This document discusses various topics related to human sexuality and society. It begins by distinguishing between biological sex and gender, and discusses intersex and transgender individuals. It then addresses sexuality as both a biological and cultural issue, exploring cultural variations in sexual expression and the incest taboo. Several sections cover the sexual revolution of the 1960s and changing sexual attitudes. The document also discusses sexual orientation, controversies around teen pregnancy and pornography, and theoretical perspectives on sexuality including feminism and queer theory. It concludes with an overview of the abortion debate in the United States.

1. Sexuality and Society

2. Sex: a
Biological
Issue?
The biological
distinctions between
females and males
Primary sexual traits
Genitals and organs
used for
reproduction
Secondary sexual
traits
Bodily development
that distinguishes
mature males and
females
This is not to be
confused with
gender

3. Sex and
the Body
• Possessing some combination of
female and male genitalia
Hermaphrodites
• People who feel emotionally
linked to one sex, but are
biologically the other
• Often expressed feeling is
“trapped in the body of the
wrong sex”
• Disregard conventional ideas
about how males and females
look and behave
Transsexuals

4. Sex: A
Cultural
Issue
• Showing affection and sexual
position
• Notions of modesty
• Restrictions placed upon
openness
Cultural variation
• Found in every society
• The norm forbidding sexual
relations between certain
relatives
The incest taboo

5. The Sexual
Revolution:
1960’s
• 1960’s: fostered a new openness toward sexuality
• The pill
• Attitude of sex was part of everyone’s life, married or
not
• Double standard challenged
• Premarital sex
• Men and women are almost equal in the percent
reporting engaging in premarital sex
• Premarital sex is broadly accepted among America's
young
• Sex between adults
• 1/3rd have sex a few times a year or not at all
• 1/3rd have sex once to a few times a month
• 1/3rd have sex with a partner two or more times a week
• Extramarital sex
• 75% of men and 90% of women remain faithful during
the marriages

6. Sexual Attitudes
in the U.S.
• The sexual
counterrevolution: 1980’s
• The return to sexual
responsibility
• Limited partners
• Worry about STD’s
(especially HIV/AIDS)
• Movement to decrease
premarital sex

7. Sexual
Orientation
A person’s romantic and emotional attraction to
another person. Some terms below, but too
many to list
• Heterosexuality: “Hetero” means the other of
two
• Homosexuality: “Homo” means the same
• Bisexuality: Strong attraction to both sexes
• Asexuality: No sexual attraction
• Roots of sexual orientation
• Sexual orientation may not be a “choice”
• Mounting biological evidence for genetics
• Cannot discount social influences

8. Sexual
Controversies
• US has the highest rates of other high-
income countries
Teen pregnancy
• Sexually explicit material that causes
sexual arousal
• Supreme court gives local
communities the power to decide
what violates “community standards”
• Conservatives criticize it on “moral”
ground
• Progressives criticize it for political
reasons
• Wide availability blurs lines of what is
real
Pornography

9. Prostitution
The selling of sexual services, often
referred to as the
“world’s oldest profession”
• Social and cultural ties
• Strongest in low-income countries
where
• Patriarchy is strong
• Opportunities to earn a living are
restricted
• Types of prostitution
• “Call girls”
• Workers in controlled parlors
• “Street walkers”
• Many consider it a “victimless crime”

10. Sexual
Violence
and Abuse
• Sexual violence ranges from verbal abuse
to rape to assault
A culture of rape
• A violent act that uses sex to hurt,
humiliate, or control another person
Rape
• Forcible sexual violence against women by
men they know
Date rape (or acquaintance rape)
• Rape involves strangers
• Women provoke their attackers
• Rape is simply sex
Myths about rape

11. Theoretical
Analysis
Functionalism
• Need to regulate sexual
behavior
Symbolic Interaction
• The social construction of sexuality
Conflict Theory
• Creating social inequality
Feminist theory
• Sexuality may ultimately lead to the
degradation of women in society
Queer theory
• Challenging the heterosexual bias
against homosexuals

12. The Abortion
Controversy
The deliberate termination of a
pregnancy
• 1973 Roe v.Wade U.S.
Supreme court
• Established a woman’s legal
access to abortion
• Pro-choice
• Support a woman’s right to
choose abortion
• Pro-life
• Abortion is morally wrong
• Circumstances of the
pregnancy makes a big
difference in how people see
this issue