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- 1. LiteraryLiterary archetypesarchetypes ““Archetypes are repeatedArchetypes are repeated patterns that recur in thepatterns that recur in the literature of every age”literature of every age” (Sloan 48).(Sloan 48).
- 2. What is an archetype?What is an archetype? An archetype is a term used to describeAn archetype is a term used to describe universal symbols that evoke deep anduniversal symbols that evoke deep and sometimes unconscious responses in a readersometimes unconscious responses in a reader In literature, characters, images, and themesIn literature, characters, images, and themes that symbolically embody universal meaningsthat symbolically embody universal meanings and basic human experiences, regardless ofand basic human experiences, regardless of when or where they live, are consideredwhen or where they live, are considered archetypes.archetypes. Common literary archetypes include stories ofCommon literary archetypes include stories of quests, initiations, scapegoats, descents to thequests, initiations, scapegoats, descents to the underworld, and ascents to heaven.underworld, and ascents to heaven.
- 3. Primordial: That is, we, as individuals,Primordial: That is, we, as individuals, have these archetypal imageshave these archetypal images ingrained in our understanding eveningrained in our understanding even before we are born.before we are born. Universal: These archetypes can beUniversal: These archetypes can be found all over the world andfound all over the world and throughout history. The manifestationthroughout history. The manifestation of the idea may be different, but theof the idea may be different, but the idea itself is the same.idea itself is the same. Archetypes are…Archetypes are…
- 4. Carl Jung Swiss psychologist/psychiatrist whose study of the nature of the human mind resulted in two basic concepts that are important in examining and analyzing literature. Collective unconsciousness unconscious/subconscious mental record of all common human experiences (examples –love, passion, birth, death, anger, peace, evil, spirituality, etc) archetypes – symbols which express our “collective unconscious,” which are our common human experiences
- 5. Common Character ArchetypesCommon Character Archetypes The Star-CrossedThe Star-Crossed LoversLovers This is the young coupleThis is the young couple joined by love butjoined by love but unexpectedly parted byunexpectedly parted by fate.fate. example - Romeo andRomeo and JulietJuliet Unfaithful wife married to a man she sees as dull and unimaginative physically attracted to a more virile or desirable man example - Guinevere
- 6. Hero The main character leaves his or her community to go on an adventure, performing deeds that bring honor to the community examples – Beowulf Devil figure offers worldly goods, fame, offers knowledge to the protagonist in exchange for possession of his soul examples - Lucifer, Satan Villain a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime
- 7. Scapegoat The scapegoat figure isThe scapegoat figure is one who gets blamed forone who gets blamed for everything, regardless ofeverything, regardless of whether he/she is actuallywhether he/she is actually at fault.at fault. Example – Tom Robinson Outcast a figure who is banished from a social group for some crime against his fellow man he/she is usually destined to become a wanderer example - GollumGollum
- 8. TricksterTrickster crosses both physical andcrosses both physical and social boundaries-- thesocial boundaries-- the trickster is often a traveler,trickster is often a traveler, and he often breaks societaland he often breaks societal rules. Tricksters cross lines,rules. Tricksters cross lines, breaking or blurringbreaking or blurring connections and distinctionsconnections and distinctions between "right and wrong,between "right and wrong, sacred and profane, cleansacred and profane, clean and dirty, male and female,and dirty, male and female, young and old, living andyoung and old, living and dead“dead“ AnansiAnansi The innocentThe innocent Child/YouthChild/Youth Inexperienced adultInexperienced adult Jem and ScoutJem and Scout
- 9. The great teacher/mentor wise old man represents knowledge, wisdom, spirituality of soul, insight protects or helps main character when he or she faces challenges. example -, Merlin Earth mother symbolic of fruition and abundance as well as fertility example - Mother Nature
- 10. The ShrewThe Shrew This is that nagging,This is that nagging, bothersome wifebothersome wife always battering heralways battering her husband with verbalhusband with verbal abuse.abuse. example - KatherineKatherine Enchantress- Temptress characterized by sensuous beauty usually involved in downfall of the hero or protagonist examples - the Sirens, Calypso, and Cleopatra
- 11. SituationalSituational ArchetypesArchetypes The Loss of InnocenceThe Loss of Innocence This is, as the nameThis is, as the name implies, a loss ofimplies, a loss of innocence through sexualinnocence through sexual experience, violence, orexperience, violence, or any other means.any other means. The InitiationThe Initiation This is the process byThis is the process by which a character iswhich a character is brought into anotherbrought into another sphere of influence,sphere of influence, usually (in literature) intousually (in literature) into adulthood.adulthood. Ex. Jem and Scott in ToEx. Jem and Scott in To Kill a MockingbirdKill a Mockingbird
- 12. Quest are searching for something,are searching for something, whether consciously orwhether consciously or unconsciously. Their actions,unconsciously. Their actions, thoughts, and feelings centerthoughts, and feelings center around the goal ofaround the goal of completing the quest.completing the quest. example - Ahab’s quest for the albino whale Task A situation in which aA situation in which a character, or group ofcharacter, or group of characters, is driven tocharacters, is driven to complete some duty often ofcomplete some duty often of monstrous proportion.monstrous proportion. example --Frodo’s task toFrodo’s task to keep the ring safe inkeep the ring safe in TheThe Lord of the RingsLord of the Rings
- 13. Fall describes a descent, usually of a hero, from a higher to a lower state of being usually involves spiritual defilement and/or loss of innocence also involves an expulsion from some kind paradise example - Adam and Eve Night journey descent into earth followed by a return to light usually, knowledge has been gained through the experience example - Orpheus
- 14. Common Image ArchetypesCommon Image Archetypes Certain images that recur in myths andCertain images that recur in myths and other genres of literature often have aother genres of literature often have a common meaning or tend to elicitcommon meaning or tend to elicit comparable psychological responses andcomparable psychological responses and to serve similar cultural functions.to serve similar cultural functions. WaterWater SunSun ColorsColors Shapes, Numbers, & Other objectsShapes, Numbers, & Other objects
- 15. WaterWater a symbol of life, cleansing,a symbol of life, cleansing, and rebirth—representsand rebirth—represents the mystery of creationthe mystery of creation Examples:Examples: SeaSea—spiritual mystery—spiritual mystery and infinity; timelessnessand infinity; timelessness and eternityand eternity RiverRiver—death / rebirth—death / rebirth (baptism), flowing of time(baptism), flowing of time into eternity, transitionalinto eternity, transitional phases of the life cyclephases of the life cycle
- 16. SunSun Represents energy,Represents energy, creativity, thinking,creativity, thinking, enlightenment,enlightenment, wisdom, spiritualwisdom, spiritual vision, the passingvision, the passing of time, and lifeof time, and life Examples:Examples: Rising SunRising Sun—Birth—Birth and Creationand Creation Setting SunSetting Sun—death—death
- 17. ColorsColors RedRed—love, sacrifice, hate,—love, sacrifice, hate, evil, anger, violentevil, anger, violent passion, sin, blood,passion, sin, blood, disorderdisorder GreenGreen—birth / death,—birth / death, fertility, luck, hope,fertility, luck, hope, jealousy, decay, greedjealousy, decay, greed BlueBlue—sadness, spiritual—sadness, spiritual purity, truth, religiouspurity, truth, religious feelings of securityfeelings of security BlackBlack—power, doom,—power, doom, death, darkness, mystery,death, darkness, mystery, primal wisdom,primal wisdom, unconscious evilunconscious evil WhiteWhite—purity, innocence,—purity, innocence, death, terror,death, terror, supernatural, blindingsupernatural, blinding truthtruth
- 18. ShapesShapes CircleCircle (Sphere)(Sphere) wholeness, unitywholeness, unity EggEgg (Oval)—the mystery(Oval)—the mystery of life and the forces ofof life and the forces of regenerationregeneration
- 19. AnimalsAnimals SnakeSnake (serpent, worm)(serpent, worm) —evil,—evil, corruption,corruption, sensuality,sensuality, destruction,destruction, wisdom,wisdom, temptationtemptation Dark-colored birdDark-colored bird (raven, hawk)—death,(raven, hawk)—death, hate, corruptionhate, corruption Light-coloredLight-colored birdbird (dove)—(dove)— peace, love, lifepeace, love, life
- 20. NumbersNumbers ThreeThree (3)—represents unity, spiritual(3)—represents unity, spiritual awareness, and lightawareness, and light FourFour (4)—cycle of life, (earth, water,(4)—cycle of life, (earth, water, fire, air) naturefire, air) nature SevenSeven (7)—unity between 3 and 4,(7)—unity between 3 and 4, completion and perfect ordercompletion and perfect order
- 21. garden paradise, innocence, unspoiled feminine beauty, fertility desert lack of spirituality, death, hopelessness
- 22. Mountains and peaksMountains and peaks Highest peak is place toHighest peak is place to “see” far“see” far Place to gain great insightPlace to gain great insight Caves and tunnelsCaves and tunnels Deep down whereDeep down where character delves into selfcharacter delves into self Place that character goesPlace that character goes when “invisible” orwhen “invisible” or inactiveinactive At the extreme mayAt the extreme may signify deathsignify death
- 23. ForestForest Habitat of the GreatHabitat of the Great Mother (Mother Nature),Mother (Mother Nature), Fertility. The vegetationFertility. The vegetation and animals flourish inand animals flourish in this “green world”this “green world” because of thebecause of the sustaining power of thesustaining power of the Great Mother.Great Mother. Symbolically theSymbolically the primitive levels of theprimitive levels of the feminine psyche,feminine psyche, protective andprotective and sheltering. Those whosheltering. Those who enter often lose theirenter often lose their direction or rationaldirection or rational outlook and thus tap intooutlook and thus tap into their collectivetheir collective unconscious.unconscious.
- 25. Character ArchetypesCharacter Archetypes The greatThe great teacher/mentorteacher/mentor HeroHero OutcastOutcast VillainVillain Earth mother Circle The innocent RingRing GaladrielGaladriel SauronSauron AragornAragorn GollumGollum GandalfGandalf FrodoFrodo
- 26. Summer ReadingSummer Reading Think about theThink about the books you read overbooks you read over the summer, (Thethe summer, (The Life of Pi, Girl with aLife of Pi, Girl with a Pearl Earring, APearl Earring, A Northern Light,Northern Light, Peace, Like a River,Peace, Like a River, Like Water forLike Water for Elephants, The KiteElephants, The Kite Runner, and To Kill aRunner, and To Kill a Mockingbird). WhatMockingbird). What archetypes did youarchetypes did you notice in thosenotice in those books? For example,books? For example, water in the Life ofwater in the Life of Pi.Pi.
- 27. http://www.slideshare.net/RachalJames/the-psychology-of-color-http://www.slideshare.net/RachalJames/the-psychology-of-color- presentationpresentation OrangeOrange – vibrantvibrant – combination of redcombination of red and yellowand yellow – denotes energy,denotes energy, warmth, and thewarmth, and the sunsun – less intensity orless intensity or aggression than redaggression than red – calmed by thecalmed by the cheerfulness ofcheerfulness of yellowyellow BrownBrown – wholesomeness andwholesomeness and earthinessearthiness – representsrepresents steadfastness,steadfastness, simplicity,simplicity, friendliness,friendliness, dependability, anddependability, and healthhealth – warm neutral colorwarm neutral color that can stimulatethat can stimulate the appetitethe appetite