installations and Site-Specific Art Installation- transforms a space into the artwork

32. Richard Serra. Tilted Arc . 1981. Height 12'. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

33. Olaf Eliasson. The Weather Project (The Unilever Series). 2003. 26.7 m × 22.3 m × 155.4 m. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.