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What is an archetype?
 A term used to describe universal symbols that evoke
 deep and sometimes unconscious responses in a
 reader.

 Characters, images, and themes that symbolically
 embody universal meanings and basic human
 experiences, regardless of when or where they live, are
 considered archetypes.

 Common literary archetypes include: stories of quests,
 initiations, outcasts, descents to the underworld, and
 ascents to heaven.
Common Character Archetypes
 The Hero: The courageous figure, the one
 who’s always running in and saving the
 day.


 The Outcast: A figure who is banished
 from a social group for some crime against
 his fellow man or has left it on a voluntary
 basis. Usually destined to become a
 wanderer.

 The Scapegoat: The scapegoat figure is
 one who gets blamed for everything,
 regardless of whether he/she is actually at
 fault; sacrificed but they often become
 more powerful force dead than alive.
Common Character Archetypes,
Continued
 The Star-Crossed Lovers: This is the
 young couple joined by love but
 unexpectedly parted by fate.
 Mentor: teacher or counselor to the
 initiate; often are father or mother
 figures to the hero or heroine
 Temptress: sensuous beauty; brings
 about the hero’s downfall because
 he is physically attracted to her.
 Distracts hero from his
 goals/responsibilities.
Situational Archetypes
 The Task: A situation in which a character, or
 group of characters, is driven to complete some
 duty often of monstrous proportion. (i.e. Frodo’s
 task to keep the ring safe in The Lord of the Rings)

 The Quest: Here, the character(s) are searching for
  something, whether consciously or unconsciously.
  Their actions, thoughts, and feelings center
  around the goal of completing the quest.
Situational Archetypes, Continued
 The Loss of Innocence: This is, as the name
 implies, a loss of innocence through sexual
 experience, violence, or any other means.

 The Initiation: This is the process by which a
 character is brought into another sphere of
 influence, usually (in literature) into adulthood.
Common Image Archetypes
 Certain images that recur in myths and other
  genres of literature often have a common meaning
  or tend to elicit comparable psychological
  responses and to serve similar cultural functions.
    Water
    Sun
    Colors
    Shapes, Numbers, & Other objects
Water
 a symbol of life,
      cleansing, and
      rebirth—represents the mystery of creation

  Examples:
  Sea—spiritual mystery and infinity; timelessness
  and eternity

  River—death / rebirth (baptism), flowing of time
  into eternity, transitional phases of the life cycle
Sun
       Represents energy, creativity,
        thinking, enlightenment,
        wisdom, spiritual vision, the
        passing of time, and life

       Examples:
       Rising Sun—Birth and
       Creation

       Setting Sun—Death
Colors
  •Red   love, sacrifice, hate, evil, anger, violent
          passion, sin, blood, disorder
  •Green birth / death, fertility, luck, hope,
          jealousy, decay, greed
  •Blue sadness, spiritual purity, truth, religious
          feelings of security
  •Black power, doom, death, darkness, mystery,
          primal wisdom, unconscious evil
         purity, innocence, death, terror,
  •White supernatural, blinding truth
Shapes
 Circle (Sphere)—wholeness, unity


 Egg (Oval)—the mystery of life and the
 forces of regeneration
Animals
 Snake (serpent, worm)—evil,
  corruption, sensuality,
  destruction, wisdom, temptation

 Dark-colored bird (raven,
  hawk)—death, hate, corruption

 Light-colored bird (dove)—peace,
  love, life
Numbers
 Three (3)—represents unity,
  spiritual awareness, and light

 Four (4)—cycle of life, (earth,
 water, fire, air) nature

 Seven (7)—unity between 3 and
 4, completion and perfect order
Symbols in The Great Gatsby
 Based on what you know about the meaning of
  symbols, create a statement of symbolism with
  your table partner about the following object:
  The eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleberg
 ________ represents _________ because ________.
 Support each symbol and your analysis with three
  quotes from The Great Gatsby.

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Archetypal symbols (best)

  • 1.
  • 2. What is an archetype?  A term used to describe universal symbols that evoke deep and sometimes unconscious responses in a reader.  Characters, images, and themes that symbolically embody universal meanings and basic human experiences, regardless of when or where they live, are considered archetypes.  Common literary archetypes include: stories of quests, initiations, outcasts, descents to the underworld, and ascents to heaven.
  • 3. Common Character Archetypes  The Hero: The courageous figure, the one who’s always running in and saving the day.  The Outcast: A figure who is banished from a social group for some crime against his fellow man or has left it on a voluntary basis. Usually destined to become a wanderer.  The Scapegoat: The scapegoat figure is one who gets blamed for everything, regardless of whether he/she is actually at fault; sacrificed but they often become more powerful force dead than alive.
  • 4. Common Character Archetypes, Continued  The Star-Crossed Lovers: This is the young couple joined by love but unexpectedly parted by fate.  Mentor: teacher or counselor to the initiate; often are father or mother figures to the hero or heroine  Temptress: sensuous beauty; brings about the hero’s downfall because he is physically attracted to her. Distracts hero from his goals/responsibilities.
  • 5. Situational Archetypes  The Task: A situation in which a character, or group of characters, is driven to complete some duty often of monstrous proportion. (i.e. Frodo’s task to keep the ring safe in The Lord of the Rings)  The Quest: Here, the character(s) are searching for something, whether consciously or unconsciously. Their actions, thoughts, and feelings center around the goal of completing the quest.
  • 6. Situational Archetypes, Continued  The Loss of Innocence: This is, as the name implies, a loss of innocence through sexual experience, violence, or any other means.  The Initiation: This is the process by which a character is brought into another sphere of influence, usually (in literature) into adulthood.
  • 7. Common Image Archetypes  Certain images that recur in myths and other genres of literature often have a common meaning or tend to elicit comparable psychological responses and to serve similar cultural functions.  Water  Sun  Colors  Shapes, Numbers, & Other objects
  • 8. Water  a symbol of life, cleansing, and rebirth—represents the mystery of creation Examples: Sea—spiritual mystery and infinity; timelessness and eternity River—death / rebirth (baptism), flowing of time into eternity, transitional phases of the life cycle
  • 9. Sun  Represents energy, creativity, thinking, enlightenment, wisdom, spiritual vision, the passing of time, and life Examples: Rising Sun—Birth and Creation Setting Sun—Death
  • 10. Colors •Red love, sacrifice, hate, evil, anger, violent passion, sin, blood, disorder •Green birth / death, fertility, luck, hope, jealousy, decay, greed •Blue sadness, spiritual purity, truth, religious feelings of security •Black power, doom, death, darkness, mystery, primal wisdom, unconscious evil purity, innocence, death, terror, •White supernatural, blinding truth
  • 11. Shapes  Circle (Sphere)—wholeness, unity  Egg (Oval)—the mystery of life and the forces of regeneration
  • 12. Animals  Snake (serpent, worm)—evil, corruption, sensuality, destruction, wisdom, temptation  Dark-colored bird (raven, hawk)—death, hate, corruption  Light-colored bird (dove)—peace, love, life
  • 13. Numbers  Three (3)—represents unity, spiritual awareness, and light  Four (4)—cycle of life, (earth, water, fire, air) nature  Seven (7)—unity between 3 and 4, completion and perfect order
  • 14. Symbols in The Great Gatsby  Based on what you know about the meaning of symbols, create a statement of symbolism with your table partner about the following object:  The eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleberg  ________ represents _________ because ________.  Support each symbol and your analysis with three quotes from The Great Gatsby.