Basic Civil Engineering Notes of Chapter-6, Topic- Ecosystem, Biodiversity G...
Animal Cell.pptx
1.
2. “A cell is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life
that is responsible for all of life’s processes.”
3. The cell theory states that:
• All living species on Earth are composed of
cells.
• A cell is the basic unit of life.
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
4. The cell theory was proposed by:
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow
5. Modern version of the cell theory:
• Energy flows within the cells.
• Genetic information is passed on from one cell
to the other.
• The chemical composition of all the cells is the
same.
6. • Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665.
• Later Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed cells
under another compound microscope with higher
magnification.
• In 1883, Robert Brown, a Scottish botanist,
provided the very first insights into the cell
structure.
8. Prokaryotic
• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. Instead, some
prokaryotes such as bacteria have a region within the cell
where the genetic material is freely suspended. This region
is called the nucleoid.
• They all are single-celled microorganisms.
• Examples include archaea, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.
• The cell size ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 µm in diameter.
• The hereditary material can either be DNA or RNA.
• Prokaryotes generally reproduce by binary fission, a form of
asexual reproduction.
9. Eukaryotic
• Eukaryotic cells are characterized
by a true nucleus.
• The size of the cells ranges
between 10–100 µm in diameter.
• This broad category involves plants,
fungi, protozoans, and animals.
• They reproduce sexually as well as
asexually.
Plant
Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
10.
11. 1. Cell Membrane
• It is the outermost layer
in the animal cell.
• It controls what enters
and exits the cell such as
water, nutrients and
waste and thereby
protects and supports the
cell.
12. 2. Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm is a thick, clear,
jelly-like substance present inside
the cell membrane.
• It is where membrane-bound
organelles are embedded.
• Most of the chemical reactions
within a cell take place in this
cytoplasm.
13. 3. Nucleus
• The nucleus contains the
hereditary material of the
cell, the DNA.
• It sends signals to the cells to
grow, mature, divide, and die.
• The nucleus is surrounded by
the nuclear envelope that
separates the DNA from the
rest of the cell.
16. 1. Centrosomes
• It is a microtubule-
organizing center found
near the nuclei of animal
cells.
• To maintain equal
distribution of
chromosomes in daughter
cells.
17. 2. LYSOSOME
• These are small, spherical organelles
that contain digestive enzymes for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
• They transport undigested material
to the cell membrane for removal.
18.
19. Nucleolus
It is located inside the nucleus and contains
RNA to build protein. It is surrounded by a fluid
called nucleoplasm.
Nuclear Envelope
The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus
by forming a boundary between the nucleus and
other cell organelles.
20. Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is
involved in the transportation of
substances throughout the cell. It
plays a primary role in the
metabolism of carbohydrates, and
the synthesis of lipids, steroids, and
proteins.
Its two kinds are:
A. Smooth ER: without attached
ribosomes
B. Rough ER: with attached
ribosomes
Smooth ER
Rough ER
21. 4. Ribosomes
It is made up of RNA and other protein. It
main function is for synthesizing proteins.
22. 2. GOLGI BODIES
Golgi bodies are called the cell’s
post office as it is involved in the
transportation of materials within the
cell.
23. 3. Mitochondria
It is a set of flattened sacs that
serves as the packaging and
distribution center of the cell. The
mitochondrion is called “the
powerhouse of the cell.” It packages,
stores, and secretes energy. It
produces ATP – the cell’s energy
currency.
24. 9. VACUOLE
The vacuole stores food or nutrients a cell
might need to survive. They may also store
waste products, so the rest of the cell is
protected from contamination.
25.
26. A. Provides Support and Structure
All the organisms are made up of cells. They form
the structural basis of all the organisms. The cell wall and
the cell membrane are the main components that function
to provide support and structure to the organism. E.g., the
skin is made up of a large number of cells.
B. Facilitate Growth Mitosis
In the process of mitosis, the parent cell divides into
the daughter cells. Thus, the cells multiply and facilitate the
growth of an organism.
27. C. Allows Transport of Substances
Various nutrients are imported by the cells to carry out various chemical
processes going on inside the cells.
D. Energy Production
Cells require energy to carry out various chemical processes. This energy is
produced by the cells through a process called photosynthesis in plants and
respiration in animals.
E. Aids in Reproduction
A cell aids in reproduction through the processes called mitosis and meiosis.
• Mitosis is termed as asexual reproduction where the parent cell divides
to form daughter cells.
• Meiosis causes the daughter cells to be genetically different from the
parent cells.
Editor's Notes
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
A botanist
A zoologist
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles.
All animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. Thus, animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells, and protist cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
It keeps all the parts of the cell inside.
It fills up the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
It is jelly-like substance compose of mainly water as well as dissolved nutrients
It controls and regulates all cell activities.
These organelles are found in animal cells but are not present in plant cells.
They are membrane-bound and are embedded in the fluid-like substance located in the cell’s cytoplasm.
Thus, we can understand why cells are known as the structural and functional unit of life. This is because they are responsible for providing structure to the organisms and perform several functions necessary for carrying out life’s processes.
These organelles are found in animal cells but are not present in plant cells.
Thus, we can understand why cells are known as the structural and functional unit of life. This is because they are responsible for providing structure to the organisms and perform several functions necessary for carrying out life’s processes.
Thus, we can understand why cells are known as the structural and functional unit of life. This is because they are responsible for providing structure to the organisms and perform several functions necessary for carrying out life’s processes.
