The document discusses an aqua silencer, which is a device that fits on an engine's exhaust pipe to reduce emissions and noise. It consists of a perforated tube inside a water container, with activated charcoal and wire mesh surrounding the tube. Exhaust gases pass through the tube and bubbles form, which then pass through the charcoal and dissolve in the water, converting pollutants into heavy salts. The aqua silencer lowers both noise and air pollution in a cheap and effective manner.

1. SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL
GROUP OF PROFESSIONAL COLLEGE
TEAWRIGANJ 227-105
SEMINAR ON AQUA SILENCER
PRESENTED BY:
CHANDAN ABHISHEK DWIVEDI
1612240064

2. INTRODUCTION
 Air pollution is major problem.
 The main pollutants contribute by automobiles are (CO), UBHC,
(NOx) and Lead etc.,
 Other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial
and domestic fuel consumption , refuse burning, industrial
processing.
 An Aqua Silencer is an attempt in reducing and controlling of
emission and noise.
 An aqua silencer is fitted to the exhaust pipe of an engine.

3. AQUA SILENCER
 Basically an aqua silencer consists of a perforated tube which is
installed at the end of the exhaust pipe.
 The perforated tube -different diameters. purpose of providing
different diameter hole is to break up gas mass to form smaller gas
bubbles.
 Generally 4 sets of holes are drilled on the perforated tube. The other
end of the perforated tube is closed by plug.
 Around the circumference of the perforated tube a layer of activated
charcoal is provided and further a metallic mesh covers it.

4.  The whole unit is then placed in a water container.
 A small opening is at the top of the container to remove the
exhaust gases & a drain plug is provided at the bottom of the
container for periodically cleaning of container.
 Also a filler plug is mounted at the top of the container. At the
inlet of the exhaust pipe a non-return valve is provided which
prevents the back flow of gases and water as well.

5. PARTS OF AQUA SILENCER
1. Mountings
2. Filler Plug
3. Perforated Tube
4. Charcoal Layer
5. Wire Mesh
6. Drain Plug

7. WORKING
 As the exhaust gases enter into the Aqua silencer, the perforated
tube converts high mass bubbles to low mass bubbles which then
passes through charcoal layer further purifying the gases.
 It is highly porous and posses extra free valences so it has high
absorption capacity.
 After passing over the charcoal layer some of the gases will dissolve in
the water and finally the exhaust gases escape through the opening in
to the atmosphere.
 Hence aqua silencer reduces noise and pollution.

8. Effects of Dissolved gases in Water
The water is a good absorbing medium. In the aqua silencer
when the gases get dissolved in water they are converted into acids,
carbonates, bicarbonates, etc. such that they become heavy salts and
gets deposited on the bed which is cleaned from time to time.
The main methods used to purify the water are:
1. Lime water wash method, and
2. Absorption process

9. Lime Water Wash Method
 The water is treated with the calculated quantities of slaked lime.
Lime can neutralize any acid present in the water. SO2 , gases are
removed from the flue gases forming calcium sulphate.
 The precipitates dissolve carbon dioxide as calcium carbonate and
converts bicarbonate ions into carbonates.
 The chemical reactions are as follows;
Ca(OH)2 + SO2→ CaSO3 + H2O
2HCl + Ca(OH)2 →CaCl2 + 2H2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + 2H2O
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 →2CaCO3 + 2H2O

10. ABSORPTION PROCESS
 Activated charcoal is available in granular or powdered form.
As it is highly porous and possess free valencies, it has high
absorption capacity.
 Activated carbon is more widely used for the removal of taste
and odors from the public water supplies.
 Because it has excellent properties of attracting gases, finely
divided solid particles and phenol type impurities, the activated
carbon, usually in the powdered form is added to the water
either before or after the coagulation with sedimentation.

11. CONCLUSION
 The aqua silencer is more effective in the reduction of emission gases
from the engine
 By using perforated tube the backpressure will remain constant and
the sound level is reduced. It also helps in keeping the fuel consumption
same as conventional system.
 By using water as a medium the sound can be lowered and also by using
activated charcoal in water we can control the exhaust emission to a
greater level.
 The water contamination is found to be negligible in aqua silencer.

12. It is smokeless and pollution free and also very cheap. Its
performance is almost equivalent to the conventional
silencer.
It can also be used for two wheelers and four wheelers and
in industries.

13. THANK YOU