This document provides information about sculpture in several Southeast Asian countries. It discusses the long history of stone carving in Cambodia, dating back thousands of years. In Thailand, sculpture has been practiced for 4,000 years using materials like wood, stone, ivory and metals. The Reclining Buddha at Wat Pho in Bangkok is a famous plaster sculpture covered in gold leaf. Laos and Vietnam also have notable sculptural traditions influenced by Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism. Indonesia is known for stone, bronze and iron age arts found in archaeological sites, while the Asmat wood carvings of Papua are particularly impressive. Relief carving is a common sculptural form in Malaysia, often adorning traditional Mal

1. LESSON 3:
SCULPTURE

2. SCULPTURE
- A sculpture is defined as a three-
dimensional form made from a material such
as clay, wax, plaster, stone, polyester, fiberglass,
metal, or plastic.

3. CAMBODIA
For many thousands of years, the art of stone
carving has flourished in Cambodia. From
small statues to the breathtaking carving
found at Angkor Wat, this art medium has
become one of the country’s most cherished
art forms.

4.  Stone Carving has been both a passion and a
livelihood for many Cambodian sculptors. The
art of stone carving in Cambodia has a very
long, fascinating history which goes back to the
foundation of Khmer nation.

5. STONE CARVING - is an activity where
pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by
the controlled removal of stone

6. STONE CARVINGS AND SCULPTURES OF THE
EARLY ANGKOR PERIOD
 The Angkor period began in 802 AD
when Jayavarman II was proclaimed a
"god-king" and "universal monarch",
declared independence from Java, and
proclaimed a unified Khmer kingdom.

7.  The massive stone sculptures became popular
during the reign of Indravarman I, one of
Jayavarman II's successors, who ruled from
877-886 AD. It was during his reign that the
capital city of Hariharalaya (16 miles south of
Angkor) was established and with it a number
of temples in or around the city. These temples
were - and still are - very luxurious and the
sculptures of the period reflect the splendor of
the era. The statues and sculptures are massive,

8. • Statues from the early Angkor period
were typically Hindu gods and
goddesses such as Vishnu and Shiva
built on a massive, grand scale.

11. THAILAND
Is world- famous for its sculpture that dates
back 4,000 years. The most commonly used
materials are wood, stone, ivory, clay and
various metals. The most notable sculptures
are the Thai bronzes famous for their
originality and grace.

12. This famous sculpture in Wat Pho in
Bangkok is 46 meters long and 15 meters
high. It is made of plaster on a brick core and
finished in gold leaf. The feet are inlaid with
mother of pearl.

13. Wat Pho is the oldest temple in the whole of
Bangkok. In fact, the temple is older than
Bangkok itself as it was in existence when
Thailand was still in Ayutthaya, in the 17th
century. King Rama I, later enlarged the
temple so that statues that were recovered
from Ayutthaya in 1801 could be placed in
History of Wat Pho

14. Thereafter, the name of the temple was
changed from Wat Potaram to Wat Pho. In
addition, the temple was again enlarged to
include the first university in Thailand.

17. LAOS
Lao artisan's use a variety of media in their
sculptural creations. Typically, the precious
metal such as bronze silver and gold are
used. The most famous statue made of gold
is the 1.Phra Say of the sixteenth century.

19. 2.Phra Bang
-is also cast in gold. The Phra Bang (also
written Phrabang, and which literally means
"delicate Buddha") is the mystical national
emblem of this country. It is a statue 83cm
high, covered in gold leaf
- The Phra Bang is considered as a symbol
of the right to rule Laos. Only a pure and true
government may keep this sacred image.

21. VIETNAM
Vietnamese sculpture has been heavily
influence by the three traditional religions
Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, which
come from neighboring countries China and
India. Among the famous sculpture in the
10,000 year-old-carvings which can be seen
on the Dong Noi Cave.

23. The Dong Son culture is famous for its
kettledrums, small carving and home utensil,
which have handles sculpted in the shape of
men, elephants and toads and tortoises

24. KETTLE DRUMS

26. INDONESIA
Indonesia is known for its stone, bronze and
iron aged- arts. The sculpture can be found
in numerous archaeological sites in Sumatra,
Java to Sulawesi. The native Indonesian
tribes usually create sculptures that depict
ancestors, deities and animals. This evident
in the pre- Hindu- Buddhist and pre-Islamic

27. The most amazing sculpture are the Asmat
wooden sculpture of Papua.
From the classical Hindu- Buddhist era of
Indonesia, the most prominent sculpture are
the hundreds of meters relief and hundred of
stone Buddha at the temple of Borobudur in
Central Java.

29. MALAYSIA
Most of Malaysian sculpture are relief. These
are partially carved into or out of another
surfaces. These sculptures rely on a base or
plane to support them and are a
combination of both three-dimensional and
two-dimensional art forms.

30. There are three main type of relief sculpture
1. ALTO- is almost completely carved from its
surface- highly shaped with very little of the
structure touching the base or plane.
2. BAS FORM- is a relief that barely extends
past the base- common as wall decorations on
Greek or Roman buildings and are the type
mostly seen on the Colosseum.

31. 3. SUNKEN RELIEF SCULPTURE- an image that
is carved into the surface, rather than out of it.

32. Relief wood carving frequently adorn the
doors, walls and windows of traditional Malay
houses.
• The best Malay woodcarving is from
Terengganu and Kelentan