The document discusses the ethical teachings of Confucianism and Taoism. For Confucianism, it discusses the emphasis on virtues like loyalty and respecting elders to promote social order. The key concept of ren means humaneness and respecting others. The five main virtues are benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity. It is centered around having good moral character. For Taoism, it discusses the importance of balance and harmony as represented by yin and yang. Taoism forbids actions like killing and lying that disrupt natural balance. The goal is to live simply in harmony with nature.

1. Ethical teachings of
Confucianism

2. How do the teachings of Confucius reflect
the desire for an orderly society?
• The Confucian solution. Confucius believed that
to restore order, societies had to encourage
certain virtues, such as loyalty, trustworthiness,
and respecting your elders. He believed people
were capable of attaining these and other
virtues through education.

3. What does it mean to be ethical in a
Confucian context?
• One key concept in Confucian ethics is that of
jen which means human heartedness,
benevolence, a dignity for human life as well as
a sense of respect for fellow human beings and
oneself. And therefore to be ethical, one is to
act according to jen.

4. What are the Five constant virtues in
Confucianism?
• Within Confucianism there are five constant
virtues or wu chang (五常). In descending order
of importance, the virtues are benevolence or
ren (仁), righteousness or yi (义), propriety or li (
理), wisdom or zhi (智) and fidelity or xin (信).

5. What is the ethical system of Confucianism
centered around?
• The main idea of Confucianism is the
importance of having a good moral character,
which can then affect the world around that
person through the idea of “cosmic harmony.” If
the emperor has moral perfection, his rule will
be peaceful and benevolent.

6. Basic Tenets of Confucianism

7. Li-ren and li in Dutch
• Confucianism stresses the importance of
precedent and universal truths articulated by
sages of the past and emphasizes self-
improvement. The two major doctrines of
Confucianism are: 1) zhong, based on the
Chinese character that combines "heart” and
"middle," meaning fidelity to oneself and
humanity within; and 2) shu, meaning cherish
the heart as if it were one's owner.

8.  Confucianism is a social code based
on morality rather than laws. Confucius
said: “If you govern by regulations and
keep them in order by punishment, the
people will avoid trouble but have no
sense of shame. If you govern them by
moral influence, and keep them in
order by a code of manners, they will
have a sense of shame and will come
to you of their own accord."

9.  Confucius believed people should look to the past to gain insight
into how to behave and said virtuous men should follow the
examples of the great ancestors. The Analects outlined the four
basic concepts of Confucian thought:
1) benevolence, love of humanity and the virtues of the superior man
(jen);
2) moderation in all things (chung yung) and harmony with nature
(T'ien):
3) filial propriety, duty and the rules that define good social
relationships (li);
4) the "rectification of names" or recognizing the nature of things by
giving them their right names (cheng ming).

10. • Confucius' teachings of jen, yi, and li comprise the
most fundamental thought and principles in
Confucius' ethics. Jen has been translated as love,
benevolence, humanity, human heartedness, virtue,
perfect virtue, true manhood, and humaneness; it
also signifies the ideal relationship between people.

11. Confucianism and Families?
• Under Confucianism, the oldest male and the father
are regarded as the unchallengeable authorities. They
set rules, and the "duty and virtue" of everyone else is
to follow them. The oldest male and father, in turn, are
supposed to reciprocate this reverence by supporting
and looking out for the best interest of the people
subordinate to them. Love and respect are principals
that are practiced in the context of the family.
Confucians do not ascribe to the idea of loving all
people equally.

12. Confucian Beliefs about Social Relationships?
• Confucius was not interested in individual salvation or
individual rights. What he cared about most was the
collective well-being of society. He promoted virtues
such as courtesy, selflessness, obedience, respect,
diligence, communal obligation, working for a common
good, social harmony, and empathy. The code of behavior
he described was based on a system of harmonious,
subordinate relationships based on the notions of filial
piety, a well-ordered family, a well-ordered-state and a
well-ordered world.

13.  Confucians stress that a person's worth is determined by
public actions. The concept of li defines a set of social
relationships and clearly described how people are
supposed to behave towards one another. Fealty in
Confucian terms takes five forms:
1)subject to ruler,
2)son to father,
3)younger brother to older brother,
4)wife to husband (woman to man),
5)younger person to older person. Under the concept the li,
the dominate person receives respect and obedience from
the subordinate person but is by no means a dictator. He is
supposed to reciprocate with love, goodwill, support and
affection towards the subordinate person.

14. • The Confucian code of subordinate relationships
also extended to professions, with scholars at the
top; peasant farmers in the middle; and artisans
and merchants at the bottom. Confucian scholars
grew their fingernails long to show they didn't do
physical labor. Under Confucian leadership, crimes
were often dealt with by ostracism and humiliation
rather than physical punishment.

15. Ethical Teachings of
Taoism

16. WHAT IS ETHICAL TEACHINGS OF TAOISM?
• It disapproves of killing, stealing, lying and
promiscuity, and promotes altruistic, helpful and
kindly behavior. Taoists believe such good
behavior is an essential part not only of self-
improvement but of improving the world as a
whole. Cultivate the Tao within oneself; and
one's virtue will be perfected

17. • One of the main ideas of Taoism is the belief
in balancing forces, or yin and yang. These
ideas represent matching pairs, such as light
and dark, hot and cold, action and inaction,
which work together toward a universal
whole. Yin and yang show that everything in
the universe is connected and that nothing
makes sense by itself.

18. What is the moral code of Taoism?
• The Taoist ideal is for a person to take action by
changing themselves, and thus becoming an
example of the good life to others. They should
develop themselves so that they live their life in
complete harmony with the universe. So the
philosophy is not do good things; but become a
good person. Nov 12, 2009
https://www.bbc.co.uk › taoism › taoethics › ethics_1

19. Basic Morality?
• Harmony is the most important moral precept in Taoism. Taoism
teaches that the world is divine and human interference often
destroys the natural order. Consequently, Taoists to seek to
maintain natural harmony. Worldly forces such as darkness and
light balance each other out, and moral Taoists respect this
balance without tipping it any one way through their actions.
Taoism forbids actions that would violate this balance, such as
murder, lying and promiscuity. Similarly, Taoist morality
emphasizes self-control, and followers should avoid letting
their desires compel them toward action.

20. Moral Obligations?
• Lao Tzu taught that understanding the reality of
the Tao will naturally result in balance, self-
control, and virtuous conduct.

21. Influence?
• Although the Communist Revolution in China sought
to systematically dismantle Taoism and replace it with
a secular morality, Taoism survived and continued to
influence the moral beliefs of people both inside and
outside of China. Some of these beliefs have
implications for larger problems facing the world. For
example, the emphasis on harmony teaches
individuals to respect the environment and avoid
contaminating the natural balance of the world with
pollution.

22. What is Taoism in understanding the self?
• Taoism disavows a hierarchical view of the
self, society, or cosmos. Unlike Confucianism,
Taoism does not regard the self as an extension
of, and defined by, social relationships. Rather,
the self is but one of the countless
manifestations of the Tao. It is an extension of
the cosmos.

23. What are the 3 issues of Taoism?
• The important Taoist principles are inaction,
simplicity and living in harmony with nature.

24. What are Taoism not allowed to do?
• Taoism teaches that the world is divine and human
interference often destroys the natural order.
Consequently, Taoists to seek to maintain natural
harmony. … Taoism forbids actions that would
violate this balance, such as murder, lying and
promiscuity. Dec 12, 2021
https://lisbdnet.com › what-are-taoists-not-allowed-to-
do

26. Tao
1a : the unconditional and unknowable
source and guiding principle of all reality as
conceived by Taoists. b : the process of
nature by which all things change and which is
to be followed for a life of harmony. 2 often not
capitalized : the path of virtuous conduct as
conceived by Confucians.

27. Te
Is a key concept in Chinese philosophy, usually
translated "inherent character; inner power;
integrity" in Taoism, "moral character; virtue;
morality" in Confucianism and other contexts,
and "quality; virtue" (guna) or "merit; virtuous
deeds" (punya) in Chinese Buddhism.

28. Yin and yang? Symbols.
yang
Noun
active, male half of yin and hang; represents heat, light, and
dryness
yin
Noun
passive, female half of yin and yang; represents cold, dark, and
wetness
yin and yang
Noun
inseparable and contradictory elements; a concept found in
Taoism

29. Taijitu, the symbol for
yin and yang in Taoism.

30. non-action (or wu-wei)
Wu-wei, (Chinese: “nonaction”; literally, “no action”)
Wade-Giles romanization wu-wei, in Chinese
philosophy, and particularly among the 4th- and 3rd-
century-bce philosophers of early Daoism
(daojia), the practice of taking no action that is not
in accord with the natural course of the universe.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/wuwei-Chinese-
philosophy