Phylosophy of man
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Filsafat manusia adalah cabang ilmu filsafat yang membahas mengenai makna menjadi manusia. Filsafat manusia menjadikan manusia sebagai objek studinya. Dalam cabang ilmu filsafat ini manusia akan mengajukan pertanyaan mengenai diri mereka sebagai manusia.[3] Filsafat manusia terus berkembang karena manusia adalah objek yang penuh dengan misteri. Titik tolak filsafat manusia adalah pengetahuan dan pengalaman manusia, serta dunia yang melingkupinya. Dalam sejarah ada beberapa istilah yang mendahului filsafat manusia, yaitu psikologi filsafat, psikologi rasional, eksperimental dan empiris. Filsafat manusia perlu dipelajari karena manusia mempunyai kemampuan dan kekuatan untuk menyelidiki dan menganalisis sesuatu secara mendalam. Manusia berpikir dan menganalisis banyak hal. Pada suatu titik manusia akan sampai kepada saat di mana dia akan bertanya mengenai arti keberadaannya sendiri sebagai manusia. Dengan demikian filsafat manusia mengantar manusia untuk menyelami kehidupannya sendiri, dan sangat mungkin mendapat pencerahan mengenai menjadi manusia yang lebih utuh. Dalam sejarah, manusia selalu berusaha memecahkan permasalahan pokok tentang makna dan eksistensinya yang selalu sulit memperoleh jawaban. Filsafat manusia ada untuk mendorong manusia mencari hakikatnya.
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Philosophy involves the investigation of existence through subfields like epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics. It uses methods of critical, rational, and reflective thinking to find conclusions. Philosophy differs from religion in its emphasis on critical thinking and analysis over faith. In Plato's Republic, he outlines his ideal society and identifies virtues like temperance, courage, wisdom, and justice as necessary for a good life.
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This document discusses pursuing wisdom and facing challenges in the 21st century. It outlines objectives for a group related to distinguishing holistic and partial perspectives, recognizing activities from reflection, realizing the value of philosophy, and appreciating indigenous thoughts. It then introduces philosophy and discusses its meaning as the love of wisdom. It explains philosophy studies all things through natural reason and investigates first causes. The document also outlines the branches of philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics.
Introduction of philosophy
This document provides an introduction to philosophy by discussing its definition, origins, notable ancient Greek philosophers, and branches. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and the study of ultimate causes and principles. Some key points made include:
- Philosophy's origins trace back to ancient Greece, with philosophers like Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Democritus, and Socrates making major contributions.
- Plato and Aristotle were two of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers. Plato founded the Academy and developed theories like forms, while Aristotle studied many disciplines and classified plants and animals.
- There are several branches of philosophy, including aesthetics, logic, ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics
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This document provides an overview of a social anthropology course, including the instructor's contact information and a summary of the content covered in Chapter 1. The chapter defines anthropology as the study of humans, their origins, development, and variations. It notes that humans have both biological and cultural characteristics. The summary then covers key concepts in anthropology, including its scope, subject matter, and main subfields of physical/biological anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and socio-cultural anthropology.
The Concept on Man: A Contrastive Analysis between Western and Islamic Psycho...
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Being placed in the highest pedestal in the hierarchy of creations, man has been the focus in many areas of research, be it in religion, psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc. Regardless in the East or West, the study on man which started in the ancient past is still an on-going one. In the West, the research on man which started with the Greek philosophers has not ended for the reason there does not exist a comprehensive conclusion on the many enigmatic questions that surround the study on man. This scenario has opened the opportunity in West for the emergence of a divergent concept on man. In the Islamic world ever since the heydays of the Islamic civilization (750-1258), Muslim scholars have been constantly researching on the many dimensions of man stated in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Since the quest to understand man is a perennial one, this paper intends to explore and make an exposition on the concepts of man provided by the mainstream Western psychology; namely psychoanalysis, behaviorism and humanistic psychology. In this research too, in a contrastive manner the researchers would like to compare the Western theories on man with that mentioned in the Islamic psychology. The Concept on Man: A Contrastive Analysis between Western and Islamic
Being placed in the highest pedestal in the hierarchy of creations, man has been the focus in many areas of research, be it in religion, psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc. Regardless in the East or West, the study on man which started in the ancient past is still an on-going one. In the West, the research on man which started with the Greek philosophers has not ended for the reason there does not exist a comprehensive conclusion on the many enigmatic questions that surround the study on man. This scenario has opened the opportunity in West for the emergence of a divergent concept on man. In the Islamic world ever since the heydays of the Islamic civilization (750-1258), Muslim scholars have been constantly researching on the many dimensions of man stated in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Since the quest to understand man is a perennial one, this paper intends to explore and make an exposition on the concepts of man provided by the mainstream Western psychology; namely psychoanalysis, behaviorism and humanistic psychology. In this research too, in a contrastive manner the researchers would like to compare the Western theories on man with that mentioned in the Islamic psychology.
Philosophical Perspective of the Self.pdf
This document discusses the philosophical perspectives of several thinkers on the concept of self, including:
- Socrates viewed the self as an immortal soul that can achieve wisdom through constant examination.
- Plato believed the self is the soul, consisting of reason, passion, and physical appetite integrated under reason's control.
- Aristotle saw the soul as the essence of living things, with humans possessing a rational soul allowing self-actualization.
- Later philosophers like Locke, Kant, Freud, and Merleau-Ponty expanded on these ideas, with varying views that the self is constructed through experience, exists within the brain, or is understood through phenomena.
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- 1. PHILOSOPHY OF MAN By : TRI VINNA FITRIYANA IKOR’19 A/19060484017 UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA
- 3. DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY • Philosophy is a thinking mode or a method which asks questions about the nature and essence of various realities appearing on our earth (Laehy, 2008) • Philosophy concerns with questions such as: - What is the meaning of life and activity, freedom and love?. What does one speak about universe, man, God?
- 5. PHILOSHOPHY OF MAN Philosophy of man which considers what man himself means. It tries to articulate as best as it can what the being or creature we call “man” really is. In the past, Philosophy of Man called : - Philosophical of psychology or rational psychology - Term “psychology” is difficult bec etymologically “psychology” is “a science of the mind”. - Philosophical anthropology (anthropos in Greek means “man”. It appears more exact bec it denotes the whole human being, spirit and body, mind and flesh.
- 6. Difficulty of Philosophy of Man Two different perspectives: a) Sciences and b) philosophers. a) Specific Sciences dealing with man from perspectives : his origin, physical characteristics, ways of conduct, achievement, diseases and anomalies. (scientific discipline: biology, history, psychology, embryology, anthropology, sociology theology, etc)
- 7. b) Philosophers’ conceptions: • Plato and Plotinos – consider man a divine human being • Epicuros and Lucretius – consider man a short-lived creature, born by chance and then gone altogether • Descartes – human freedom resembles the freedom of God • Voltaire – human beings does not essentially differ from superior animals. •Hobbes – human beings are aggressive and evil in action • Rousseau – human beings good by nature. The different conceptions of those philosophers have brought out the philosophy of man is a neccessity and possibility of study
- 9. Human Nature and Its Characteristis Human nature and its characteristics are as the object of Philosophy of Man 1. The existence of nature and characteristics distinguish human beings from other creatures. 2. Typical characteristics of human conduct are different, eg. Africans and Asians. 3. Men of the same culture may have different concepts about: morally good and morally bad