The document provides an overview of the Android operating system, highlighting its Linux-based architecture, the extensive application ecosystem available through the Google Play store, and its open-source nature that encourages development. It discusses the components of Android, its significance in the mobile market, and tools for application development, such as the Android SDK and emulator. Additionally, it addresses challenges like platform fragmentation and security issues while emphasizing Android's role in advancing mobile technology.

1. Introduction to Android
Design By
Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa
APSMIND TECHNOLOGY
8750475003

2. Android
What is Android?
-Android is Linux Based OS
-Designed for use on cell phones, e-readers, tablet PCs.
-Android provides easy access to social networking sites.
-Android has been adopted by a number of manufacturers.
-Lot of Applications Available in Google Market.
-Android-based phones will continue to be strong competitors in the
smart-phone market.

3. How does Android work?
– Its open market model allows registered software
developers
to create applications for Android
- Listing of Applications in Android Market
– Users can download from a growing store of
smart-phone applications at Google Market
– Download compatible Android apps from other locations

4. Android Architecture

5. Linux Kernel
• Linux Version 2.6 as - h/w abstraction layer
• Proven driver model
• Security, Memory & Process Management
• Efficient computing resource management
• Stable and proven for mobile platform

6. Libraries
• Written in C/C++ - System C Library(libc)
• Surface manager - composing different drawing screens
• Display/Graphics(SGL)-for 2D graphics
• OpenGLES – 3D Graphics Library
• Media Libraries
• SQLite –RDB engine-light weight
• LibWebCore–web browser engine–embeddable web view

7. Android Runtime
• Includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the
functionality-JAVA
• Every Android application runs in its own process
• Dalvik VM executes files in the (.dex) format
• Device can run multiple VMs efficiently.

8. The Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Interpreter only machine optimized for
use on low powered, low memory devices
like phones
• Dalvik uses the Java programming
language but not the JVM
• Dalvik is not a Java virtual machine.
• It uses bytecode format called “dex”.

9. Application Framework
Activity Manager :Manages the lifecycle of applications
Content provider :Enable applications access data from other
applications
Resource Manager :Providing access to non-code resources
Window Manager :window manager instance is bound to a particular
Display.
Notification manager: Class to notify the user of events that happen. This
is how you tell the user that something has happened in the background

10. Who’s doing it?
– Computer science departments at numerous colleges and
universities are embracing development for the Android
platform.
– Engineering doctoral students from the University of
Washington work at Google’s Seattle offices to refine the
Open
Data Kit that they created
- Using Android in Industrial Automation

11. WHAT MAKES AN ANDROID SPECIAL
• Open source – Free development platform
• Built in components can be improved
• Built in services like GPS,SQL Database, browser
and maps
• Management of process life cycle
• High quality graphics and sound
• Portability across current and future hardware
• Component-based architecture and reusable,
replaceable modules
• Multi-layer isolation of programs

12. Why is Android significant?
– Android has been selected by many hardware
manufacturers to run on a wide range of devices.
– Android based phones are available from all major
cellular providers.
– Android may bring smart phone and tablet functionality
to a much wider cross-section of students.
– Android is a User Friendly OS.

13. Where is Android going?
– The Android OS may accelerate the diffusion of smart
phones by providing a free OS.
– Access to the Android software development kit (SDK)
suggests that the number of applications will continue to
swell as professional developers provide new offerings.
– Transforming them from consumers of existing
applications to creators of apps designed to meet their
needs.
– Android, by increasing the user base, might hasten the
integration of mobile technology.
– Android is the Biggest selling OS in the World on Mobile
Computing.

14. ANDROID SDK

Android software development is the
process by which new applications are
created for the Android operating system.

Applications are usually developed in
the Java programming language using the
Android Software Development Kit.

15. Development Tools
• The Android SDK includes a variety of custom tools that help
you develop mobile applications on the Android platform.Three
of the most significant tools are:
• Android Emulator -A virtual mobile device that runs on our
computer -use to design, debug, and test our applications in an
actual Android run-time environment
• Android Development Tools Plugin -for the Eclipse IDE – adds
powerful extensions to the Eclipse integrated environment
• Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (DDMS) -Integrated with Dalvik
-this tool let us manage processes on an emulator and assists in
debugging
Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

16. Android Application Development
Eclipse
IDE
Android
SDK
Android
Emulator
Android
Mobile
Device
Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

17. Android development
Android
Manifest
Resource
XML
Java Source
Generated
Class
Java
Compiler
Android
Libraries
.dex
File
Dalvik
VM
Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

18. Eclipse Emulator
Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

19. Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

20. Soft Development
Design Coding
Testing
Release Process
Errors?
Design
Error?
No
Yes
No
Yes
Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

21. Release Process
Prepare for Build
Perform Build
“Release Candidate”
Thoroughly
Test Build
Publish
Release
Test Packaged
Release Candidate
Package and
Sign Package
Fix Bugs!
Got Bugs?
Got Bugs?
No Bugs?
Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

22. DESIGN
• Android is based on the Linux kernel,
with middleware, libraries and APIs written
in C and application software running on
an application framework which includes
Java-compatible libraries based on Apache
Harmony.

23. SOFTWARE FEATURES
• Integrated browser based on the open source
Web Kit engine
• SQLite for relational data storage
• Media support for common audio, video,
and still image formats
• Dalvik Virtual Machine optimized for
mobile devices

24. HARDWARE FEAUTURES
• Cellular networking : GSM, EDGE, 3G
• LAN : Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi
• Graphics Hardware Acceleration
• Camera, GPS and Compass
• Touch screen and accelerometer for motion
sensing

25. Techniques for saving data
– SQLite Databases: relational database library for
storing and managing complex data
– Files: you can create, write, and read files from the
local storage or external media (SD Cards)
•FileOutputStream, FileInputStream, and Resources classes.
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26. Architecture of Data Storage
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27. Life cycle of application
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1. A foreground process
2. A visible process
3. A service process
4. A background process
5. An empty process

28. SECURITY
• Android applications run in a sandbox, an
isolated area of the operating system that
does not have access to the rest of the
system's resources, unless access
permissions are granted by the user when
the application is installed.

29. ANDROID MARKET
• Google Play, formerly Android Market, is the
online software store developed by Google
for Android devices
• Market. As of October 2011 there were more
than 300,000 apps available for Android, and
the estimated number of applications
downloaded from the Android Market as of
December 2011 exceeded 10 billion.

30. What are the downsides of
Android?
- Platform fragmentation is an issue for Android OS devices.
- New application releases may not work reliably
across all Android devices.
-For developers, the variety of device types and form factors that use
Android make development more expensive.
- Google does not oversee or approve third-party Android apps before
they go to market.
- Half of Application sent private information including GPS
coordinates and phone numbers to remote servers without seeking
permission or notifying users.

31. CONCLUSION
Android is open to all: industry, developers and
users
Participating in many of the successful open
source projects
Aims to be as easy to build for as the web.
Google Android is stepping into the next level
of Mobile Internet
Android is a disruptive technology, which was
introduced initially on mobile handsets, but has much
wider potential.