This document provides an overview of ancient philosophies from China, India, and Greece. It discusses the key concepts of Confucianism in Chinese philosophy such as ritual, relationships, filial piety, and loyalty. It also mentions Legalism which emphasized consolidating wealth and power for the state. In Indian philosophy it lists schools like Astika, Nastika, Mimamsa, and Buddhism. For Greek philosophy it outlines pre-Socratic thinkers like Thales and Heraclitus and Socrates who used questioning to stimulate critical thinking. It also briefly discusses Plato, Aristotle and his laws of thought, and Zeno's paradoxes.

1. Ancient Philosophy
(China, India, Greece)

2. Chinese Philosophy. Confucianism.
 Based on ethics.
 Key concepts:
1. Ritual – secular ceremonial behavior.
2. Relationships – duties arising from different status
one held in relation to others.
3. Filial piety (respect and obedience).
4. Loyalty.
5. Humanness (Golden Rule).
6. The perfect gentleman.

3. Virtuous Life.

4. Chinese Philosophy. Legalism.
 Largely ignoring morality or questions on how a
society ideally should function, they examined
contemporary government; emphasizing a realistic
consolidation of the wealth and power of autocrat
and state, with the goal of achieving increased order,
security and stability.

5. Chinese Philosophy. Taoism.
 Taoism tends to emphasize various themes, such as
naturalness, spontaneity, simplicity, detachment from
desires, and most important of all, wu wei.
 Tao and Te
 Wu-wei
 Naturalness
 Three Treasures

7. Indian Philosophy
Astika Nastika
Mimamsa
Jainism
Vedanta
Samkhya
Buddhism
Yoga
Nyaya
Charvaka
Vaisheshika

10. Greek Philosophy. Pre-Socratic.
 Thales
 Pythagoras
 Heraclitus
 Protagoras
 Democritus

11. Socrates
 Socratic method - a form of cooperative
argumentative dialogue between individuals, based
on asking and answering questions to stimulate
critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying
presumptions.
 “I know nothing except the fact of my
ignorance”.

13. Plato’s Cave.

14. Plato

15. Aristotle.
 Syllogism.
 Laws:
 1. The law of identity
 2. The law of non-contradiction
 3. The law of excluded middle

16. Zeno paradoxes
 Achilles and the tortoise
 Dichotomy paradox
 Arrow paradox