The document provides an overview of the Android mobile platform, including what Android is, its history and inventors, versions and statistics, features, architecture, and application development process. It defines Android as an open-source operating system based on a Linux kernel that powers many smartphones and tablets. Key points covered include Android's use of Java and C/C++ programming languages, how it allows third-party apps to be downloaded, and some of the challenges developers face in creating apps for Android's fragmented ecosystem.

1. Android Introduction
Mobile Platform
Reena Nachare

2. Overview
 What is Android?
 What android has done to Smart Phone Market?
 Ways to get android applications
 Android inventors
 Android Versions and Statistics
 Android Features
 Platform Architecture
 Technology Stack
 Android Application Life Cycle
 Technologies with Android Application Development
 Challenges in Android
 Important Links

3. What is Android?
 It is a mobile platform, consist of
 Operating System – Linux kernel
 Middleware - Bridge between OS and applications (s/w)
 Key applications – Default System Applications
 An open platform for developers, users & industry

4. Usage of Android in Smart Phone Market

5. Ways to get Android Apps
 Preinstalled on phone during manufacturer
 Download applications from Google play store
 Create your own application

6. Android inventors
 Developed by Andy Rubin and its team
 Maintained by Open Handset Alliance
 Led by Google

7. OHA (Open handset alliance)
 A business alliance consisting of more than 50 companies to develop open standards
for mobile devices

8. Android Versions
Code name Version number API Level Initial release date
(No codename)[4] 1.0 1 September 23, 2008
(Internally known as "Petit Four")[4] 1.1 2 February 9, 2009
Cupcake 1.5 3 April 27, 2009
Donut[5] 1.6 4 September 15, 2009
Eclair[6] 2.0–2.1 5-6 October 26, 2009
Froyo[7] 2.2–2.2.3 7-8 May 20, 2010
Gingerbread[8] 2.3–2.3.7 9-10 December 6, 2010
Honeycomb[9] 3.0–3.2.6 11-13 February 22, 2011
Ice Cream Sandwich[10] 4.0–4.0.4 14-15 October 18, 2011
Jelly Bean[11] 4.1–4.3.1 16-18 July 9, 2012
KitKat[12] 4.4–4.4.4 19-20 October 31, 2013
Lollipop[14] 5.0–5.1.1 21-22 November 12, 2014
Marshmallow[15] 6.0–6.0.1 23 October 5, 2015
Nougat[16] 7.0–7.1.2 24-25 August 22, 2016
O 8.0 26 TBA

9. Android Version statistics

10. Android Features
 Hardware Features
 Cellular Networking
 LAN : Bluetooth, Wi-fi Direct
 Graphical hardware accelerations
 Biometric touch screen support
 Improved battery backup
 Software Features
 SQLite database support for relational data storage
 Dalvik Virtual Machine/ Android Runtime optimized for mobile devices
 Media Support for audio, video and different image formats
 Multi window support
 OK Google to serve you immediately
 Limited background task execution to specific interval – Location Updates

11. Platform
Architecture

12.  Foundation of Android Platform
 Allow device manufacturers to develop h/w drivers for well known kernel
 Android Runtime relies for following functionalities
 Threading
 Low – Level Memory management

13.  Provide standard interfaces that expose device hardware capabilities to the higher level
Java API framework. E.g. Camera or Bluetooth

14.  From Android version 5.0 (API Level 21 or
higher), each application runs with its own
process and own instance of Android
runtime.
 For low memory devices android ART runs
multiple virtual machines by using Dex
(Dalvik Executable) files (Avoid 64K)
 Features
 Ahead of time (AOT) and Just in time (JIT)
Compilation
 Optimized garbage collection
 Better debugging support and crash
reporting

15.  Core components such as ART, HAL are built using native code that requires native
libraries written in C / C++.

16.  Entire feature set available in this framework and that written in JAVA language.
 This API help us to create android applications by using building blocks, which including
following
 View system Develop app rich and extensible UI such as text, list, grid, edittext etc.
 Resource Manager Provide access to non code resources such layout, strings, dimens files
 Notification Manager Display custom notification in status bar
 Activity Manager Manages lifecycle of app and provide back stack mechanism
 Content Providers Enables Apps to access data from other apps

17. Android comes with a set of core apps for email, SMS messaging, calendars, internet browsing,
contacts, and more. Apps included with the platform have no special status among the apps the
user chooses to install. So a third-party app can become the user's default web browser, SMS
messenger, or even the default keyboard (some exceptions apply, such as the system's Settings
app).

18. Technology Stack
 IDE
 Android Studio
 Eclipse
 JDK
 Android Development Tool
 Android SDK
 Development Languages
 Core Java - Cover Functional Part of application
 Kotlin – Alternative for Java introduced in Google I/O 2017
 Xml – Cover responsive UI for mobile

19. Android Studio

20. Project Structure

21. Android Layout Preview

22. Development Tools
 Android Emulator
 A virtual Android device that allows us to develop, debug, test our application in android
runtime environment
 Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
 Debug application
 USB Port connection management for external devices
 Heap/Stack Management
 Memory Management
 UI - Automator

23. Android Emulator

24. Dalvik Debug Monitor Service

25. Android Application Life-Cycle

26. Challenges in Android App Development
 Software Fragmentation Its very hard for developer to keep sync up in the aspect of
display with multiple android devices. Its not good practice to keep development limited
to few devices.
 Hardware Fragmentation There are more than 200+ device vendors, each vendor creates
device with its own features such as keyboard form, Screen Size, Camera Button etc.
 Security Due to lack of strict app development guidelines, developed applications are
easily vulnerable.
 Android Market Search Engine One of the major Android app development challenges for
developers is the Android marketplace. Android has more than 8 million apps on its
marketplace today and getting your app visible amongst them is a challenge. As a result,
even with a great android app developed, if you don’t pay attention to its promotion, you
may lose out on gaining any traction.

27. Technologies with Android
 IoT (Internet of things) is the inner-networking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings
embedded with software, sensors which enables these object to collect and
exchanged data. e.g Send weather report using BLE Beacon on smartphone.
 Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that uses headsets, sometimes in combination with
physical spaces or multi-projected environments, to generate realistic images, sounds
and other sensations that simulates a user's physical presence in a virtual or imaginary
environment.

28. Important Links
 Android Studio - https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html
 Android Training - https://developer.android.com/training/index.html
 Android VR - https://developers.google.com/vr/android/get-started
 Android IoT - https://developer.android.com/things/index.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things

29. Queries

30. Thank You!!!