The document discusses theories of second language acquisition including Krashen's theory which consists of 5 hypotheses: 1) the acquisition-learning hypothesis, 2) the monitor hypothesis, 3) the natural order hypothesis, 4) the input hypothesis, and 5) the affective filter hypothesis. It also briefly mentions Swain's output hypothesis which posits that output promotes language learning. Additionally, it covers Cummins' common underlying proficiency theory and the differences between context-embedded and context-reduced communication.