Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other structures. Some key materials used in architecture include stone, brick, wood, cast iron, steel, concrete, and shell structures. Common architectural styles include post-and-lintel, arches, vaults, trusses, domes, and buttresses. Sculpture is the art of shaping figures out of materials like marble, bronze, wood, ivory, and terra cotta using techniques such as carving, modeling, casting, construction, and assemblage. Common sculptural forms include relief sculptures, free-standing sculptures, kinetic sculptures, and assemblage sculptures.

2. From Latin architectura, from architectus, means
master-builder.
The art and science of designing and constructing
buildings, bridges, and other structures to meet
our personal and communal needs.

3. Stone Architecture
 It is a building method by which structures are
constructed from massive and virtually
indestructible stones.

4. Stone Architecture
Stonehenge

5. Brick Architecture
 The buildings are essentially built using bricks.
 Brick architecture is found primarily in areas that
lack sufficient natural supplies of building stone.

6. Brick Architecture
The Bank of Iwate, Nakanohashi Branch

7. Wood Architecture
 One of the most popular and desirable building
materials.

8. Wood Architecture
Upside-down House

9. Cast Iron Architecture
 It is a form of architecture where cast iron plays
a central role. It was a prominent style in
the Industrial Revolution era when iron was
relatively cheap and modern steel had not yet
been developed.

10. Cast Iron Architecture
Eiffel Tower

11. Steel Architecture
 Very strong metal with some carbon and other
metals. Harder than cast iron and very expensive.

12. Steel Architecture
Burj Khalifa

13. Concrete Architecture
 The most widely used man-made material
(measured by tonnage made) in the world.

14. Concrete Architecture
Pantheon

15. Shell Architecture
 Commonly called thin shell concrete structure, is a
structure composed of a relatively thin shell
of concrete, usually with no interior columns and
exterior buttress.

16. Shell Architecture
Oceanografic Valencia

18. Post-and-Lintel
 A beam is placed horizontally across upright
posts.

19. Post-and-Lintel

20. Post-and-Lintel
 A series of columns is called a colonnade.

21. Arch
 Support other structures, such as roofs. They
serve as an actual symbolic gateways.

22. Arch

23. Arch
 A series of arches is called an arcade.

24. Types of Arches

25. Vault
 An extended arch. It is used to provide a space
with a ceiling or roof.

26. Vault

27. Types of Vaults

28. Truss
 Lengths of wood, iron, or steel pieced together in
one or more triangular shape.

29. Truss

30. Dome
 A dome is an element of architecture that
resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.

31. Dome

32. Buttress
 It’s an architectural structure built against or
projecting from a wall which serves to support or
reinforce the wall.

33. Buttress

36. Bahay na
Bato
In this era, the
nipa hut
or bahay kubo
gave way to
the Bahay na
bato (stone
house) and
became the
typical house of
noble Filipinos.
1820s

37. Intramuros
Also called the
Walled City of
Manila located
along the
southern bank
of the Pasig
River. 1590 1872

38. Fort
Santiago
(Fuerte de
Santiago) is a
defense
fortress is
part of the
structures of
the walled city
of Manila
referred to
as Intramuros.
1593 (1733)

39. Paco Park
A creational
garden area
and was
once Manila’s
municipal
cemetery
during the
Spanish
colonial
period. 18th
century

40. Paco Park
 Chapel of St.
Prancatius
 Original burial site of
Jose Rizal

41. San
Agustin
One of the
oldest churches
in the Philippines
The only building
left intact after
the destruction
of Intramuros
during
the Battle of
Manila. 1607

42. San Agustin
 Interior of the Church

43. Lighthouse
Cape Bojeador
Lighthouse, (Burgo
s Lighthouse) is a
cultural heritage
structure in
Ilocos Norte that
was established
during the Spanish
Colonial period in
the Philippines.
1890s

45. Silliman
Hall
The oldest
standing
American
structure in
the Philippines.
Another
prominent
landmark on
the main
campus. 1903

46. Manila Hotel
It is a 570room, built in
1909. This
historic fivestar hotel is
located along
Manila Bay in
Manila, Philippi
nes.

47. Manila Hotel
Interior of the Hotel
Rooms of the Hotel

48. CPU Church
The University
Church, Central
Philippine
University is
located on the
main campus of
the Central
Philippine
University, Jaro
District, Iloilo
City. 1913

49. Manila
Metropolitan
Theater
Has a capacity of
846
orchestra, 116 in
loge, and 708 in
balcony. After
reconstruction by
the Americans it
gradually fell into
disuse in the
1960s. 1978

50. Manila Metropolitan Theater
Interior of the Theater

51. Manila Metropolitan Theater
Interior of the Theater

53. Parish of the
Holy Sacrifice
It is the
landmark Catholic
chapel in
the University of
the Philippines
Diliman.

54. Parish of the Holy Sacrifice
 Interior of the Church

55. Antipolo
Church
The old church
was destroyed in
February 1945
when the
Americans bombed
Antipolo as part of
the liberation
campaign of
Manila. In 1954, a
new church was
built designed by a
Filipino architect.

56. Antipolo Church
 Interior of the Church
 Image of Our Lady of
Peace and Good Voyage

57. Bahay Kubo
Mansion
Also called as
Coconut Palace.
A two-storey
bahay kubo
mansion in Ayala
Alabang Village
with only 3
posts or "haligi“.

58. Bahay Kubo Mansion
Interior of the house

59. From the Latin word sculptura, from
sculpre, meaning to carve.
It is the branch of the visual arts that operates
in three dimensions. It is the art of shaping
figures by carving wood, chiseling stone, welding
metal, modeling clay or wax into three dimensional
representation such as
figures, statues, forms, etc.

60. Materials
 Marble - a kind of stone which is durable.
 Bronze - the most common metal used in
sculpture.
 Wood - cheap, available, and easy to cut.
 Ivory - used for small carvings like crosses, chess
pieces, and small heads of small statues of saints.
 Terra Cotta - a clay fired at comparatively low
temperature.

61. Materials

63. Carving
 Carving is a subtractive process; that is, it
involves removing unwanted portions of the raw
materials to reveal the form that the artist has
visualized. Wood, stone and ivory are materials
employed in this process.

64. Carving

65. Modeling
 It is process of manipulating soft materials to
create a three-dimensional form. Unlike
carving, modeling requires soft substances that
can be easily and rapidly shaped by the sculptor's
hands.

66. Modeling

67. Casting
 It is a method of obtaining the permanence of a
modeled work by making a mold and casting it in a
durable material such as bronze.

68. Casting

69. Construction and Assemblage
 Emerging in the twentieth-century, the
techniques of assemblage and construction consist
of combining and joining various materials to form
a three-dimensional object.

70. Construction and Assemblage

72. Relief
 The term relief is from the Latin word
levo, means to raise. Relief is refer to figures
which are attached to a background surface. This
technique retains the natural contours of the
figures, and allows the work to be viewed from
many angles without distortion of the figures
themselves.

73. •Bas-relief or low relief
•High Relief
•Sunken Relief

74. Low
Relief
Or known as
Bas Relief, is a
type of
sculpture that
has less depth
to the faces
and figures
than they
actually have.

75. High
Relief
Also called
auto-relievo is
a figure that
stand out from
the back that
they are
practically
threedimensional.

76. Sunken
Relief
The images are
leaving the
background
higher than the
picture.

77. Free Standing Sculpture
 Also known as sculpture in-the-round, likely
represents the form of sculpture most
recognizable to modern people. It is any work of
sculpture which can be viewed from any angle
around the pedestal.

78. Free Standing Sculpture

79. Kinetic Sculpture
 It is free-standing sculpture that moves, either
by mechanical power or under the power of wind
or water. Fountains are a form of kinetic
sculpture, although in that special case the
sculpture is not powered by the water but lives
within the shapes and forms of the water as it
arcs over and through the air.

80. Kinetic Sculpture

81. Assemblage Sculpture
 A sculpture pieced together from found or
scavenged items that have little or no relationship
to one another. Contemporary Art Dialogue's
website defines assemblage art as "nontraditional sculpture, made from re-combining
found objects. Some of these objects are junk
from the streets."

82. Assemblage Sculpture

84. Bulul
A carved wooden
figure used to
guard the rice
crop by the Igorot
peoples of
northern Luzon.
Bululs are used in
ceremonies
associated with
rice production
and with healing.
15th century

85. Sto. Niño
Holy child in
english.
Claiming to be
the oldest
religious image
in the
Philippines.
1521

86. Naga
The naga is
used as an
ornament in
the hilt ends of
longswords, loc
ally known as
kampilans.
1560s

87. Sarimanok
A legendary
bird of the
Maranao people
who originate
from Mindanao.
It is a fowl
with colorful
wings and
feathered
tail, holding a
fish on its beak
or talons.
18th century

88. The Triumph
of Death
over Life
Two sculptures
Rizal made for
Dr. Blumentritt.
A beautiful
naked woman
collapsed in the
arms of a
hooded
skeleton.
1890

89. The Triumph
of Science
over Death
The statue
depicts a
young, nude
woman with
flowing
hair, standing
on a skull while
bearing a torch.
1890

90. Hagabi
A long wooden
bench made of
a boar or
carabao head
made by
Ifugaos. This is
the status
bench of the
kadangyan or
wealthy
members of
society.
19th century

91. Allegorical
Harpoon
One of
Napoleon Abueva’s
best abtract
scupture. And one
of the first
creations in hard
wood.
1964

92. Oblation
Made by
Guillermo
Tolentino. It
depicts a man
facing upward
with arms
outstretched, s
ymbolizing
selfless
offering of
oneself to his
country.
1935