This presentation provides an overview of different types of biofuels. First generation biofuels are made from sugars and vegetable oils, while second generation biofuels can be made from various biomass sources like cellulosic ethanol from algae or wood. Specific biofuels discussed include bioethanol, biomethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, green diesel, biofuel gasoline, vegetable oils, bioethers, biogas, and solid biofuels. Advantages are reduced reliance on foreign oil and reduced pollution, while disadvantages include potential rises in food prices, vehicle safety concerns, and issues with energy balance. Biofuels can be used as alternatives to fossil fuels for transportation, heating homes, and

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2. First Generation Biofuels
• Called as conventional biofuels.
• Manufactured from the sugars and vegetable oils.
Second Generation Biofuels
• Called as advanced biofuels.
• Manufactured from various types of biomass.
• Many second generation biofuels are cellulosic ethanol, algae fuel, biohydrogen,
biomethanol, biohydrogen , DMF, wood diesel.

3. Bioalcoholes
A. Bioethanol
• Most common biofuel worldwide.
• Made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates.
• Used as a fuel for vehicles, a gasoline additive, a winter oxidizer.
B. Biomethanol
• Produced from natural gas, biomass.
• The methanol economy is an alternative to the hydrogen economy, compared
to today’s hydrogen production from natural gas.
C. Biobutanol
• A direct replacement for gasoline.
• Formed by ABE fermentation.
• Used in a gasoline engine.

4. Biodiesel
• Made from vegetable oils and animal fats using
transesterification.
• Used as a fuel for vehicles.
• Usually used as a diesel addictive to reduce levels
of carbon monoxide hydrocarbons from diesel
vehicles.
Green Diesel
• Produced through hydrocracking biological oil feedstocks.
• Called renewable diesel.

5. Biofuel Gasoline
• Manufactured from glucose.
• In future, gasoline can be made from straw and animal manure.
Vegetable oil
• Used as fuel.
• Can be hydrogenated to give a diesel substitute.
Bioethers
• Fuel ethers or oxygenated ethers.
• Enhance engine performance, reduce engine wear and toxic exhaust
emissions.

6. Biogas
• Biogas is a methane produced by the process of anaerobic digestion.
• Recovered from mechanical biological treatment.
• Farmers can produce biogas from manure by using anaerobic digesters.
Solid Biofuels
• Examples include wood, sawdust, grass, domestic refuse, charcoal, agiculchural
waste, nonfood energy crops and dried manure.
• Includes grinding the raw biomass to an appropriate particulate size .
• Advantages is that it is often a byproduct, residue or waste product.

7. Advantages of Biofuels
• Reduced reliance on foreign oil.
• Reduced pollution.
• Availability of biofuel byproducts for animal feedstock.
Disadvantages of Biofuels
• Rise in food prices.
• Vehicle safety concerns.
• Pollution.
• Energy balance.

8. Uses of Biofuels
• As an alternative, cleaner fuel source.
• As power vehicles, heat homes, cooking
and for power production.
• As replacement for fossil fuels for home
and transportation purposes.
• As substitute for toxic products used for
paint removal.
• As home heating oil in domestic boilers.

9. Conclusion
• Biofuels are not an absolute substitute to fossil fuels but if produced under
adequate policy regimes they offer one of the stepping stones towards a development
among poor countries.
• Since the collapse of the commodity markets in the 70s, biofuels offer the first
expanded market opportunity and rise in commodity prices for poor producer countries.
• Least developed countries should take advantage of this window of opportunity to
develop their agriculture and industry.
• There is need to support the biofuels initiatives in the developing countries in
order to realize economic gains.

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