The document discusses user-centered design and the importance of prototyping in software development. It notes that user-centered design is a process that gives extensive attention to end users' needs, wants and limitations at each stage of the design process. Effective prototyping methods like creating clickable mockups and high-fidelity prototypes are recommended to validate functional requirements with users and gain approval for applications. Prototyping helps reduce costs, risks and time to market compared to relying only on requirements documents or wireframes.

1. User-Centred Design
An Overview

2. Challenges and advancements
… of software development
Advancements
 New Project Management methodologies
 New Software Development tools
 New Testing tools
 Other tools (Bug tracking, Code review, Project Management)
Challenges
 Outsourcing y Offshoring
 More sofisticated and changing needs
 Cost reduction
 Time-to-market reduction

3. Methodologies and Tools
Management
 Metodologías: Agile (XP, Scrum …), RUP, others…
 Quality Assurance: CMMI, ISO.
Tools for Application Lifecycle Management
Planning  Demand & Portfolio Management
Definition  Requirements management
 UML design tools
Technical Design
 Database design tools
 Development tools
Development
 Bug tracking, Code review …
 Functional testing
Test
 Performance Testing

4. Requirements
 Functional
User involvement is
 Usability critical
 Platform
 Technical
 Costs
 Documentation
 Others…

5. Application definition: User-centred Design
“ User-centred design is a process in
which the needs, wants, and limitations
of end users of a product are given
extensive attention at each stage of the
design process ”
Wikipedia

6. User-centred Design: the Goal
The user is the king
The functional and user-experience requirements
are validated and tested with the users

7. User-centred Design: in Terms of Requirements
STANDARDS & NORMS BUSINESS
REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS
OTHER USER USER EXPERIENCE
REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS

8. User-centred Design: in Terms of Profiles
Project Managers
Business Analysts User Experience
Analysts
Technical Architects Web/mobile gui
Designers

9. User-centred Design Profiles: US Market trends
 UX Designers
User Experience  Web/Mobile Gui Designers
 User Testing Analysts
 Business/Functional Analysts
Business Analysis
 Project Managers

10. User-centred Design: the Lifecycle
CAPTURE
MANAGE
EXPECTATIONS COMMUNICATE
VALIDATE

11. User-centred Design: the Process
CONCEPTION
Abstract ANALYSIS & Planning out the objectives Project space, Project
PLANNING and goals, specifying schedule, Briefing
organisational requirements
CONCEPT & Definition of scope, user Personas & Scenarios,
REQUIREMENTS needs, content and Feature set
information requirements,
functional specifications
INFORMATION & Structural design of the Information
STRUCTURE information space to architecture, Interaction
DESIGN facilitate intuitive access to design, Prototypes,
content and features Progressive disclosure,
User paths, Navigation,
Visual hierarchy
VISUAL DESIGN Designing the presentation Typography, Colour
of information to facilitate Palette, Alignment …
COMPLETION understanding
Concrete

12. User-centred Design: Methods and Techniques
ANALYSIS & REQUIREMENTS
STICKY NOTES
Comparing notes is a useful tool to aid decision making. Ideas are written down on
individual sticky notes, weighed against one another and organised according to
priority or other criteria. This technique can also be used with users to get them to
put their considerations in order of importance.
USER REQUIREMENTS
It is vital to use all available resources to gather information about the users’
requirements. Successful projects use different sources of information: focus groups,
contextual or individual interviews, observation, surveys …
PERSONAS & SCENARIOS
A persona is an archetype comprised of habits and characteristics of the target
audience. Scenarios are little stories describing how typical user tasks are carried
out. They help to anticipate and identify the decisions a user will have to make at
each step in their experience and through each system state they will encounter.

13. User-centred Design: Methods and Techniques
INFORMATION, STRUCTURE & VISUAL DESIGN
RAPID VISUALISATION
Visualising ideas and concepts rapidly using pen and paper is helpful to
communicate them to the team and to test ideas quickly without investing time and
resources into polished design. Rough and unpolished looking sketches, wireframes
and storyboards encourage constructive feedback and stimulate discussion.
PROTOTYPING
Prototypes are models that can be used to evaluate responses to form (looks-like
prototype) or aspects of build and functionality (works-like prototype) of a product.
They typically evolve from concept sketches or wireframes to low and high-fidelity
models as they progress through the definition cycle.
USER TESTING
Evaluating a product by testing it with representative users helps to identify usability
problems by collecting quantitative data on the users’ performance (e.g. error rate)
and establishing their satisfaction with the product.

14. User-centred Design: the Benefits
 Increase User Adoption
 Reduce Rework / Costs
 Reduce Risks
 Reduce Time-to-market
 Increase Sales

15. APPLICATION PROTOTYPING
Gathering and Validating functional requirements
through prototypes and simulations

16. User Centred Design: Prototyping
USER
SCOPE & PLAN
REQUIREMENTS
PERSONAS &
USER TESTING
SCENARIOS
PROTOTYPING

17. Application Prototyping: Questions
 Could you imagine VOLKSWAGEN
producing cars without designing
prototypes and testing these
prototypes?
 Could you imagine IKEA producing
furnitures without designing prototypes
or proof of concepts?

18. The Value of Prototyping
1. It’s Generative
2. Show and Experience
3. Reduces Misinterpretations
4. Saves Time and Money
5. Reduces Waste

19. Common Application Definition Models
Requirements
documents
Wireframes Prototyping
 All requirements  Functional requirements  Functional requirements
 Difficult to communicate  Easy to communicate  Easy to communicate
 Difficult to validate  Difficult to validate  Easy to validate
 Difficult to get approval  Difficult to get approval  Easy to get approval

20. Wireframing to Prototyping
 Wireframes
 Documents
Small websites
 Mockups
 Documents
Intranets, Large websites
 Prototypes
 Documents
RIA, Mobile apps

21. Wireframe – Mockup – Prototype
LOW FIDELITY HIGH FIDELITY
Wireframe Mockups Prototypes/Simulations
High Interaction
Information architecture Desing & Clicks
Data Behaviour
Validation & Rules
Why to create Mockups & Prototypes?
To validated the king requirements
and get his engagement:

22. Tools for wireframes, mockups and prototypes
HIGH FIDELITY
LOW FIDELITY Design (Mockups) High Interaction
Data and validation
Powerpoint Photoshop HTML Justinmind
Visio Fireworks JavaScript
Omnigraffle
Web Tools

23. Prototypes and Applications
My recommendations:
Applications Prototypes
Small & Static websites From Sketchs to Clickable Mockup
Large Websites & Intranets Clickable Mockup
Rich Interactive Applications
High-Fidelity Prototype
Mobile Applications
ERPs
High-Fidelity Prototype
Business Applications

24. Barriers for Prototyping
 We don’t have time for prototypes
 We don’t have budget for prototypes
 We need to change our design process

25. The Biggest Mistake
I want to reuse the code of my prototype
Why not?
 It’s time to define the right solution !!!
 It’s time to fast iterations and changes !!!
 Are you sure you want the code before a
technical design (UML, Database design,…)?

26. Benefits of a Prototyping-oriented process
Prototype does have a cost. It’s not free
but …
 Proposal are: 50 % accurate
 Request for clarification from developers: 80 %
 Amount of rework and bug fixes: 25 %

27. JUSTINMIND SOLUTIONS
If I can’t draw it…
I can’t understand it
Albert Einstein
If It can’t be experienced …
it can’t be validated

28. Justinmind Products
Products
 Justinmind Prototyper: Prototyping and simulation tool
 Justinmind Usernote: Allows to Publish prototypes, Get
Feedback from users and run User Tests
What kind of software can be prototyped?
 Web Apps
 Websites, Portals, Intranets
 Smartphones (Iphone, Android, Ipad, Blackberry …)
 SAP

29. Justinmind Prototyper
Professional Enterprise
Rich interactions  
Custom widgets  
Templates  
Masters  
Forms and datagrids simulation  
Export HTML/Javascript  
Generate specification documents  
Customization of document generation 
Requirements management 
Import real data from csv files 

30. Justinmind Usernote
Allows to capture and manage feedback from
users and customers and perform user tests
 Publish prototypes
 Review and validate prototypes
with the user’s web browsers
 Conversational annotations over
the elements of a prototype
 User testing tools integration

31. Prototyping process with Justinmind
PROTOTYPE
CHANGES COMMUNICATE
VALIDATE & TEST

32. Usage scenarios
 Functional Team  Users
Team leaders, Key users
Business Analysts, UX Designers …
• Visual communication
• Business – IT alignment
• Avoid misunderstandings
 Functional Team  Development Team
Team leaders, Internal or external
Business Analysts, UX Designers … development team
• Prevent changes in critical stages
• Speed up time-to-market
• Avoid risks

33. Some customers

34. Thank you very much for your time
Questions and Answers