3D cell culture allows for more natural cell-to-cell attachments and communication through gap junctions compared to 2D culture. This results in greater tissue differentiation and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation in 3D culture, whereas cells in 2D culture are more easily killed. A lab-on-a-chip integrates multiple laboratory functions onto a single microfluidic chip and offers advantages like lower reagent costs, portability, faster reactions, and lower fabrication costs compared to traditional labs.

4. 3D VS 2D● In 3D cell culture, cells attach to
one another and form natural cell-
to-cell attachments.
● These gap junctions are much
more prevalent in 3D cell culture
than 2D and these junctions
enable cells to communicate with
each other via exchange of ions,
small molecules and even
electrical currents.
● 3D culture have more tissue
differentiation, cell adherence
property.
● Cell grown in 3D culture could not
be killed by low doses of
chemotherapeutic drug or low
doses of radiation.
● In 2D culture cell does not
attached properly.
● Gap junction are not much
widespread in 2D culture.
● Less tissue differentiation
● cell could be easily killed by
low doses of drug.

7. LAB ON CHIP
● A lab-on-a-chip is a device that integrates one or several
laboratory functions on a single chip that deals with handling
particles in hollow microfluidic channels.
Advantages
● Lowering fluid volume consumption (lower reagents costs,
less waste), increasing portability of the devices, increasing
process control (due to quicker thermo-chemical reactions)
and decreasing fabrication costs.