This document provides an overview of nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and potassium channel openers used to treat angina. It describes their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, and uses. The drugs work to reduce cardiac workload and oxygen demand or increase myocardial blood flow. Their effects include vasodilation, reduced heart rate, contractility and blood pressure. Common side effects are headache, flushing, and hypotension due to vasodilation. Drug interactions and dependence are concerns, requiring gradual withdrawal from nitrates. The document references essential pharmacology textbooks for further information.
Hypolipidemic agents, also known as cholesterol-lowering drugs or antihyperlipidemic agents, are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of high levels of fats (lipids), such as cholesterol, in the blood (hyperlipidemia). They are also called lipid-lowering drugs.
This presentation deals with the use of various drugs in the treatment of heart failure such as Digoxin, ace inhibitors, beta bloockers, calcium channel blockers
Hypolipidemic agents, also known as cholesterol-lowering drugs or antihyperlipidemic agents, are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of high levels of fats (lipids), such as cholesterol, in the blood (hyperlipidemia). They are also called lipid-lowering drugs.
This presentation deals with the use of various drugs in the treatment of heart failure such as Digoxin, ace inhibitors, beta bloockers, calcium channel blockers
Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia.
Angina pectoris is a medical terms to referring to the chest pain or discomfort by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle .
it is usually a symptoms of coronary artery disease often triggered by physical or emotional stress.
the treatment of angina pectoris
by medication ,changes life style proper exercise.
PH1.28 Describe the mechanisms of action, types, doses, side effects, indicat...Dr Pankaj Kumar Gupta
PH1.28 Describe the mechanisms of action, types, doses, side effects, indications and contraindications of the drugs used in ischemic heart disease (stable, unstable angina and myocardial infarction), peripheral vascular disease
Define Angina pectoris, its type and causes
Explain mechanism of action of Nitrates, calcium channel blockers and
Beta Blockers?
3. Describe the clinical uses and adverse effects of anti Anginal drugs
4. Explain why the combination of a nitrate with a beta blocker or a calcium blocker may be more effective than either alone
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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4. ANTIANGINAL AND ANTI-ISCHEMIC DRUGS
• Drug strategies
Either
to reduced increased cardiac work load (Nitrates, CCBS, B
Blockers)
or
to increase myocardial blood perfusion (Nitrates and CCBs)
So, let’s see the drugs
5. NITRATES
(non-specific smooth muscle relaxation)
# Classification
A. Short Acting : Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, Nitroglycerine)
B. Long Acting : Isosorbide dinitrate ,
isosorbide mononitrate
6. MECHANISM OF ACTION (NITRATES)
Organic nitrates
Enzymatically denitrated
Nitric oxide (NO)
Activates cytosolic guanylyl cyclase
cGMP
cGMP dependent protein kinase
Dephosphorylation of MLCK
Less MLCK-P
Relaxation
7. PRE- LOAD REDUCTION
Nitrates
Vasodilation (more in vein) – Peripheral pooling of blood – decrease VR (pre-
load)
decrease in end diastolic size and pressure
restore the pressure gradient across ventricle by restoring pressure gradient
subendocardial perfusion occurs
8. Effects of Nitrates
A. Afterload reduction
• Nitrates – slight arteriolar dilation – slight t.p.r fall – fall in Afterload
B. Redistribution of coronary flow
In non-ischemic zone, resistance vessel maintain their tone
But in ischemic zone ,
Ischemic induced dilation of resistance vessel and nitrates induced
of conduction arteries
Cause redistribution of coronary outflow
9. PHARMAKOKINETICS
• Lipid soluble
• Oral (except isosorbide mononitrate – first pass metabolism)
• Rapidly denitrated by a glutathione reductase and mitochondrial
aldehyde dehydrogenase
10. ADR
Mostly (ADR) due to vasodilation,
• Fullness in head, throbbing headache
• Flushing, weakness (mitigated by laying down)
• Methemoglobinemia
• Rashes
11. DEPENDENCE
Sudden nitrate withdrawal
Spasm of coronary and peripheral vessels
MI or Death
So, - Antianginal of other class should be added and
- withdrawal of nitrate should be gradual
14. ß-BLOCKERS
# Act by reducing cardiac work and O2 consumption
(decrease HR, inotropic state and mean BP)
# Marginal in rest but very important during exercise or anxiety
(due to anti-adrenergic action on heart)
# Cardio-selective B blocker – atenolol, metoprolol - angina
15. CA++ CHANNEL BLOCKER
# Inhibit influx of calcium
# Major drugs
• Verapamil (hydrophilic papaverine congener ) – mostly cardiac muscle
• Amlodipine (dihydropyridines)--------- mostly on smooth muscle of
peripheral vessels
• Diltiazem (a hydrophilic benzothiazapine) ------- intermediate in action
16. Most important actions of CCB :
A. smooth muscle (esp. vascular) relaxation
- reduces afterload , decreases coronary spasm
B. negative :
chronotropic (the heart rate)
inotropic (the contraction )
dromotropic (the conduction speed )
# CCB reduces myocardial O2 consumption by decreasing vascular
resistance
# All CCB causes fall in BP
21. REFERENCES
• Essential of medical pharmacology, 6th E
• Doe’s Basics of Clinical Pharmacology , 1st E,
Dr. Satish kumar Doe
• USMLE Lecture note review 2016, KAPLAN
