2. ANTICOAGULANT
Anticoagulants, commonly known as blood thinners,
are chemical substances that prevent or
reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting
time. Some of them occur naturally in blood-eating animals
such as leeches and mosquitoes, where they help keep the
bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain
some blood.As a class of medications, anticoagulants are
used in therapy for thrombotic disorders.Oral anticoagulants
(OACs) are taken by many people in pill or tablet form, and
various intravenous anticoagulant dosage forms are used in
hospitals. Some anticoagulants are used in medical
equipment, such as sample tubes, blood
transfusion bags, heart-lung machines,
and dialysis equipment. One of the first anticoagulants,
warfarin, was initially approved as a rodenticide.
1916- First Anticoagulant preservative- Rous and Turner.
4. BLOOD BANK ANTICOAGULANTS
In daily laboratory we use EDTA, TSC as anticoagulant & they provide 4 hours to 1
days preservation of blood component in normal state.
In blood bank we have to store blood for long time, so that we need some special
types of anticoagulants.
IMPORTANT TERMS FOR BLOOD BANK ANTICOAGULANTS
• Citrate- Chelate calcium thus prevent blood clotting
• Citric acid- Prevent caramelization of glucose during autoclave
• NaH2PO4- Act as buffer
• Saline- Isotonic solution for RBC
• Dextrose- Act as Nutrients (ATP production)
• Adenine- Substrate for ATP synthesis
• Mannitol- Sugar, reduce hemolysis & increase self life of blood
5. TYPES OF ANTICOAGULANT IN BLOOD BANK
ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose)
Tri-Sodium Citrate --- Chelating Agent
Citric Acid --- Prevent Oxidation of Glucose
Dextrose --- Sugar…act as nutrient
D/W --- Provide Liquidness
(49ml of ACD for 350 ml of blood)
Self life: 21 days at 4° C
6. CPD (Citrate Phosphate dextrose)
Tri-Sodium Citrate --- Chelating Agent
Citric Acid --- Prevent Oxidation of Glucose +
Dextrose --- Sugar…act as nutrient
D/W --- Provide Liquidness
(49 ml of CPD for 350 ml of blood)
Buffer
NaH2PO4
It maintain
2,3DPG level.
Self life: 21 days at 4 °C
7. CPDA-I (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine)
Tri-Sodium Citrate --- Chelating Agent
Citric Acid --- Prevent Oxidation of Glucose +
Dextrose --- Sugar…act as nutrient
Phosphate --- Act as buffer
D/W --- Provide Liquidness
(49 ml of CPDA-1 for 350 ml of blood)
Adenine
Act as
substrate and
increase
viability
Self life: 35 days at 4 °C
8. CPDA- II ( Citrate Phosphate dextrose adenine)
Tri-Sodium Citrate --- Chelating Agent
Citric Acid --- Prevent Oxidation of Glucose
Dextrose --- Sugar…act as nutrient +
Phosphate --- Act as buffer
Adenine --- Act as substrate for ATP synthesis
D/W --- Provide Liquidness
(49ml of CPDA-II for 350 ml of blood)
Addition of
more
amount of
Adenine
Self life: 42 days at 4°C
9. CPD-SAGM (Citrate Phosphate dextrose)
(Additive Solution) Saline Adenine Glucose Mannitol
Tri-Sodium Citrate --- Chelating Agent
Citric Acid --- Prevent Oxidation of Glucose
Dextrose --- Sugar…act as nutrient
Phosphate --- Act as buffer
Adenine --- Act as substrate
D/W --- Provide Liquidness
(49ml of CPD for 350ml of blood)
& 80ml of SAGM
Glucose
+
Mannitol
Adsol ,Optisol
Self life: 42 days at 4°C
10. CRYOPRESERVATION
Preserving internal structure & function of living cell during ultra
low temp. & freezing.
Glycerol
DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)
Before freezing we have to add these cryopreservative to avoid
damaging of cell structure.
Volume of Anticoagulant to Blood
14 ml of anticoagulant for 100 ml.
49 ml of anticoagulant for 350 ml.
63 ml of anticoagulant for 450 ml.
