This document provides guidelines for the design and application of guide signs in Malaysia. It outlines the classification and purpose of different types of traffic signs, including regulatory, warning, temporary, and guide signs. It then discusses general design considerations for all traffic signs, such as recommended colors, lettering, symbols, and materials. The document focuses on providing standards and examples for the layout, design, and proper use of various guide signs, including destination, directional, distance, information, and route marker signs. It includes appendices with additional details on sign design elements, approved abbreviations, and examples of typical sign applications.
This document discusses site possession in construction contracts. It begins by defining site and possession. It then discusses the contractor's right to enter the site and occupy it from the date of possession until completion. The contractor must be given reasonable possession of the site to carry out the works. The document outlines the process for site possession, including the letter of acceptance, fixing the date for possession, and the contractor's obligations after taking possession. It also discusses delays in giving possession, the contractor's options, and conditions that must be met before commencing work such as providing insurance documents. Overall, the document provides an overview of site possession procedures and the contractor and employer's obligations regarding possession of the construction site.
Sectional completion and partial possession by employer PP2 Coursework 1Arissa Loh
This document discusses provisions in construction contracts relating to partial possession and sectional completion by the employer. It explains that the employer may take early possession of completed sections before overall practical completion for business or commercial reasons, with or without the contractor's consent. Key points covered include requirements and effects of partial possession with consent, restrictions on taking possession without consent, and allowing for different commencement and completion dates for sections of large or phased projects.
This document discusses site possession under construction contracts. It defines site and possession, and outlines the contractor's rights and obligations regarding site possession. Some key points:
- The contractor has the right to enter, occupy, and use the site from the possession date until completion to carry out the works. Possession allows exclusive use of the site as needed to construct the works.
- The contractor must inspect the site before submitting their tender to understand site conditions. They are responsible for all information affecting their tender.
- The employer must give possession by the stated date to allow the contractor to start work. This is usually 2 weeks after contract award. The contractor must then commence and diligently proceed with the works to the
Semester 6
CB601 CONTRACT, ESTIMATING AND COSTING FOR BUILDING SERVICES
Garis Panduan Tender
Bahagian Perolehan Kerajaan
KEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN MALAYSIA
Edisi Januari 2008
This document provides the preface and contents for the second edition of the Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works in Malaysia. It summarizes the changes in construction methods that prompted the need for an updated reference document. It describes the process undertaken by the committee to adopt the British SMM6 as a basis and incorporate local practices and materials. The document outlines the goals for this edition to reflect tradition while allowing flexibility for modern use and future technological changes.
Provisional sums are amounts included in a construction contract for work that is not fully defined at the time of tendering. There are two types: defined provisional sums where some information is provided, and undefined where minimal information is given. Contractors are expected to account for these sums in their programming and preliminaries. Provisional sums are expended through an architect's instruction and valued like a variation. Risks include the actual cost exceeding the amount allowed if the work changes from tender to completion. Prime cost sums are for nominated subcontractors or suppliers, and exclude any overhead and profit for the main contractor.
This document contains a bill of quantities for a Class D bungalow project. It includes item descriptions, quantities, units, and rates for external walls, internal walls, wall finishes, floor finishes, ceiling finishes, and a summary page. Quantities and costs are provided for various construction materials and tasks such as brickwork, plastering, tiling, and painting of walls, floors and ceilings of the bungalow.
This document provides an elemental cost analysis for a proposed 20-storey apartment block with 375 units and public facilities on level 5. It includes summaries of the gross floor area, functional units, and a breakdown of costs for elements like the frame, upper floors, roof, stairs, walls, doors, finishes, fittings and plumbing. The total estimated cost is RM59,103,612.65 with discounts and rationalizations applied to individual element costs.
This document discusses site possession in construction contracts. It begins by defining site and possession. It then discusses the contractor's right to enter the site and occupy it from the date of possession until completion. The contractor must be given reasonable possession of the site to carry out the works. The document outlines the process for site possession, including the letter of acceptance, fixing the date for possession, and the contractor's obligations after taking possession. It also discusses delays in giving possession, the contractor's options, and conditions that must be met before commencing work such as providing insurance documents. Overall, the document provides an overview of site possession procedures and the contractor and employer's obligations regarding possession of the construction site.
Sectional completion and partial possession by employer PP2 Coursework 1Arissa Loh
This document discusses provisions in construction contracts relating to partial possession and sectional completion by the employer. It explains that the employer may take early possession of completed sections before overall practical completion for business or commercial reasons, with or without the contractor's consent. Key points covered include requirements and effects of partial possession with consent, restrictions on taking possession without consent, and allowing for different commencement and completion dates for sections of large or phased projects.
This document discusses site possession under construction contracts. It defines site and possession, and outlines the contractor's rights and obligations regarding site possession. Some key points:
- The contractor has the right to enter, occupy, and use the site from the possession date until completion to carry out the works. Possession allows exclusive use of the site as needed to construct the works.
- The contractor must inspect the site before submitting their tender to understand site conditions. They are responsible for all information affecting their tender.
- The employer must give possession by the stated date to allow the contractor to start work. This is usually 2 weeks after contract award. The contractor must then commence and diligently proceed with the works to the
Semester 6
CB601 CONTRACT, ESTIMATING AND COSTING FOR BUILDING SERVICES
Garis Panduan Tender
Bahagian Perolehan Kerajaan
KEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN MALAYSIA
Edisi Januari 2008
This document provides the preface and contents for the second edition of the Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works in Malaysia. It summarizes the changes in construction methods that prompted the need for an updated reference document. It describes the process undertaken by the committee to adopt the British SMM6 as a basis and incorporate local practices and materials. The document outlines the goals for this edition to reflect tradition while allowing flexibility for modern use and future technological changes.
Provisional sums are amounts included in a construction contract for work that is not fully defined at the time of tendering. There are two types: defined provisional sums where some information is provided, and undefined where minimal information is given. Contractors are expected to account for these sums in their programming and preliminaries. Provisional sums are expended through an architect's instruction and valued like a variation. Risks include the actual cost exceeding the amount allowed if the work changes from tender to completion. Prime cost sums are for nominated subcontractors or suppliers, and exclude any overhead and profit for the main contractor.
This document contains a bill of quantities for a Class D bungalow project. It includes item descriptions, quantities, units, and rates for external walls, internal walls, wall finishes, floor finishes, ceiling finishes, and a summary page. Quantities and costs are provided for various construction materials and tasks such as brickwork, plastering, tiling, and painting of walls, floors and ceilings of the bungalow.
This document provides an elemental cost analysis for a proposed 20-storey apartment block with 375 units and public facilities on level 5. It includes summaries of the gross floor area, functional units, and a breakdown of costs for elements like the frame, upper floors, roof, stairs, walls, doors, finishes, fittings and plumbing. The total estimated cost is RM59,103,612.65 with discounts and rationalizations applied to individual element costs.
The document discusses measurement quantities for piling works. It describes that piles are building structures that receive and spread loads underground. Piles come in various sizes and types depending on soil conditions, design loads, and site requirements. The document provides classifications of piles by material and lists typical sequences of piling work. It includes examples of taking off lists, query lists, and a schedule of pile caps and types of piles.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTRACT FORM JKR 203A & PAMAnep Botak
The document compares differences between the JKR 203A and PAM forms of construction contracts. The key differences are:
- JKR 203A is used for public sector projects while PAM is used for private sector projects. PAM only covers building works while JKR covers all engineering works.
- The period for honoring interim certificates is 30 days for JKR 203A and 21 days for PAM 2006.
- The PAM 2006 contract, unlike previous versions and JKR 203A, contains provisions allowing contractors to suspend work if they face delayed or non-payment from the employer.
This work instruction outlines the process for installing road furniture such as signage, road markings, and kerbs on civil engineering projects. It describes the responsibilities, materials, equipment, and preparatory work required. The installation process involves setting out locations, inspecting materials, digging holes, erecting signage, applying road markings, and laying and painting kerbs according to drawings, specifications and manufacturer's instructions. Joint inspections are carried out upon completion of road furniture works.
This document provides information on safety grills for windows including specifications, rate analysis, and installation process. It also discusses approximate estimations for various flyover projects. Specifically, it details the process of measuring and fabricating window safety grills through welding, painting, drilling holes, and installing the grills. The rate analysis assumes a 6x6 foot window with 12 horizontal and vertical steel bars spaced 150mm apart. References and rate analysis excel files are also included.
The document discusses the building plan approval process for Sepang Municipal Council. It provides background on SMC's responsibilities over development and community plans. It defines building plan approval as formal authorization to construct a structure according to approved drawings and codes. The objective is to ensure structures are safely constructed in suitable locations according to by-laws. The approval process involves submitting documents, registering the application, technical review, approval or request for amendments, and final approval from the central planning board within 6 months. Required documents for building plans are also listed.
This document discusses contractors' obligations to remedy defects during the defects liability period in Malaysian construction contracts. It provides details on three key aspects:
1. Contractors are obligated under Clause 15.3 of PAM 2006 to remedy any defects at their own expense during the defects liability period.
2. The defects liability period typically lasts 12-18 months after the issuance of the certificate of practical completion, during which time contractors are liable for remedying defects.
3. For the contractor to receive the second half of the retention money, a certificate of making good of defects must be issued upon the contractor remedying all defects listed in the schedule of defects.
The document outlines scale of fees for consulting quantity surveyors, architects, and civil engineers in Malaysia. It provides categories and tables with percentage fees charged based on the total cost of construction works. Fees for quantity surveyors range from 1.5-0.9% depending on the number of similar units. Architect fees are calculated using tables with percentages ranging from 9.25-3.75% based on the total project cost. Engineering fees also use tables, with percentages ranging from 3-0.9% based on the total cost.
The document discusses tendering processes for construction projects. It defines tendering as sending drawings and bills of quantities to contractors to receive price estimates. The purpose of tendering is to select a main contractor. Different procurement methods are described such as traditional where the client separately selects a designer and contractor, or design-build where one company handles both. Factors like project size and economic climate affect the tendering method choice. Students are tasked to discuss tendering purposes and objectives, and select a method for a given project by considering build type.
This document estimates the costs for excavation work, lean concrete, hardcore, and concrete work below the lowest floor level of a building. It includes calculations for the material and labor costs to excavate to reduce the ground level, excavate pits for pad footings and stumps, and excavate trenches for ground beams. It also includes cost estimates for lean concrete screeds under pad footings, ground beams, and the ground floor slab, as well as hardcore under these elements. Finally, it provides cost calculations for vibrated reinforced concrete in pad footings, column stumps, ground beams, and concrete beds at different thicknesses. The estimates are based on material quantities and unit rates, with allowances made for labor costs,
Earnest money is a monetary deposit paid by bidders to show their sincerity and good faith in a project. It aims to prevent bidders from withdrawing their bids before the validity period ends. Standard earnest money amounts are 2% of the estimated project cost for works costing up to Rs. 10 crores, and 1% of estimated cost plus Rs. 20 lakhs for higher value projects. Earnest money is refunded once the contract is awarded, or forfeited if the bidder withdraws during the validity period. The document discusses earnest money definitions, forms, amounts, refund processes, and treatments under different scenarios.
This document outlines information regarding a course on tender evaluation processes. It discusses the course objectives, which are to understand the tender evaluation process and criteria. It describes the typical evaluation process, which involves 6 stages from issuing the tender to acceptance of bids. It also outlines the criteria used, which differ based on project size. The document provides details on the typical information and documents required for bid submissions and evaluates the bidder. It describes the multi-stage evaluation process used to assess bids for compliance, completeness, financial capacity, and experience.
Dokumen ini membahasikan Value Management Strategik (VMS) sebagai salah satu intervensi Pengurusan Nilai yang dilaksanakan pada tahap perancangan strategik projek untuk memastikan projek yang diusulkan memenuhi keperluan bisnis dan dapat dilaksanakan dengan anggaran biaya yang realistik. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses pelaksanaan VMS mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan projek oleh kementerian hingga pengesahan permohonan oleh Unit Per
Dokumen ini berisi jadual kadar harga untuk berbagai jenis pekerjaan penyelenggaraan termasuk menggali tanah untuk paip, longkang, tapak konkrit, pemasangan dan pembaikan paip najis tembikar dan besi tuang. Harga-harga tersebut mencakup biaya tenaga kerja, material dan peralatan yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut.
This document provides an elemental cost analysis for a proposed residential development project in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes details of the project such as the location, gross floor area, floor plans, and a breakdown of costs for each element of construction. The total contract sum for the project is RM1,588,044.50. The analysis further breaks down costs into sub-elements and provides unit rates for some items.
This document discusses certificates and payments related to construction contracts. It provides details on several key cases that establish that:
1) The existence of an interim certificate is a condition precedent for the contractor's right to receive payment for the amount stated in the certificate.
2) For an architect to issue a valid certificate, it must actually be sent to the contractor rather than just signed.
3) Non-payment of a certificate alone does not allow a contractor to terminate a contract, but persistent payment delays can constitute repudiation of the contract.
4) Interim certificates must be honored if they appear valid on their face and are within the architect's authority, absent proper evidence that variations in work were not
The document provides an elemental cost analysis for the construction of a proposed primary school comprising four-storey buildings and a one-storey canteen building. It includes details of the project such as location, gross floor area, contract sum, and completion dates. The analysis then breaks down costs for each construction element, including piling, framing, floors, walls, finishes, services, and site works. Charts and tables show quantities and costs for materials like concrete, reinforcement, and formwork. The total project cost was RM 7,249,424.43 based on a 4717.07 square meter gross floor area.
This document provides tender documents for the construction of a double-storey house show unit. It includes:
1) Details of the proposed construction project such as the location, scope of works and completion period.
2) An outline of the tender documents including conditions of contract, specifications, bills of quantities and drawings.
3) Instructions for tendering including the contractual arrangement, issue and collection of tender documents, tendering period, and requirements for the tender submission.
4) Conditions related to alterations to text, tender prices, deviations from specifications, and rectification of errors in the bills of quantities.
The document discusses the procedure and essential elements involved in preparing a final account. It defines key terms like final account, provisional sums, and prime cost sums. The procedure for final account involves the contractor submitting documents within 6 months of completion for the architect to complete the account within another 6 months. Adjustments must be made for variations, remeasuring provisional quantities, omitting unused provisional/prime cost sums, and adding back nominated subcontractors' accounts. Implications of omitting works from the bill of quantities and not allowing them as provisional sums are discussed from the client and contractor perspectives.
The document discusses contract payments and variations for a construction management and supervision training program. It defines contract payments, advance payments, interim payments, final certificates, and retention. It describes the authority levels of the engineer, engineer's representative, and employer for approving payments. It also defines what constitutes a variation, references the relevant ICTAD documents for variations procedures, and outlines the authority and process for approving variations, including NWSDB's procedure.
This document outlines design standards for a highway project. It discusses standards for road capacity, geometric design, intersections, bridges and culverts, pavements, and other road elements. The standards are sourced from Indian Road Congress codes and Ministry of Road Transport & Highways guidelines. Tables summarizing the adopted standards are presented for various elements, including minimum median widths, carriageway widths, shoulder widths, slopes, sight distances, and more. Pavement designs will follow IRC standards and consider a 20-year performance period. Bridge and culvert designs will be based on the latest IRC and IS codes.
This document contains practice questions from 5 units of the 7th semester Traffic Engineering and Management course for the Anna University November/December 2019 exams. It includes 50 questions on topics like vehicular characteristics, traffic volume studies, types of traffic signals and intersections, channelization, traffic management techniques, and more. The questions range from short definitions and explanations to longer multi-part design and analytical problems. The document is intended as a study guide to help students prepare for the upcoming exams.
The document discusses measurement quantities for piling works. It describes that piles are building structures that receive and spread loads underground. Piles come in various sizes and types depending on soil conditions, design loads, and site requirements. The document provides classifications of piles by material and lists typical sequences of piling work. It includes examples of taking off lists, query lists, and a schedule of pile caps and types of piles.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTRACT FORM JKR 203A & PAMAnep Botak
The document compares differences between the JKR 203A and PAM forms of construction contracts. The key differences are:
- JKR 203A is used for public sector projects while PAM is used for private sector projects. PAM only covers building works while JKR covers all engineering works.
- The period for honoring interim certificates is 30 days for JKR 203A and 21 days for PAM 2006.
- The PAM 2006 contract, unlike previous versions and JKR 203A, contains provisions allowing contractors to suspend work if they face delayed or non-payment from the employer.
This work instruction outlines the process for installing road furniture such as signage, road markings, and kerbs on civil engineering projects. It describes the responsibilities, materials, equipment, and preparatory work required. The installation process involves setting out locations, inspecting materials, digging holes, erecting signage, applying road markings, and laying and painting kerbs according to drawings, specifications and manufacturer's instructions. Joint inspections are carried out upon completion of road furniture works.
This document provides information on safety grills for windows including specifications, rate analysis, and installation process. It also discusses approximate estimations for various flyover projects. Specifically, it details the process of measuring and fabricating window safety grills through welding, painting, drilling holes, and installing the grills. The rate analysis assumes a 6x6 foot window with 12 horizontal and vertical steel bars spaced 150mm apart. References and rate analysis excel files are also included.
The document discusses the building plan approval process for Sepang Municipal Council. It provides background on SMC's responsibilities over development and community plans. It defines building plan approval as formal authorization to construct a structure according to approved drawings and codes. The objective is to ensure structures are safely constructed in suitable locations according to by-laws. The approval process involves submitting documents, registering the application, technical review, approval or request for amendments, and final approval from the central planning board within 6 months. Required documents for building plans are also listed.
This document discusses contractors' obligations to remedy defects during the defects liability period in Malaysian construction contracts. It provides details on three key aspects:
1. Contractors are obligated under Clause 15.3 of PAM 2006 to remedy any defects at their own expense during the defects liability period.
2. The defects liability period typically lasts 12-18 months after the issuance of the certificate of practical completion, during which time contractors are liable for remedying defects.
3. For the contractor to receive the second half of the retention money, a certificate of making good of defects must be issued upon the contractor remedying all defects listed in the schedule of defects.
The document outlines scale of fees for consulting quantity surveyors, architects, and civil engineers in Malaysia. It provides categories and tables with percentage fees charged based on the total cost of construction works. Fees for quantity surveyors range from 1.5-0.9% depending on the number of similar units. Architect fees are calculated using tables with percentages ranging from 9.25-3.75% based on the total project cost. Engineering fees also use tables, with percentages ranging from 3-0.9% based on the total cost.
The document discusses tendering processes for construction projects. It defines tendering as sending drawings and bills of quantities to contractors to receive price estimates. The purpose of tendering is to select a main contractor. Different procurement methods are described such as traditional where the client separately selects a designer and contractor, or design-build where one company handles both. Factors like project size and economic climate affect the tendering method choice. Students are tasked to discuss tendering purposes and objectives, and select a method for a given project by considering build type.
This document estimates the costs for excavation work, lean concrete, hardcore, and concrete work below the lowest floor level of a building. It includes calculations for the material and labor costs to excavate to reduce the ground level, excavate pits for pad footings and stumps, and excavate trenches for ground beams. It also includes cost estimates for lean concrete screeds under pad footings, ground beams, and the ground floor slab, as well as hardcore under these elements. Finally, it provides cost calculations for vibrated reinforced concrete in pad footings, column stumps, ground beams, and concrete beds at different thicknesses. The estimates are based on material quantities and unit rates, with allowances made for labor costs,
Earnest money is a monetary deposit paid by bidders to show their sincerity and good faith in a project. It aims to prevent bidders from withdrawing their bids before the validity period ends. Standard earnest money amounts are 2% of the estimated project cost for works costing up to Rs. 10 crores, and 1% of estimated cost plus Rs. 20 lakhs for higher value projects. Earnest money is refunded once the contract is awarded, or forfeited if the bidder withdraws during the validity period. The document discusses earnest money definitions, forms, amounts, refund processes, and treatments under different scenarios.
This document outlines information regarding a course on tender evaluation processes. It discusses the course objectives, which are to understand the tender evaluation process and criteria. It describes the typical evaluation process, which involves 6 stages from issuing the tender to acceptance of bids. It also outlines the criteria used, which differ based on project size. The document provides details on the typical information and documents required for bid submissions and evaluates the bidder. It describes the multi-stage evaluation process used to assess bids for compliance, completeness, financial capacity, and experience.
Dokumen ini membahasikan Value Management Strategik (VMS) sebagai salah satu intervensi Pengurusan Nilai yang dilaksanakan pada tahap perancangan strategik projek untuk memastikan projek yang diusulkan memenuhi keperluan bisnis dan dapat dilaksanakan dengan anggaran biaya yang realistik. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan proses pelaksanaan VMS mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan projek oleh kementerian hingga pengesahan permohonan oleh Unit Per
Dokumen ini berisi jadual kadar harga untuk berbagai jenis pekerjaan penyelenggaraan termasuk menggali tanah untuk paip, longkang, tapak konkrit, pemasangan dan pembaikan paip najis tembikar dan besi tuang. Harga-harga tersebut mencakup biaya tenaga kerja, material dan peralatan yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut.
This document provides an elemental cost analysis for a proposed residential development project in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes details of the project such as the location, gross floor area, floor plans, and a breakdown of costs for each element of construction. The total contract sum for the project is RM1,588,044.50. The analysis further breaks down costs into sub-elements and provides unit rates for some items.
This document discusses certificates and payments related to construction contracts. It provides details on several key cases that establish that:
1) The existence of an interim certificate is a condition precedent for the contractor's right to receive payment for the amount stated in the certificate.
2) For an architect to issue a valid certificate, it must actually be sent to the contractor rather than just signed.
3) Non-payment of a certificate alone does not allow a contractor to terminate a contract, but persistent payment delays can constitute repudiation of the contract.
4) Interim certificates must be honored if they appear valid on their face and are within the architect's authority, absent proper evidence that variations in work were not
The document provides an elemental cost analysis for the construction of a proposed primary school comprising four-storey buildings and a one-storey canteen building. It includes details of the project such as location, gross floor area, contract sum, and completion dates. The analysis then breaks down costs for each construction element, including piling, framing, floors, walls, finishes, services, and site works. Charts and tables show quantities and costs for materials like concrete, reinforcement, and formwork. The total project cost was RM 7,249,424.43 based on a 4717.07 square meter gross floor area.
This document provides tender documents for the construction of a double-storey house show unit. It includes:
1) Details of the proposed construction project such as the location, scope of works and completion period.
2) An outline of the tender documents including conditions of contract, specifications, bills of quantities and drawings.
3) Instructions for tendering including the contractual arrangement, issue and collection of tender documents, tendering period, and requirements for the tender submission.
4) Conditions related to alterations to text, tender prices, deviations from specifications, and rectification of errors in the bills of quantities.
The document discusses the procedure and essential elements involved in preparing a final account. It defines key terms like final account, provisional sums, and prime cost sums. The procedure for final account involves the contractor submitting documents within 6 months of completion for the architect to complete the account within another 6 months. Adjustments must be made for variations, remeasuring provisional quantities, omitting unused provisional/prime cost sums, and adding back nominated subcontractors' accounts. Implications of omitting works from the bill of quantities and not allowing them as provisional sums are discussed from the client and contractor perspectives.
The document discusses contract payments and variations for a construction management and supervision training program. It defines contract payments, advance payments, interim payments, final certificates, and retention. It describes the authority levels of the engineer, engineer's representative, and employer for approving payments. It also defines what constitutes a variation, references the relevant ICTAD documents for variations procedures, and outlines the authority and process for approving variations, including NWSDB's procedure.
This document outlines design standards for a highway project. It discusses standards for road capacity, geometric design, intersections, bridges and culverts, pavements, and other road elements. The standards are sourced from Indian Road Congress codes and Ministry of Road Transport & Highways guidelines. Tables summarizing the adopted standards are presented for various elements, including minimum median widths, carriageway widths, shoulder widths, slopes, sight distances, and more. Pavement designs will follow IRC standards and consider a 20-year performance period. Bridge and culvert designs will be based on the latest IRC and IS codes.
This document contains practice questions from 5 units of the 7th semester Traffic Engineering and Management course for the Anna University November/December 2019 exams. It includes 50 questions on topics like vehicular characteristics, traffic volume studies, types of traffic signals and intersections, channelization, traffic management techniques, and more. The questions range from short definitions and explanations to longer multi-part design and analytical problems. The document is intended as a study guide to help students prepare for the upcoming exams.
Main Guideline Manual for RTA approval guidelinesAmitKumarYadav68
This document provides an introduction to Dubai's Outdoor Advertising Manual. The manual aims to encourage and regulate outdoor advertising in Dubai to ensure safety, structural integrity, protection of Dubai's urban image and landscape, and balance between economic and aesthetic considerations. The manual applies to all lands in Dubai, including special procedures for free zones and islands. It provides guidance on placement and purpose of outdoor ads to balance revenues, safety and aesthetics in Dubai's built environment.
This document provides guidelines for sight distance and horizontal alignment design for roadways. It includes tables with recommended values for stopping sight distance, decision sight distance, horizontal curve radii, superelevation rates, and transition lengths. Stopping sight distance is the minimum distance required to stop a vehicle traveling at design speed. Decision sight distance allows additional time for driver maneuvers like avoiding obstacles or changing paths. Designers should provide decision sight distance where unexpected maneuvers may occur. The tables provide minimum curve radii values based on design speed and superelevation rates, with smaller radii allowed for higher superelevation. Superelevation is used to counteract centrifugal force on curves and transition lengths are needed to change cross slopes gradually
Channelizing Traffic Flow by Reducing Delay at Intersection IRJET Journal
This document discusses ways to reduce delays at intersections through improved traffic signal design. It begins by providing background on traffic signals and their purpose. Then it discusses the objectives of optimizing signal timing, including reducing delays and smoothing traffic flow. The document outlines the typical traffic signal design process, which involves determining phase plans, cycle lengths, green/red intervals and more. It also defines key terms related to signal timing like cycle, interval, phase and lost time. Overall, the document examines how synchronized and optimized traffic signal timing can help manage traffic flow and minimize delays at intersections.
Case Study on Highway Geometry for Two Lane HighwayIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on the geometric design of a two-lane highway. It discusses key geometric design elements like carriageway, median, horizontal and vertical curves, and sight distance. It analyzes the existing geometry of a 12.4 km stretch of national highway in India, identifying locations that do not meet design standards like some horizontal curves with radii below 200m. The study aims to examine the existing design, identify safety issues, and provide a simple design that meets requirements safely and cost-effectively based on Indian Road Congress specifications.
IRJET- Review on Recent Traffic Signs in Lane MarkingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses recent developments in traffic signs and lane markings. It begins by noting the growth of road traffic in India and the resulting increase in accidents. It then reviews studies on the effects of lane width and position on driver behavior. The paper aims to compare lane markings between India and other countries, and identify different types of lane markings. It describes adaptive traffic signals that could help reduce congestion and accidents in India. Specific measures discussed include lane sign conversions, traffic indicators, delineators, and smart speed indicators. The goal is to apply technologies like these to better guide drivers and mitigate traffic problems in urban areas.
This document provides standards and procedures for preparing plan and profile drawings and sag templates used to locate structures for transmission line design. It discusses drawing preparation including scales, labeling, and required features. It also covers sag template design, including different sag curves for various temperature and loading conditions. Calculations and construction of sag templates are explained. The document aims to ensure structures are designed properly within capacity and provide adequate ground, structure, and object clearance for transmission lines.
Traffic engineering and traffic control devices finalLatif Hyder Wadho
This document provides an overview of traffic engineering and traffic control devices. It discusses the objectives of traffic engineering courses which are to lay a foundation of traffic engineering knowledge from both theory and practice. It also summarizes some basic traffic statistics for the US. The document then discusses several types of traffic control devices including signs, signals and markings which communicate traffic laws and regulations to drivers according to standards set by the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. It provides examples and guidelines for different types of regulatory, warning and guide signs.
The document provides an introduction to the Municipality of Clarington's Design Guidelines manual. The manual sets out design and construction requirements for new developments to aid engineers and developers. It references other standards and specifications that designs must meet. Variances to the specifications may be considered by the Director of Engineering if the Municipality's interests and sound engineering principles are upheld. Contact information is provided for the Engineering Services Department should anyone require further assistance.
Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key points effectively in 3 sentences as requested.
TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND ROAD SIGNS.docxNAUGHTYBOY9
This document contains a summary of various traffic control devices and road signs used in India. It defines different types of signs such as regulatory signs, warning signs, guide signs, and variable message signs. It also describes other traffic control devices like channelizing devices, road surface markings, lights, and rumble strips. The second half of the document lists common Indian traffic signs with their meanings and includes images of signs for one-way, no entry, speed limit, curves, pedestrian crossings, and more. It provides an overview of the purpose and function of different traffic control devices and signs used for road safety in India.
This document provides guidelines for road markings in India. It discusses the functions and types of road markings, including carriageway markings like center lines, edge lines, bus lanes, and bicycle lanes. It also covers transverse markings at intersections, such as stop lines and pedestrian crossings. Standard designs and specifications for various road markings are presented along with considerations for placement, materials, and maintenance. The guidelines aim to promote uniformity and standardization of road markings to minimize confusion and uncertainty for drivers and pedestrians.
This document provides specifications for a student project assessing a highway engineering module. Students are to design and detail the rehabilitation of a 1km critical road section selected from a 7km project area in Mattakkuliya, Sri Lanka. The project requires identification of existing conditions, geometric design, capacity design, pavement design, materials selection, and cost estimation. Students will submit individual reports and presentations. Reports will be assessed based on various design components and presentation will be assessed on technical content, presentation skills, and answers to questions.
Road markers classification using binary scanning and slope contoursTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Road markers guide the driver while driving on the road to control the traffic for the safety of
the road users. With the booming autonomous car technology, the road markers classification is important
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ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2E 87 GUIDE SIGNS DESIGN AND APPLICATION JABATAN KERJA RAYA
1. Page 1
ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2E/87
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
GUIDE SIGNS
DESIGN AND APPLICATION
JABATAN KERJA RAYA
CAWANGAN JALAN,
IBU PEJABAT J.K.R,
JALAN SULTAN SALAHUDDIN,
50582 KUALA LUMPUR. HARGA : RM 13.00
2. Page 2
GUIDE SIGNS DESIGN AND APPLICATION
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
PREFACE
This Arahan Teknik: (Jalan) 2E/87 - "Guide Sign Design And Application" - is an addition to the
Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2/85 series on "Manual on Traffic Control Devices" which was published in
1986. It is to be used for the design and application of guide signs. Nevertheless there are parts
of this Arahan Teknik which not only include, but add information on standard traffic signs i.e.
regulatory, warning and temporary signs. Since this Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2E/87 has in parts
superseded Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A/85 and Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2B/85, it must therefore be
read or used in conjunction with them. Attached within is also a summary of addendums and
amendments to both the Arahan Tekniks mentioned.
It must be noted that the sign design and application standard indicated in this Arahan Teknik and
those others in series 2/85 are to be followed at all times.
This Arahan Teknik. (Jalan) 2E/87 will be updated from time to time and in this respect any feed-
back from users will be most welcome. Any comments should be sent to Cawangan Jalan, Ibu
Pejabat JKR, Kuala Lumpur
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
3. Page 3
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
SUMMARY OF ADDENDUMS AND AMMENDMENTS TO ARAHAN
TEKNIK (JALAN) 2A & 2B / 85
ARAHAN
TEKNIK
SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE REMARK
2A/85
2 Types of Guide Signs 2
Amended - see
Section 1.3
3 Colour Code for Traffic Signs 3
Amended - see
Appendix E
4
List of Acceptable Abbreviations for Traffic
Signs 4
Amended - see
Appendix C
Part 1 Regulatory Signs 7-11
Addendum - see
Appendix F
Part 2 Warning Signs 21-40
Addendum - see
Appendix F
2B/85
2.12 Post & Mounting of Traffic Signs 11
Addendum - see
Section 2.4
2.14 Traffic Sign Materials 12
Addendum - see
Section 2.5
2.15 Colour Code for Traffic Signs 12
Addendum - see
Appendix E
2C.2 Classification of Guide Signs 15
Amended - see
Section 1.3
2C.3 Colours and Shape of Guide 15
Ammend - see
Section 2.1
2C.4 Size of Guide Signs 15
Addendum - see
Table 2.2
2C.5 Lettering on Guide Signs 16
Addendum - see
Table 2.2 & 2.3
2C.6 Border on Guide Signs 17
Amended - see
Table 2.2 & 2.3
2C.7 Directional Symbols on Guide Signs 18
Amended -see
Section 2.3
2C.8 Destination Signs 18
Amended - see
Sect. 3.1 & 3.2
2C.9 Distance Signs 20
Amended - see
Section 3.3
2C.10 Information Signs 20
Amended - see
Section 3.4
2C.11 Route Markers 22
Amended - see
Section 3.5
4. Page 4
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
CONTENTS PAGE
PART ONE: GENERAL ON TRAFFIC SIGNS
1.1 Purpose Of Traffic Signs 1-8
1.2 General Principles Of Traffic Signs 1-8
1.3 Classification Of Traffic Signs 1-8
PART TWO : GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION ON TRAFFIC SIGNS
2.1 Colours Of Traffic Signs 2-9
2.2 Lettering And Borders On Traffic Signs 2-9
2.3 Symbol On Traffic: Signs 2-9
2.4 Post And Mounting of Traffic Signs 2-9
2.5 Materials Used Can Traffic Signs 2-10
PART THREE: LAYOUT DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF GUIDE SIGNS
3.1 General 3-19
3.2 Destination Signs 3-19
3.3 Directional Signs 3-1 9
3.4 Distance Signs 3-19
3.5 Information Signs 3-19
3.6 Route Number Markers 3-27
APPENDIX A (Addendums, Supplementary And Sizes)
APPENDIX B Placenames On Guide Signs on Federal And Major State Roads
APPENDIX C Standard Abbreviation for Place Names
APPENDIX D Application Of Guide Signs
APPENDIX E Colour Codes And Chromaticity Coordinates
APPENDIX F Additional Standard Traffic Signs
5. Page 5
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
3.1 Layout Design Of Destination Signs 3-20
3.2 Layout Design Of Directional Signs 3-22
3.2A An Example Of Directional Sign And
Information Sign Mounted On The Same Posts 3-24
3.3 Layout Design Of Distance Signs 3-25
3.4 Layout Design Of Information Signs (General Service Sign) 3-28
3.5 Layout Design Of Information Signs
(Recreational or Historical and Cultural Interest Area Sign) 3-29
3.6 Layout Design Of Information Signs
(Service and RecreationalSigns) 3-30
3.7 Layout Design Of Information Signs
(River Name Sign) 3-31
3.8 Layout Design Of Information Signs
(Town or Village Name Sign) 3-32
3.9 Layout Design Of Information Signs
(Government Building Sign) 3-33
3.10 Layout Design Of Information Signs (Message Sign) 3-34
3.11 Layout Design Of Information Signs 3-35
(Example Of Message Signs)
3.12 Layout Design Of Information Signs (Warning Message Sign) 3-36
3.13 Layout Design Of Information Signs 3-37
(Examples Of Warning Message Signs)
3.14 Layout Design Of Information Signs 3-38
(Examples of Warning Message Signs)
3.15 Layout Design Of Route Number Markers (Type A) 3-40
3.16 Layout Design of Route Number Markers (Type B and Type C ) 3-41
6. Page 6
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIGURE PAGE
A.1 Directional. Arrow A-64
A.2 Diagramatic Pointers A-65
A.3 Gantry Arrow A-66
A.4 Expressway Logo A-67
D.1 Typical Application Of Guide Signs For T-Intersection
Leading To Place Names in Appendix B D-114
D.2 Typical Application Of Guide Signs For T-Intersect Lion. Not Listed And Not Leading
Names In To Place Names In Appendix B But Major State Links D-115
D.3 Typical Application Of Guide Signs For T-Intersection Of Minor Roads D-116
D.4 Typical Application of Guide Signs For X-Intersection
Leading To Place Names in Appendix B D-117
D.5 Typical Application Of Guide Signs For X-Intersection Not Listed And Not
Leading To Place Names in Appendix B But Major State Links D-118
D.6 Typical Application Of Guide Signs For X-Intersection Of Minor Roads D-119
D.7 Actual Example Of Guide Signs Application D-120
D.8 Details Of The Guide- Signs Indicated In Fig.D.7 D-121
D.9 Application of Recreational Area Signs D-122
E.1 Chromaticity Diagram
E-125
F.1 Supplementary Standard Warning Signs F-128
F.2 Addendums To Standard Warning Signs F-129
F.3 Addendums To Standard Warning Signs F-130
F.4 Addendums To Standard Warning Signs F-131
F.5 Supplementary Sign For RM1 F-132
F.6 Addendums To Standard Regulatory Signs F-133
7. Page 7
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2.1 Colour Of Traffic Signs 2-11
2.2 Types And Sizes Of Letterings And Borders On Traffic Signs 2-13
2.3 Letter Height And Border Width 2-15
2.4 Directional Symbols 2-17
2.5 Arrangement Of Directional Arrows In Descending Order 2-18
3.1 Information Signs 3-27
3.2 Details Of Route Markers 3-39
A.1 Series 1 & Lower Case -
Unit Letter Width, Spacing Constants, Mosaic Width A-45
A.2 Series 1 -
Unit Numeral Width, Spacing Constants, Mosaic Width A-46
A.3 Lower Case - Letter Width A-54
A.4 Lower Case - Spacing Between Letters A-55
A.5 Lower Case - Spacing Factor A-56
A.6 Series 2 - Letter And Numeral Dimensions A-58
A.7 Series 2 Letter And Numeral Spacings - Spacing Between Letters A-62
A.8 Series 2 Letter And Numeral Spacings - Spacing Factors A-63
E.1 Chromaticity Coordinates E-124
F.1 Size Of Standard Traffic Signs F-127
8. Page 8
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
1.1 Purpose Of Traffic Signs
The purposeof traffic signs is to help
ensure the safe and informed operation
of every road user on the highway.
Traffic sign, are used to regulate, warn,
or guide road users. They are essential
where special regulations apply at
specific times only, or where hazards are
not self-evident. They also give
information as to highway routes,
directions, destinations and places of
interest.
1.2 General Principles Of Traffic
Signs
The following general principles are the
most important requirements to consider
in order to achieve the greatest
efficiency of traffic signs:
a) The signs must be designed for the
foreseeable traffic condition and
speeds on the roads on which they are
to be used.
b) The signs should be conspicuous so
that they will attract the attention of
drivers at a sufficient distance and
should be easily recognizable as
traffic signs at that distance.
c) The signs should contain only
essential information and their
significance should be clear at a
glance so that the driver's attention
is not distracted from the task of
driving.
d) The signs should be legible from
sufficiently far away to be read with
out diverting the sight through too
great an angle.
e) The signs should be placed so that
they are obscured as little as possible
by vehicles and other objects.
f) The signs should be designed and
the driver is left with sufficient time
to take any necessary action with
safety.
g) The signs should be effective both
by night and day. The critical factors
in meeting these requirements are
colour, shape and size of sign,
lettering and symbol sizes used,
layout of its face, its position and
illumination or reflectorization.
1.3 Classification of Traffic Signs
Functionally, traffic signs are generally
classified into the following types :
a) Regulatory Signs
b) Warning Signs
c) Temporary Signs
d) Guide Signs
i. Destination Signs
ii. Directional Signs
iii. Distance Signs
iv. Information Signs
v. Route Number Markers
vi. Kilometer Posts
e) Other Traffic Signs Gantry Signs This
Arahan Teknik only covers the design
and application of guide signs.The
guidelines for the design and
application of regulatory, warning and
temporary signs are covered by
Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A, 2S and
2C/85 respectively while that for
gantry sign will be covered by
another Arahan Teknik.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
PART ONE: GENERAL ON TRAFFIC SIGNS
9. Page 9
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
PART TWO: GENERAL DESIGN
CONSIDERATION ON TRAFFIC
SIGNS.
2.1 Colours Of Traffic Signs
Colour plays an important role in
distinguishing the nature of one traffic
sign from another such that road users
may not only recognize the traffic sign
as such but may also perceive a general
idea of the information before they
reach the point at which the message on
the sign becomes readable.
Sets of colour combination used for the
various type of traffic signs are shown in
Table 2.1. The colour codes and
coordinates indicated in Appendix E
have been established and identified for
use on traffic signs and posts.
2.2 Letterings And Borders On
Traffic Signs
Three types of lettering and two types of
border are used on traffic signs. The
letterings used are standard lettering
Series 1, Series 2 and Lower Case with
height -stroke width ratio 1:5,1:7.5 and
1:4 respectively while the borders used
are the light coloured extended to the
edge and the dark coloured set-in from
the edge types.
Standard letterings are shown in
Appendix A. Types and sizes of
letterings and borders used for the
various type of traffic signs are shown in
Table 2.2 and 2.3.
2.3 Symbols On Traffic Signs
The two types of symbols used on
traffic signs are directional and
information symbols. Directional
symbols are those that indicate
directions while information symbols
are those that provide information with
out the use of word messages.
Sizes and templates of standard
symbols used on traffic signs are
shown in Appendix A. Types and uses
of directional symbols are shown in
Table 2.4.
Information symbols which may in
some ways indicate the direction of
travel, such as the aeroplane, should be
used with caution.
2.4 Post And Mounting Of Traffic
Signs
Traffic signs should be installed
according to the requirements of Arahan
Teknik (Jalan) 2B/85. Traffic sign posts
shall be of steel posts of not less than
62mm outside diameter, and painted
with alternating black and white
stripes/bands of 300mm intervals.
Traffic signal posts, on the other hand,
should be painted with alternating black
and orange stripes/bands. It should be
noted that the first stripe/band from the
ground level for both posts is always
painted black. The back of every traffic
sign shall be painted grey and on it a
template with the date the sign was
manufactured arid: the naive of the
maufacturer shall be stated clearly.
Traffic signs exceeding 1.00m in any
dimension shall be stiffened by the
attachment of backing frames. Purlins
shall be required for those traffic signs
exceeding 1.50m in any dimension.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
10. Page 10
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
2.5 Materials Used Or Traffic
Signs
The following are the trio types of
material to be used on traffic signs:
a) Retro-reflective sheeting
b) Screening ink
2.5.1 Retro-reflective Sheeting.
Retro-reflective sheeting a material
consisting of one or more retro-
reflective elements embedded within
a transparent film having a smooth,
flat outer surface.Two types of
retro-reflective sheeting that have
been established and identified for
use on traffic signs are High
Intensity and Engineering Grade
retro-reflective sheetings. Both these
sheetings are available in sheets and
rolls with either heat activated-or
pressure sensitive adhesive. Heat
activated , adhesive sheeting are
bonded to sign substrate by means of
the vacuum-heat application method
with the heat Lamp vacuum
applicator while bonding of pressure
sensitive adhesive sheeting to sign
substrates is by the application of
pressure with hand roller, rubber
squeegee, hand or electrically
powered squeeze roll applicator.
Types of retro-reflective sheeting to
be used on the various type of traffic
signs are stated in the notes of Table
2.1.
2.5.2 Screening Ink
Screening ink is a transparent or
opaque coloured ink of non-
reflective element which is used at
times on retro-reflective sheetings to
provide colour fast pigmentation.
Screening ink cannot be affective,
and thus cannot be used on traffic
signs, unless it is first applied on a
retro-reflective sheeting by means of
the silk screen process. It should be
noted that a screening ink of one
brand that has been specified for use
on one type retro-reflective sheeting
cannot be screened over another
brand or type of retro-reflective
sheeting.
The use of screening inks is to be
limited only to standard traffic signs
(regulatory, warning and temporary).
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
11. Page 11
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TYPES OF TRAFFIC
SIGNS
LETTERING/
SYMBOL &
BORDER
BACKGROUND REMARK
I REGULATORY SIGNS AS SHOWN lN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2085
II WARNING SIGNS AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2A/85
III TEMPORARY SIGNS AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2C/ 65
IV GUIDE SIGNS
a. Destination Signs
WHITE BLUE
Except on LLM expressways
which should be white letters /
border on green background.
b. Directional Signs WHITE
WHITE
GREEN
BLUE
Those leading to or/and on LLM
Expressways except on leading to
LLM expressways . Those leading
to roads within a local council i.e
local streets should have yellow
letters for the street name.
c. Distance Signs WHITE BLUE
Except an LLM expressways
(white on green )
d. Information Signs :
i. General Service
ii. Recreational/Historical &
Cultural lnterest Areas
iii. River Name
iv. Town/ Village Name
v. Government Building
vi. Message
vii. Warning Message
WHITE
GREEN
WHITE
BLACK
YELLOW
WHITE
WHITE
BLUE
WHITE
GREEN
WHITE
GREEN
BLUE
RED
Applies only to those indicating sit-
uations of extreme danger
e. Route Marker BLACK YELLOW
f. Kilometer Posts AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK 1 JALAN) 9/86
v
OTHER TRAFFIC SIGNS
a . Gantry Signs
Applies to all roads except LLM
expressways. Local streets should
have yellow
letters for the street name.
TABLE 2.1 : COLOUR OF TRAFFIC SIGNS
12. Page 12
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
NOTE:
1) Type of Retro - Reflective Sheeting to be used on Traffic Signs
a. All standard traffic signs are to use High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting on their faces.
b. Guide sign are to use the following :
i) On U4 to U6 and R3 to R6, High Intensity retro-reflective sheeting is to be used.
ii) On other then the above roads, Engineering Grade retro-reflective sheeting is to be used.
c. Those traffic signs with white background are to use Engineering Grade retro- reflective
sheeting for the background Nevertheless, the letterings/symbol and border are to adhere to
the above statements (a ) and (b).
2) LLM Means Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia.
13. Page 13
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TABLE 2-2: TYPE AND SIZES OF LETTERINGS AND BORDERS ON
TRAFFIC SIGNS
TYPES OF TRAFFIC
SIGNS
TYPE OF
LETTERING
LETTER
HEIGHT
(mm)
TYPE OF
BORDER
(mm)
BORDER-
WIDTH
(mm)
REMARK
I REGULATORY SIGNS AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2A/15 AND SEE ALSO
APPENDIX F
II WARNING SIGNS
III TEMPORARY SIGNS AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 2C/85
IV GUIDE SIGNS
a. Destination Signs
Series 1 And
Lower Case
Refer to
Table 2.3
White And
Extended
Refer to
Table 2.3
Use Letter
Mosaics
b. Directional Signs
c Distance Signs
d. Information Signs
i. General Services 100 20
ii. Recreational/
Historical & Cultural
Interest Areas
Refer To
Table 1.3
Fig. 3.2A
Green And
Set-in
Refer To
Table 2.3
iii. River Name
100
WhiteAndE
xtended 10
iv. Town/Village Name
300
Black And
Set - in 20(15)
v. Government Building Refer To
Table 2.3
Fig. 3.2A
Yellow And
Extended
Refer
ToTable 2.3
vi. Message
Series 2
Refer To
Table 2.3
White And
Extended
Refer To
Table 2.3
Use Spacing
Factors
vii. Warning Message
Series 2
Refer To
Table 2.3
While &
Extended
Refer to
Table 2.3
e. Route Markers Refer To
Table 3.3
Black 6 Set
- in
Refer To
Table 3-1
f. Kilometer Posts AS SHOWN IN ARAHAN TEKNIK (JALAN) 9/06
v OTHER TRAFFIC SIGNS
a. Gantry Signs
Series 1 And
Lower Case
Refer To
Table 2.3
While And
Extended
Refer To
Table 1.3
Use Letter
Mosaics
14. Page 14
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
NOTE :
1. Values in ( ) refers to the width borders should be set in.
2. In order for Iong place name to fit into a sign of size not exceeding 5m by 4m, the size of the
lettering used may be reduced to 3/4 of the recommended letter height and the place name
may also be abbreviated if it uses any of the abbreviated words listed in Appendix C .
3. A long place name may have the words placed one on top of another with a vertical spacing
of I/2 of the recommended letter height between them and the first letter of the words an the
bottom row indented 3/4 of the recommended letter height away from the first letter of the
words on the upper row. This method should not be used in Conjunction with (2) above and a
not required when the recommended letter height is 100 mm or less .
4. For safety reasons, borders and corners of sign should be rounded on a radius approximately
1/16 of the lesser side dimension, but not to exceed 300mm
15. Page 15
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TABLE 2.3 : LETTER HEIGHT AND BORDER WIDTH
Road
Design
Standard
Road
Categories
RURAL URBAN
Terrain Letter
Height
(mm)
Border width
(mm)
Area
Type
Letter
Height
(mm)
Border Width
(mm)
Series I Series 2 Series I Series 2
R6
U6
Expressway F
R
M
250
200
200
50
40
40
30
30
30
I
II
III
200
200
200
40
40
40
30
30
30
R5
U5
Highways
Primary
Road Arterial
Road
F
R
M
200
150
150
60
30
30
30
20
20
I
II
III
150
150
150
30
30
30
20
20
20
R4
U4
Primary
Road
Secondary
Road
Arterial Road
Collector
Road
F
R
M
150
150
150
30
30
30
20
20
20
I
II
III
150
150
100
30
30
20
20
20
20
R3
U3
Secondary
Road
Collector
Road
Local Street
F
R
M
150
150
100
30
30
20
20
20
20
I
II
III
150
100
100
30
20
20
20
20
10
R2
U2
Minor Road
Local Street
F
R
M
150
100
100
30
20
20
20
20
20
I
II
III
100
100
100
10
20
20
20
20
20
R1/R1a
U1/U1a
Minor Road
Local Street
F
R
M
100
100
100
20
20
20
20
20
20
I
II
III
100
100
100
20
20
20
20
20
20
16. Page 16
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
NOTES :
1. Refer to Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 3/56 'A Guide On Geometric Design of Road' for
classification details of road design standard where 'R' stands for 'Rural' and 'U' stands for
'Urban'.
2. Terrain :
F - Flat
R - Rolling
M - Mountainous
3. Area Type
I - Relatively free in road location with very little problems as regards to land
acquisition , affected buildings and other socially sensitive areas.
II - Intermediate between I and III
III - Very restrictive in road location with problem as regards to land acquisition,
affected buildings and other sensitive area.
17. Page 17
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TYPE OF DIRECTIONAL
SYMBOLS
USES
1. DIRECTIONAL ARROWS a) Used on stack type signs.
b) Can be made to paint horizontally, Vertically or
at 45'c) If there is more than one arrow
the arrangement must be in anti - clockwise
direction as shown in table 2.5
2. DIAGRAMATIC POINTERS a) Used on map type signs.
b) Should only be used for roundabouts and
other more complicated interchanges.
3. GANTRY ARROWS a) Used on overhead signs.
b) Can only be used for lane control on high
speed multilane highways.
TABLE 2.4 : DIRECTIONAL SYMBOLS
18. Page 18
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TABLE 2.5 : ARRANGEMENT OF DIRECTIONAL ARROWS IN
DESCENDING ORDER
19. Page 19
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
3.1 General
The place names on all, guide signs
shall be limited to those in Appendix B
only. Except for directional signs within
town limits, where the next state capital
should be shown, all other guide signs
shall show the next immediate place
names as indicated in Appendix B.
3.2 Destination Signs
Destination signs are signs which give a
road user the information as to his route
before he reaches a major turning
roadway or junction leading to any of the
place names listed in Appendix B when
travelling on Highways and
Expressways. They should be located at a
distance lkm and 500m in advance of the
turning roadways or junctions.
Layout design and application of
destination signs are shown in Figure
3.1and Appendix D respectively.
3.3 Directional Signs
Directional signs are signs which give a
road user his route information as he
reaches a turning roadway or junction.
Two types of directional sign are the
stack type and the map type signs.
Layout design and application of
directional signs are shown in Figure 3.2
and Appendix D respectively.
3.4 Distance Signs
Distance signs are signs which give a
road user his route confirmation and
distance information after leaving a city
or municipality, and after maneuvering
into a turning roadway or juntion
leading to any of the place names listed
in Appendix B when traveling on
Highway and Expressway. Distance
signs should be located at the following
location :
a) 200m from a turning roadway or
150m beyond an acceleration
lane.
b) 100m outside the city or
municipality limits or at the edge
of the built-up districts.
c) 20km intervals along the route.
Layout design and application of
distance signs are shown Figure 3.3 and
Appendix D respectively.
3.5 Information Signs
Information signs are. signs which
inform road users of the names of town
and villages, recreational and
historical/cultural places, the availability
of facilities or services, and remind them
of road etiquette, etc. that have very
little or no relation to giving route
information.
Information signs may be either
symbols or word messages, and shall be
erected according to the nature of the
information to be given. Types and uses
of information signs are shown in Figure
3.4 to Figure 3.14.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
PART THREE : LAYOUT DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF GUIDE SIGNS
20. Page 20
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG 3.1 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF DESTINATION SIGNS
LEGEND : H : height of capital letter used. (Series I)
a,b,c : Distances showing that words or symbols must be centralized.
21. Page 21
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
NOTE :
1) Not more than 4 names should be used in combination but only 2 names can be shown
per route or direction.
2) Route numbers should he placed on the left side of place names.
3) Places of great interest that do not have their names listed in Appendix B such as Taman
Negara, Genting Highlands, Desaru etc. may also be shown provided the routes to these
places coincide with the routes to those listed ones.
4) Sign A and B are examples of destination signs at junctions wide Sign C is an example of
destination signs at interchanges.
22. Page 22
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG.3.2 LAYOUT DESIGN OF DIRECTIONAL SIGNS
LEGEND :
H : height of capital letter used. (Series I)
a,b,c, d : Distances showing that words or symbols must be centralized.
23. Guide Signs Design And Application
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
NOTE :
1) Not more than 5 names should be used in combination (except for round abouts with more
than 6 legs) but only 2 names can be shown per direction.
2) Route numbers should be placed on the left side of place names.
3) Unlike on destination and distance signs, places of great interest that do not have their names
listed in Appendix B may not be shown on directional signs. These places should be shown
as information signs mounted on the same posts. ( see Fig. 3.2)
4) The destination shown per direction should be the next principal destination i.e the next state
capital for those within a town limit, rather than a more distance one. If there are two
destinations per direction, the nearer one should be placed on top of any other farther away.
5) A place name can only appear once on the same signs.
6) All directional signs on JKR roads leading to LLM expressways must be white letters /border/
symbol on green background as shown by Sign A
7) All directional sign on JKR roads leading is roads within a local council (local streets with
street names) must have yellow letters for the street name as shown bellow by Sign B.
8) LLM expressway logo which is white in color should be shown and Iocated opposite the
directional arrow on directional signs leading to LLM expressways.
24. Page 24
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.2A : AN EXAMPLE OF DIRECTIONAL SIGN AND INFORMATION
SIGN MOUNTED THE SAME POSTS.
NOTE :
1) The example above shown a directional sign and on information sign (in this case a
recreational area sign ) mounted on the same posts.
2) Information signs mounted this way must always adhere to the following requirements:
a) The height of the capital letter used should be equal to that used for the directional sign.
b) The information sign must always be mounted below the directional sign. If there are
more than one, the information signs should be placed on a separate panel whereby the
anti-clockwise arrow convention should be followed.
25. Page 25
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.3 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF DISTANCE SIGNS
LEGEND :
H = height of capital letter used (Series 1)
a,b = distances showing that words or symbols must be centralized.
26. Page 26
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
NOTE :
1) Not more than 5 names should be used in combination but only 3 names can be shown per
route.
2) Distances should be shown an the right side of place names.
3) On-the-route route marker should be attached to the top at the sign and on and off-the-route
route number should be placed on the left side of the on and off-the route place names.
4) The nearer on-the-route destination should be placed as top of any on-the-route destination
farther away.
5) Destination(s) with the nearer off-the-route junction should be placed on top of any destination
with the off -the-route junction farther away.
6) Places of great interest that do not have their names listed in Appendix B such as Taman
Negara, Genting Highlands, Desaru etc. may also be shown provided the routes to these
places coincide with the routes to those listed ones.
7) Only the route marker attached to the top of the sign is required if there is no off-the-route
placed names as shown above by sign A.
27. Page 27
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
3.6 Route Number Markers
Route Number Markers are markers
which identify and mark all numbered
roads.
They are used for identification of roads,
for route confirmation and for guidance
and reassurance along the road .In State
roads, the route number markers should
be initiated with the same alphabet
designated on car registration numbers
which has already been assigned for that
particular state.
Unlike other guide signs, route markers
are ordinarily incorporated in the shape
of JKR logo, for Federal and State
roads, and due to their application, have
three fixed sizes. The relationship
between sizes and other details of route
markers is shown in Table 3.2. Layout
design and application of route markers
are shown in Figure 3.15 to Fig. 3.16
and Appendix D respectively.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TYPES USES
1. GENERAL SERVICES SIGNS In form road users of the availability of facilities
or services such as petrol, telephone etc.
2. *
*
*
* RECREATIONAL OR
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL
INTEREST AREA SIGNS
Inform road users of the names of and directions
to these places.
3. RIVER NAME SIGNS Inform road users of the name of rivers
4. TOWN OR VILLAGE NAME
SIGNS
Inform road users of the names of
towns/Villages
5. *
*
*
* GOVERNMENT BUILDING
SIGNS
Inform road users of the names of and directions
to these buildings such as Sri Perdana ,
Kementerian Kerjaraya etc.
6. MESSAGE SIGNS Normally give advices or reminders to road
users in the form of messages such as 'IKUT
KIRI JIKA TIDAK MEMOTONG', '
KENDERAAN BERAT IKUT KIRI; etc.
7. WARNING MESSAGE SIGNS Used only to indicate existing or potentially
extreme hazardous condition and should only be
applied where deemed necessary.
TABLE 3.1 : INFORMATION SIGNS
NOTE : *
*
*
* THESE SIGNS MAY BE PLACED ON THE SAME POSTS AS DIRECTIONAL
SIGNS BUT THEY MUST NEVER BE PLACED ON TOP OF ANY
DIRECTIONAL SIGN .
28. Page 28
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.4 LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN GENERAL
2. SERVICE SIGN
NOTE : Also shown in Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A/84
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
White
Height Intensity
retro- reflective
sheeting
Series 1
and Lower Case.
Capital letter
Height : 100mm.
To be located where
ever
necessary.
BACKGROUND Blue
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No. 631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS-30wp)
POST Black and
WhiteStripes
(B.S.873)
Steel
(B.S.1387).
29. Page 29
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.5 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS
3. RECREATIONAL OR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL INTEREST AREA SIGN
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER / SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
Sign A : Green.
Signs 1, 2,3 & 4 :
Green, (recreational
signs). Signs 5,6,7 &
8 : White.
( service signs)
Height Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting but
Engineering
Grade retro-
reflective sheet-
ing for back-
ground
Sign A : Series 1
and Lower Case.
Capital letter
height : refer to
Table 2.2.
To be located
where ever neces-
sary, as shown in
Fig. D.10 in
Appendix D and
Fig. 3.2A
BACKGROUND Sign A : White. Signs
1, 2,3 & 4 : White,
(recreational signs).
Signs 5,6,7 & 8 :
Blue.
( service signs)
BACKING FRAME Light grey
(No. 631B.S.381C)
Aluminium (HS
30-wp)
POST Black and
WhiteStripes
(B.S.873)
Steel
(B.S.1387) or
equivalent
30. Page 30
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.6 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
White High Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting.
To be located with
recreational or his-
torical and cultural
interest area signs
only (see Fig.3.4)
BACKGROUND Blue
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No.631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS 30-wp)
POST Black and white
stripes (B.S.873)
Steel (B.S.1387)
or equivalent
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
Green High Intensity retro-
reflective sheeting but
Engineering Grade
retro-reflective sheet-
ing for the back-
ground.
To located with
recreational or
historical and
cultural interest
area signs only
(see Fig.3.4)
BACKGROUND White
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No.631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS 30-wp)
POST Black and white
stripes (B.S.873)
Steel (B.S.1387)
or equivalent
31. Page 31
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.7 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
White High Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting.
Series 1 and
Lower Case
Capital Letter
Height : 100mm
To be located with
recreational or his-
torical and cultural
interest area signs
only (see Fig.3.4)
BACKGROUND Green
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No.631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS 30-wp)
POST Black and white
stripes (B.S.873)
Steel (B.S.1387)
or equivalent
32. Page 32
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.8: LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
Black High Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting.
Series 1 and
Lower Case
Capital Letter
Height : 300mm
To be located where
ever
necessary
BACKGROUND White
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No.631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS 30-wp)
POST Black and white
stripes (B.S.873)
Steel (B.S.1387)
or equivalent
33. Page 33
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
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FIG.3-9 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
Yellow High Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting.
Series 1 and
Lower Case
Capital Letter
Height : refer to
Table 2.2
To be located where
ever
necessary
BACKGROUND Green
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No.631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS 30-wp)
POST Black and white
stripes (B.S.873)
Steel (B.S.1387)
or equivalent
34. Page 34
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.10 . LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGN
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
White High Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting.
Series 2 Capital
Letter Height :
refer to Table 2.2
To be located where
ever
necessary
BACKGROUND Blue
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No.631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS 30-wp)
POST Black and white
stripes (B.S.873)
Steel (B.S.1387)
or equivalent
35. Page 35
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Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
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FIG. 3.11 LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS
(EXAMPLES OF MESSAGE SIGNS )
36. Page 36
Guide Signs Design And Application
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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.12 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
White High Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting.
Series 2 Capital
Letter Height :
refer to Table 2.2
To be located at
hazardous locations
only.
BACKGROUND Red
BACKING FRAME Light Grey
(No.631 B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(HS 30-wp)
POST Black and white
stripes (B.S.873)
Steel (B.S.1387)
or equivalent
37. Page 37
Guide Signs Design And Application
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FIG-3.13 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS
(EXAMPLES OF WARNING MESSAGE SIGNS)
38. Page 38
Guide Signs Design And Application
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FIG. 3.14: LAYOUT DESIGN OF INFORMATION SIGNS
( EXAMPLES OF WARNING MESSAGE SIGNS )
39. Page 39
Guide Signs Design And Application
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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
SIZE OF
ROUTE
MARKERS
(mm)
APPLICATION
OF ROUTE
NUMBER
MARKERS
TYPE OF
ROADS
NO. OF
NUMERALS &
ALPHABETS
LETTER
HEIGHT
(mm)
LETTER
SPACING
WIDTH
(m)
1 or 2
Numerals
300 Medium
FEDERAL
3 Numerals 180 Narrow
1 Numeral
&
1 Alphabet
300 Medium
STATE
2 Numerals
&
1 Alphabet
180 Narrow
1. Type A
600mm x 450mm
To be attached
to the top of
distance signs -
3 Numerals
&
1 Alphabet
140 Narrow
7.5mm
(7.5mm
set in)
1 or 2
Numerals
100 Medium
FEDERAL
3 Numerals 110 Narrow
1 Numerals
&
1 Alphabet
100 Medium
2 Numerals
&
1 Alphabet
120 Narrow
2. Type B
400mm x 300mm
To be placed /
pasted on
destination,
directional,
distance and
gantry sign
faces
STATE
3 Numerals
&
1 Alphabet
100 Narrow
5.0mm
(5.0mm
set in)
1 or 2
Numerals
1 Numeral
1 Alphabet
150 Medium
3. Type C
300mm x 215mm
To be mounted
on Type A and
Type C Kilometer
posts.
FEDERAL
MAJOR
STATE 2 Numerals
&
1 Alphabet
3 Numerals
90 Medium
3.75mm
(3.75mm
set in )
TABLE 3.2 DETAILS OF ROUTE NUMBER MARKERS
40. Page 40
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FIG. 3.15 LAYOUT DESIGN OF ROUTE NUMBER MARKERS
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTER/SYMBOL
AND BORDER.
White High Intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting.
Series 2 Capital
Letter Height :
refer to Table 3.2
Refer to table 3.2
BACKGROUND Red
41. Page 41
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
FIG. 3.16 : LAYOUT DESIGN OF ROUTE NUMBER MARKERS
42. Page 42
Guide Signs Design And Application
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APPENDIX A
Standard letterings and Symbol
43. Page 43
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44. Page 44
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45. Page 45
Guide Signs Design And Application
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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TABLE A-1
UNIT LETTER WIDTH, SPACING, CONSTANTS, MOSAIC WIDTH
LOWER
SERIES 1 CASE
Alphabet K1 K W1 W Alphabet K1 K W1 W
A 0.
04 0,
04 1.00 1.09 a 0.15 0.25 0.63 1.03
B 0.13 0.11 0.
80 1.04 b 0.
25 0.15 0.
63 1.03
C 0.11 0.
08 0.80 0.
99 c 0.
15 0.
16 0.63 0.
94
0 0.13 0.11 0.80 1.
04 d 0.
15 0.25 0.63 1.03
E 0.13 0.08 0.
74 0.95 e 0.15 0.16 0.63 0.94
F 0.13 0.08 0.
74 0.95 f 0.
11 0.15 0.41 0.67
G 0.11 0.11 0.
80 1.03 g 0.15 0.15 0.
63 1.03
H 0.13 0.13 0.80 1.06 h 0.25 0.
25 0.63 1.13
I 0.13 0.
13 0.17 0.44 i 0.25 0.25 0.19 0.
67
J 0.04 0.13 0.
75 0.93 j 0.
05 0.25 0.38 0.68
K 0.
13 0.08 0.
81 1.02 k 0.25 0.10 0.63 0.98
L 0.13 0.
04 0.74 0.
91 l 0.25 0.25 0.19 0.69
M 0.13 0.13 0.92 1.
19 m 0.25 0.25 1.05 1.56
N 0.13 0.13 0.
80 1.07 n 0.25 0.25 0.63 1.13
0 0.11 0.11 0.80 1.
03 o 0.15 0.15 0.63 0.93
P 0.13 0.
11 0.
80 1.
04 p 0.25 0.
15 0.63 1.
03
Q 0.11 0.11 0.83 1.
06 q 0.15 0.25 0.63 1.03
R 0.13 0.
11 0.80 1.04 r 0.25 0.10 0.48 0.
83
S 0.11 0.11 0.80 1.03 s 0.13 0.13 0.63 0.88
T 0.04 0.04 0.74 0.82 t 0.13 0.15 0.49 0.76
U 0.13 0.
13 0.
80 1.06 u 0.25 0.25 0.63 1.13
V 0.
04 0.
04 0.
91 0.
99 v 0.11 0.11 0.
75 0.
98
W 0.04 0.04 1.05 1.
14 w 0.
11 0.13 0.
94 1.17
X 0.08 0.88 0.86 1.02 x 0.15 0.11 0.75 1.01
Y 0.
04 0.04 1.00 1.09 y 0.
15 0.11 0.
81 1.04
Z 0.13 0,
11 0.80 1.04 z 0.16 0.
16 0.63 0.95
47. Page 47
Guide Signs Design And Application
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H = height of
lettering Series 1
Hm = height of mosaic
HU and Hb = spacing constants defined as
in figure above.
W = k1 + k2 + W1
w1 = unit letter width
W = unit mosaic width
k1 and k2 = unit spacing constants.
To obtain the required size of letters and
mosaics, multiply the values from the tables by
the desired height
e.g H = 200mm for number ‘3' above
Width of the numeral :
w1 (200) = 0.80 x 200
= 160mm
Width of the mosaic:
W(200) = 1.01 x 200
= 202mm
Height of the mosaic :
Hm = ¼ (200) + 200 + ½ (200)
= 350mm
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
48. Page 48
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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
EXAMPLE 1 : Series 1 for non -- place names.
For letter 'U' ( Series 1 )
H - 250mm
',' Height of letter mosaic
Hm = Hu + H + Hb
= ¼ (250) + 250 + ½ (250)
= 437.5mm > 438mm
K1 from Table A1 = 0.13
',' K1(250) for 250mm letter height
of 'U'
= 0.13 x 250
= 32.5mm
K2 from Table A.1 = 0.13
',' K2(250) for 250mm letter height
of 'U'
= 0.13 x 250
= 32.5mm
w1 from Table A.1 = 0.80
',' w1(250) for 250mm letter height
of 'U'
= 0.80 x 250
= 200 mm
',' Width of letter mosaic W(250)
= K1 (250) + K2 (250) + W1 (250)
= 32.5 + 32.5 + 200
= 265mm
CHECK : Width of unit letter mosaic
W = K1 +K2+W1
= 0.13 + 0.13 + 0.80
= 1.06
For H = 250m, W(250)
= 1.06 x 250
= 265mm
Size of mosaic for letter 'U'
= 438 x 265mm
Repeat for letters 'S' and 'R'.
49. Page 49
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FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
EXAMPLE 2 : Series 1 & Lower Case for place names.
For letter 'K' ( Series 1 )
H - 250mm
',' Height of letter mosaic
Hm = Hu + H + Hb
= ¼ (250) + 250 + ½ (250)
= 437.5mm > 438mm
K1 from Table A1 = 0.13
',' K1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K'
= 0.13 x 250
= 32.5mm
K2 from Table A.1 = 0.08
',' K2 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K'
= 0.08 x 250
= 20mm
w1 from Table A.1 = 0.81
',' w1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K'
= 0.81 x 250
= 202.5 mm
',' Width of letter mosaic W(250)
= K1 (250) + K2 (250) + W1 (250)
= 32.5 + 20 + 202.5
= 255mm
CHECK : Width of unit letter mosaic
W = K1 +K2+W1
= 0.13 + 0.08 + 0.81
= 1.02
For H = 250m, W(250)
= 1.02 x 250
= 255mm
Size of mosaic for letter 'K'
= 438 x 265mm
For Letter 'a' ( Lower Case )
H = 250mm
Hm = 438mm (must be the same as for the let-
ter 'K')
K1 from Table A1 = 0.15
',' K1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K', 'a'
= 0.15 x 250
= 37.5mm
50. Page 50
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
K2 from Table A.1 = 0.25
',' K2 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K', 'a'
= 0.25 x 250
= 62.5mm
w1 from Table A.1 = 0.63
',' w1 (250) for 250mm letter height of 'K', 'a'
= 0.63 x 250
= 157.5 mm
',' Width of letter mosaic W(250)
= K1 (250) + K2 (250) + W1 (250)
= 37.5 + 62.5 + 157.5
= 257.5mm <258mm
CHECK : Width of unit letter mosaic
W = K1 +K2+W1
= 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.63
= 1.03
For H = 250m, W(250)
= 1.03 x 250
= 258mm
Size of mosaic for letter 'a'
= 438 x 258mm
Repeat for letters '1', 'n' and 'g'
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
EXAMPLE 3 : Series 1 & Lower Case for distances.
For Letter '1' ( Series 1 )
H = 250mm
',' Height of letter mosaic Hm
= Hu + H + Hb
= ¼(250) + 250 + ½(250)
= 437.5mm < 438mm
K1 from Table A.2 = 0.13
',' K1 (250) for 250mm letter height of '1'
= 0.13 x 250
= 32.5mm
K2 from Table A.1 = 0.13
',' K2 (250) for 250mm letter height of '1'
= 0.13 x 250
= 32.5mm
w1 from Table A.1 = 0.30
',' w1 (250) for 250mm letter height of '1'
= 0.30 x 250
= 75 mm
51. Page 51
Guide Signs Design And Application
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L
',' Width of letter mosaic W(250)
= K1 (250) + K2 (250) + W1 (250)
= 32.5 + 32.5 + 75
= 140mm
CHECK : Width of unit letter mosaic
W = K1 +K2+W1
= 0.13 + 0.13 + 0.30
= 0.56
For H = 250m, W(250)
= 0.56 x 250
= 140mm
Size of mosaic for letter '1'
= 438 x 140mm
Repeat for number '5', and '0'
For letters 'k' and 'm"
(Lower Case)
Repeat procedure shown in Example 2 for the
Lower Case letter 'a'
NOTE:
I) Lower Case letters do not use mosaic except
when used with Series 1
2) Mosaic size of ',' should be that of Lower
Case 'i' while ' / ' and '-' should be that of
Series 1 'Z'.
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
52. Page 52
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53. Page 53
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Letter Width
Alphabet Width
a 0.6250H
b 0.6250H
c 0.6250H
d 0.6250H
e 0.6250H
f 0.4125H
g 0.6250H
h 0.6250H
i 0.1875H
j 0.3750H
k 0.6250H
1 0.1850H
m 1.050H
n 0.6250H
0 0:6250H
p 0.6250H
q 0.6250H
r 0.4750H
s 0.6250H
t 0.4875H
u 0.6250H
v 0.7500H
w 0.9375H
x 0.7500H
y 0.81250H
z 0.6250H
H = height of capital letter used.
NOTE: This table is necessary in the calculation of spacing, between Lower
Case letter when letter mosaic is not used
55. Page 55
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TABLE A.4: LOWER CASE
Spacing between Letters (in millimeter)
Followed by
Initial or
preceding
letter
cde
goq
bhiki
mnpru
fw j st vy x z
a 19
5
245 185 140 180 180 190 200
b 14
0
195 130 85 125 125 135 145
c 15
0
200 140 95 135 135 145 155
d 19
5
245 185 140 180 180 190 200
e 15 200 140 95 135 135 145 155
f 14
0
195 130 85 125 125 135 145
g 19
5
245 185 140 180 180 190 200
h 19 245 185 140 180 180 190 200
i 19
5
245 185 140 180 180 190 200
j 19
5
245 185 140 180 180 190 200
k 14 195 130 85 125 125 135 145
l 19 245 185 140 180 180 190 200
m 19
5
245 185 140 180 180 190 200
n 19
5
245 185 140 180 180 190 200
o 14
0
195 130 85 125 125 135 145
p 14
0
195 130 85 125 125 135 145
q 19 245 185 140 180 180 190 200
r 95 150 90 40 80 80 90 100
s 14
0
195 130 85 125 125 135 145
t 14
5
200 135 90 130 130 140 150
u 19
5
1145 185 140 180 180 190 200
v 12
5
180 115 70 110 110 120 130
w 13
0
180 120 75 115 115 125 135
x 13
5
185 12.5 80 120 120 130 140
y 12
5
180 115 70 110 110 120 120
z 14
5
200 135 90 130 130 140 150
NOTE : This table shows the spacings between Lower Case letters before they
are factored.
56. Page 56
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Spacing Factor
Example:
To determine spacing between 120mm ‘e’ followed by ‘r’ in Lower Case:
From Table A.4 , spacing for ‘e’ followed by ‘r’ = 200mm
From Table A.5, factor for 120mm
Lower Case = 0.250
Required spacing = 200 x 0.250
= 50 mm
NOTE : This calculation of spacing between Lower Case letters is not
required when letter mosaic is used. Hence, this calculation is
only necessary when Lower Case letters are not used with
those of Series 1
Letter height, mm
Lower Case Capitals/Numerals
Factor
90 120 0.188
105 140 0.219
120 160 0.250
135 180 0.281
150 200 0.313
180 240 0.375
210 280 0.438
240 320 0.500
255 340 0.531
300 400 0.625
360 480 0.750
420 560 0.875
480 640 1.000
57. Page 57
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59. Page 59
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61. Page 61
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62. Page 62
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Spacing between letters ( in millimeter)
Followed by
Initial or
preceding
letter AVWX
5
BDEFHIK
LMNPRU
CGOQS
24890
J T 7 Y Z 1 3, 6
A 165 245 175 145 150 160 230
H 185 165 185 165 175 180 250
C 180 260 185 160 165 175 145
D 175 150 180 150 160 165 240
E 180 260 185 160 165 175 245
F 150 230 160 130 135 145 215
G 130 260 185 160 165 175 245
H 245 325 250 225 230 240 310
1 245 325 250 225 230 240 240
1 245 325 250 225 230 240 240
K 145 225 150 120 130 135 240
L 145 225 150 120 130 135 240
M 245 325 250 225 230 240 225
N 245 325 250 225 230 240 215
0 175 250 180 150 160 165 310
P 175 250 180 150 160 165 230
Q 175 250 180 150 160 165 230
R 175 250 180 150 160 165 230
S 160 240 165 135 145 150 225
T 150 230 160 130 135 145 215
U 245 325 250 225 230 240 310
V 165 245 175 145 150 160 230
W 165 245 175 145 150 160 230
X 165 245 175 145 150 160 230
Y 160 240 165 135 145 150 25
Z 230 310 240 210 215 225 295
1 245 250 230 310 260
2 160 165 145 225 175
3 185 195 175 250 200
4 225 230 210 290 240
5 165 175 150 230 180
6 165 175 150 230 180
7 150 160 135 215 165
8 175 180 160 240 185
9 175 180 160 240 185
0 175 180 160 140 185
63. Page 63
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SERIES 2 SPACING
Capital letter
and number
height (MM) Wide Medium Narrow
40 0.051 0.038 0.026
60 0.077 0.058 0.038
80 0.102 0.077 0.051
100 0.128 0.096 0.064
120 0.153 0.115 0.077
140 0.179 0.134 0.089
160 0.2.05 0.153 0.102
180 0.230 0.173 0.115
200 0.256 0.192 0.128
240 0.307 0.230 0.153
280 0.358 0.269 0.179
320 0.409 0.307 0.205
340 0.435 0.326 0.217
400 0.511 0.384 0.256
480 0.614 0.461 0.307
560 0.716 0.537 0.358
640 0.818 0.614 0.409
TABLE A.8 : SERIES 2 LETTER AND NUMERAL SPACINGS
Spacing Factors
Example: To determine spacing between 120mm E followed by R in Series 2 with
medium spacing:
From Table A.7, spacing for E
followed by R = 260
Series 2 medium spacing
factor (Table A.8) = 0.115
Required spacing = 260 X 0.115
= 30mm approx.
64. Page 64
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NOTE : a = 15/32 HEIGHT OF CAPITAL LETTER USED
FIG: A.1: DIRECTIONAL ARROW
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER
65. Page 65
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NOTE :
a - 4 times stroke width
b - 20 times stroke width
c - 18 times stroke width
d - 24 times stroke width
e - 4 times stroke width
f - 2 times stroke width
Stroke width = 1/5 HEIGHT Of CAPITAL LETTER USED
66. Page 66
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NOTE : a = 4/5 HEIGHT OF CAPITAL LETTER USED
FIG. A-3: GANTRY ARROW
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER
67. Page 67
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NOTE : H = Height of Capital letter Used
All Dimensions in Millimeter
FIG. A.4 : EXPRESSWAY LOGO
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92. Page 92
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APPENDIX B
Placenames For Use On Guide Signs
On Federal And Major State Roads
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NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Kangar -
2 Padang Besar Pdg. Besar
3 Kuala Perlis K. Perlis
4 Arau -
PERLIS
KEDAH
NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Bukit Kayu Hitam Bkt. Kayu Hitam
2 Jitra -
3 Alor Setar -
4 Gurun -
5 Sungai Petani Sg. Petani
6 Baling -
7 Kulim -
8 Yan -
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PULAU PINANG
NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Telok Bahang Tlk. Bahang
2 George Town -
3 Bayan Lepas -
4 Balik Pulau -
5 Nibong Tebal -
6 Simpang Ampat Spg. Ampat
7 Bukit Mertajam Bkt. Mertajam
8 Butterworth -
9 Kepala Batas -
MELAKA
NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Melaka -
2 Alor Gajah -
3 Jasin -
4 Masjid Tanah -
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NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Parit Buntar Parit Buntar
2 Bagan Serai -
3 Kuala Kangsar K. Kangsar
4 Sungai Siput Sg. Siput
5 Ipoh -
6 Kampar -
7 Tapah -
8 Bidor -
9 Slim River -
10 Tanjong Malim Tg. Malim
11 Sitiawan -
12 Ayer Tawar A. Tawar
13 Teluk Intan Tlk. Intan
14 Lumut -
15 Bagan Datoh -
16 Bruas -
17 Parit -
18 Kuala Sepetang K. Sepetang
19 Taiping -
20 Kroh -
21 Grik -
22 Batu Gajah Bt. Gajah
23 Selama -
PERAK
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NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Kuala Kubu Bharu K. Kubu Bharu
2 Rawang -
3 Petaling Jaya -
4 Shah Alam -
5 Klang -
6 Sepang -
7 Banting -
8 Kuala Selangor K. Selangor
9 Tanjung Karang Tg. Karang
10 Sungai Besar Sg. Besar
11 Sabak Bernam -
12 Subang Jaya -
13 Cheras -
14 Kajang -
15 Sungai Buloh Sg. Buloh
16 Kepong -
17 Gombak -
SELANGOR
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NEGERI SEMBILAN
NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Seremban -
2 Rembau -
3 Tampin -
4 Gemas -
5 Kuala Pilah K. Pilah
6 Bahau -
7 Port Dickson Pt. Dickson
8 Kuala Kelawang (Jelebu) K. Kelawang
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NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Segamat -
2 Labis -
3 Yong Peng -
4 Ayer Hitam A. Hitam
5 Kulai -
6 Senai -
7 Johor Bahru -
8 Kota Tinggi -
9 Mersing -
10 Pontian Kechil -
11 Batu Pahat Bt. Pahat
12 Muar -
13 Kluang -
14 Pasir Gudang Psr. Gudang
15 Tangkak -
16 Kukup -
17 Sungai Rengit Sg. Rengit
18 Simpang Renggam Spg. Renggam
JOHOR
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PAHANG
NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Karak -
2 Temerloh -
3 Maran -
4 Kuantan -
5 Pekan -
6 Kuala Rompin K. Rompin
7 Bentong -
8 Raub -
9 Benta -
10 Kuala Lipis K. Lipis
11 Triang -
12 Muadzam Shah -
13 Bukit Fraser Bkt. Fraser
14 Tanah Rata -
15 Brincang -
16 Jerantut -
17 Mentakab -
18 Cameron Highland -
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NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Jerteh -
2 Kampung Raja Kg. Raja
3 Permaisuri -
4 Kuala Terengganu K. Terengganu
5 Dunggun -
6 Maran -
7 Chukai -
8 Kuala Brang K. Brang
9 Paka -
10 Kerteh -
11 Kemasik -
12 Ajil -
TERENGGANU
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KELANTAN
NAME OF TOWN ABBREVIATED NAME
1 Rantau Panjang -
2 Pasir Mas Psr. Mas
3 Kota Bharu -
4 Kubang Krian -
5 Pasir Puteh Psr. Puteh
6 Tanah Merah -
7 Machang -
8 Gua Musang -
9 Kuala Krai K. Krai
10 Pengkalan Chepa Pgkl. Chepa
11 Tumpat -
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APPENDIX C
Standard Abbreviations For Place Names
112. Page 112
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COMMON INITIAL NAME ABBREVIATED NAME ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Ayer A. Water (old spelling)
Batu Bt. stone, rock
Bukit Bkt. Hill
Changkat Cgkt. -
Gunung G. Mountain
Hilir Hr. Downstream
Hulu H. Upstream
Jalan Jln. Road
Kampong Kg. Village
Kuala K. Estuary
Lapangan Lpg. Airport
Lembah Lbh. Valley
Padang Pdg. Plain
Parit Prt. Canal
Pasir Psr. Sand
Pelabuhan Plbh. Port
Pengkalan Pgkl. Base
Permatang Pmtg. Earth Bund
Pulau P. Island
Simpang Spg. Junction
Sungai Sg. River
Tanah Tnh. Land
Tanjung Tg. Cape
Telok Tlk. Bay
Universiti Univ. University
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APPENDIX D
Application of Guide Signs
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FIG. D.7 ACTUAL EXAMPLE OF GUIDE SIGNS APPLICATION
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APPENDIX E
Color Codes And Chromaticity Coordinates
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TABLE E1 : CHROMATICITY COORDINATES
1 2 3 4
COLOUR
X Y X Y X Y X Y
RED 0.600 0.280 0.700 0.300 0.640 0.360 0.580 0.320
ORANGE 0.520 0.360 0.600 0.380 0.600 0.400 0.520 0.400
YELLOW 0.460 0.440 0.540 0.440 0.540 0.460 0.460 0. 540
GREEN 0.080 0.400 0.200 0.400 0.200 0.520 0.080 0.600
BLUE 0.120 0.080 0.180 0.140 0.180 0.200 0.080 0.160
WHITE 0.030 0.280 0.360 0.340 0.320 0.360 0.280 0.320
NOTE:
The colours coded below are to be used on road furnitures OTHER THAN TRAFFIC SIGN
FACES, such as road markings, traffic signal and traffic sign posts, delineators, etc, and should be
of gloss finish paint or higher quality material :
YELLOW - No.356 British Standard 381C (Golden Yellow)
ORANGE - No.557 British Standard 381C (Light Orange)
GREY - No.631 British Standard 381C (Light Grey)
WHITE - Part 1 Clause 1.:3.2 and 1.3.3 British Standard 873
BLACK - Part 1 Clause 1.:3.2. and 1.3.3 British Standard 873
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APPENDIX F
(Addendums, Supplementary And Sizes)
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ROAD DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF STANDARD TRAFFIC
SIGNS (mm)
URBAN RURAL
ROAD
DESIGN
STANDARD
ROAD
CATEGORIES
REGULARTORY WARNING REGULARTORY WARNING
U6
R6
EXPRESSWAY 750 900 750 900
U5
R5
ARTERIAL.
HIGHWAY
PRIMARY
ROAD
750 750 750 750
U4
R4
ARTERIAL
COLLECTOR
PRIMARY ROAD
SECONDARY
ROAD
750 750 750 750
U3
R3
COLLECTOR
LOCAL STREET
SECONDARY
ROAD
600 600 750 750
U2
R2
LOCAL STREET
MINOR ROAD
600 600 600 600
U1
U1a
R1
R1a
LOCAL STREET
MINOR ROAD
600 600 600 600
TABLE : F.1 : SIZES OF STANDARD TRAFFIC SIGNS
NOTE :
1. Except for BERHENTI sign ( RP 1) and those signs used with traffic signals (e.g. RP 2,
standard traffic signs with varying sizes should be made to size as tabulated above.
2. BERHENTI sign should always be of the 900 mm width except in areas where the offset from
the edge of the Curb is less than 0.3mm or less than 3.6mm from edge of pavement .
3. Regulatory signs of 300mm diameter may only be used with traffic signals while Warning
signs of 600mm width may be located in urban areas where space is very limited.
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FIG. F-2: ADDENDUMS TO STANDARD WARNING SIGNS
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FIG .F-3 : ADDENDUMS TO STANDARD WARNING SIGNS
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FIG. F-4: ADDENDUMS TO STANDARD WARNING SIGNS
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This sign is to be used with sign RM.1.
DIMENSION : As shown
COLOUR : Background - blue
Border - white
Lettering - white
LETTERING : Series 2 , medium spacing with lettering height of 100mm.
FIG. F.7 : SUPPLEMENTARY SIGN FOR RM. 1
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LEGEND : a, b, c = symbol and words should be centralized
NOTE : Details of speed limit symbol refer to sign RP. 7 in
Arahan Teknik (jalan) 2A/85.
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTERING/
SYMBOL
AND BORDER
Black
BACKGROUND Yellow
High intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting
BACKING
FRAME
light grey
(No.631
B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(NS 30-wp )
POST
Black and
white
Steel
(B.S. 1387)
Series 1
medium
spacing
To be located
within speed
zone
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WD. 52 : WARNING SIGNS APPROACHING TO SPEED ZONE
SPECIFICATION
COLOUR MATERIAL LETTERING PLACEMENT
LETTERING/
SYMBOL
AND BORDER
Black
BACKGROUND Yellow
High intensity
retro-reflective
sheeting
BACKING FRAME
light grey
(No.631
B.S.381C)
Aluminium
(NS 30-wp )
POST
Black and white
Stripes
( B.S.873)
Steel
(B.S. 1387)
or equivalent
Series 2
medium spacing
To be located
before speed
zone