- Android is an open source software platform for mobile devices based on the Linux kernel and managed by the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in Java for the applications layer. - The Android software stack includes the Linux kernel, native libraries, the Android runtime (which includes a Java virtual machine called Dalvik), and the Application Framework layer where Android applications run. - Android applications are built using the Android SDK and its tools which allow compilation of Java code into an executable .apk file that can be installed and run on Android devices.

9. Android Architecture

15. Android applications are compiled to Dalvik byte code Write app in Java Compiled in Java Transformed to Dalvik byte code Linux OS Loaded into Dalvik VM

16. Android SDK  ADT: Android Development Tool, an Eclipe plugin  Two debuggers  adb : Android Debug Bridge  ddms : Dalvik Debug Monitor Server  aapk : Android Application package tool  All resources are bundled into an archive, called apk file.  dx : java byte code to Dalvik executable translator

17. Differences between Smart Phones Feature Android Windows mobile BlackBerry company Google Microsoft RIM OS family Linux Windows Mobile OS Languages Java Visual C++ C++ SDK Platform Multiplatform dependent dependent Face book Yes Yes Yes Multitasking Yes limited limited

18. Differences between Apple and Android Specification Apple Android Ownership Apple Proprietary Google open Source Compatible Access Technology 3G,3.5G,Wi-Fi,Bluetooth 2G,3G,3.5G and 4G(GSM , CDMA,Bluetooth,Wi-Fi, and WiMAX) Compatible Devices iPod , iPod Touch, iPhones Any Devices Messaging SMS , MMS ,email SMS , MMS , email and C2DM Web Browser Safari Open source Web kit layout engine coupled with Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine Connectivity Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and NFC Multitasking Supported Supported Other device connectivity (Internet) Bluetooth (Internet Tethering) Hotspot feature with Wi-Fi

19. Differences between Apple and Android Specification Apple Android Chrome to phone Not supported Supported 3D Google Map Not Yet Supported Email Attachments Single file only Multiple files Google Talk Web browser chat GTalk Specific Client and Video Supported Hardware Vendors Apple Samsung,Motorola,LG,Sony Ericsson, Dell,Huawei,HTC 3rd Party Branded OS No Supported Adobe Flash Support Not Supported Supported

20. Android applications have common structure Views such as lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data A Resource Manager , providing access to non-code resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files A Notification Manager that enables all apps to display custom alerts in the status bar An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack

21. Android applications have common structure Broadcast receivers can trigger intents that start an application Data storage provide data for your apps, and can be shared between apps – database, file, and shared preferences (hash map) used by group of applications Services run in the background and have no UI for the user – they will update data, and trigger events Intents specify what specific action should be performed Activity is the presentation layer of your app: there will be one per screen, and the Views provide the UI to the activity

22. Replacing & Reusing Components GMail Contacts Home Blogger Chat Client component makes a request for a specific action “ Pick photo” Picasa System picks best component for that action New components can use existing functionality Blogger Photo Gallery

23. There is a common file structure for applications code images files UI layouts constants Autogenerated resource list

25. Project Properties Project Name This is the name of the directory or folder on your computer that you want to contain the project. Package Name This is the package namespace (following the same rules as for packages in the Java programming language) that you want all your source code to reside under. This also sets the package name under which the stub Activity will be generated. The package name you use in your application must be unique across all packages installed on the system; for this reason, it's very important to use a standard domain-style package for your applications. In the example above, we used the package domain "com.chicagoandroids". Activity Name This is the name for the class stub that will be generated by the plug-in. This will be a subclass of Android's Activity class. An Activity is simply a class that can run and do work. It can create a UI if it chooses, but it doesn't need to. Application Name This is the human-readable title for your application.

34. Activities (continue)

35. Activities (continue)

47. Activities and Tasks (Cont)

67. Tasks and Back Stack

69. Application Life Cycle (1) System Process Home Process Home Mail Message Browser Map Mail Process Browser Process Map Process

70. Application Life Cycle (2) System Process Home Process Home Map Browser Message Mail Map Process Browser Process Mail Process

71. Intents & Intent Filters

76. Intent Object Structure

86. Intent Resolution

92. Intent Filters Intent Resolution

102. Intent Resolution – Special Use Cases

105. User Interface In Android

124. Linear Layout fill_parent fill_parent Some Button... fill_parent wrap_content

128. LinearLayout

136. LinearLayout LinearLayout vertical LinearLayout horizontal weight=0.5 weight=0.5

138. RelativeLayout toRightOf 1 1 parentTop parentLeft layout_below button1 2 parentBottom toRightOf 1

139. RelativeLayout : LayoutParams @+id/green @+id/red android:layout_above="@id/green" android:layout_below="@id/red" @+id/green @+id/red android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/green" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/red"

140. RelativeLayout : LayoutParams @+id/red @+id/red @+id/green android:layout_alignBottom="@id/red" @+id/green android:layout_alignTop="@id/red" @+id/green android:layout_alignLeft="@id/red" @+id/green android:layout_alignRight="@id/red"

141. RelativeLayout : LayoutParams android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" parent @+id/red @+id/red

147. Table Layout Example

153. Example of ScrollView

156. Adapting to Display Orientation

158. Adapting to Display Orientation ANCHORING VIEWS LANDSCAPE PORTRAIT

177. Menu Composition Plus Home Pre Next <option menu> Sub1 Sub2 Hi Hola Hello <sub-menu> <context menu from EditText> Long press in EditText

198. Creating an Alert Dialog

205. Date/Time Select