2. • Socrates (469-399 BC)
• Plato (427-347 BC)
• Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Classical period
(500BC-500AD)
• Saint Augustine(354-
430 AD)
• Saint Thomas
Aquinas
(1225-1274 AD)
Medieval Period
(500AD-1500AD) • The birth of Human
Rights
• Birth of Globalization
Modern Period
(1500AD-Present)
3. Began in the society of Greece
Agrarian Monarchy transformed
into Industrial Democracy
Sophists, a group of itinerant
teachers, questioned to the
traditional system
4. • Father of Western Philosophy
• Knowledge is virtue
• Direct question asking for spreading
knowledge
Socrates
• Student of Socrates
• The Republic
• Theory of Idealistic EthicsPlato
• Theoretical and Practical Ethics
• Virtue lies between two extreme
Aristotle
5. Philosophy of Saint Augustine:
Plato’s philosophy is the basis of Christian Ethics
1. Life of reason leads to temporal well being
2. Faith leads to salvation and eternal happiness
Philosophy of Saint Aquinas:
Harmony between Aristotle and Christianity
Ethics has two dimension 1. Natural 2.Theological
6. Introduced by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
• Concern with good will
• Good Intention or good will is the main element
of ethics
• Basic moral action is Duty
• Categorical Imperative: Command without
Condition
7. Introduced by Jeremy Bentham
Modernized by John Stuart mill
• Greatest happiness principle is the foundation of
Morality
• Also called Utilitarianism or Hedonist Ethics
• Morality is those things which ensure maximum
happiness
