Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.
Retrofitting is the seismic strengthening of existing damaged or undamaged structures.
Retrofitting a building involves changing its systems or structure after its initial construction and occupation. This work can improve amenities for the building's occupants and improve the performance of the building
Retrofitting is the seismic strengthening of existing damaged or undamaged structures.
Retrofitting a building involves changing its systems or structure after its initial construction and occupation. This work can improve amenities for the building's occupants and improve the performance of the building
Design principles in prefabricated structures unit iii ce6016 pfsPrakash Kumar Sekar
CE6016 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES - Design principles in prefabricated structures unit iii ce6016 pfs - Disuniting of structures- Design of cross section based on the efficiency of material used – Problems in design because of joint flexibility ---- Allowance for joint deformation
Seismic Retrofitting of RC Buildingwith Jacketing and Shear Wall Seismic Ret...Bala murali
It is a part of retrofitting i.e. repair, renovation, strengthening.
Retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant.
Jacketing is the most popularly used method for strengthening of building columns.
Jacketing consists of added concrete with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement around the existing column.
It improves axial and shear strength of column and major strengthening of foundation may be avoided.
This presentation elucidates the seismic behaviour of beam-column joint and some methods to improve the resistance of beam-column joints to seismic loads to avoid disasters.
It contains details of retrofitting techniques and their application in various aspects in historical monuments. It would help to protect several heritage structures from the devastating effect of the earthquake. Some applications are also helpful too counter act the severe effect of the wind load. There are many historical heritages especially in India, are reopened to the public after being retrofitted and renovated.
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
Seismic retrofitting is a collection mitigation technique for earthquake engineering.
It is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquake.
It is of utmost important for historic monuments, areas prone to severe earthquakes and tall or
expensive structures.
The retrofitting techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes and severe winds from thunderstorms.
Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate shelter to problems
rather than replacement of building.
Design principles in prefabricated structures unit iii ce6016 pfsPrakash Kumar Sekar
CE6016 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES - Design principles in prefabricated structures unit iii ce6016 pfs - Disuniting of structures- Design of cross section based on the efficiency of material used – Problems in design because of joint flexibility ---- Allowance for joint deformation
Seismic Retrofitting of RC Buildingwith Jacketing and Shear Wall Seismic Ret...Bala murali
It is a part of retrofitting i.e. repair, renovation, strengthening.
Retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant.
Jacketing is the most popularly used method for strengthening of building columns.
Jacketing consists of added concrete with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement around the existing column.
It improves axial and shear strength of column and major strengthening of foundation may be avoided.
This presentation elucidates the seismic behaviour of beam-column joint and some methods to improve the resistance of beam-column joints to seismic loads to avoid disasters.
It contains details of retrofitting techniques and their application in various aspects in historical monuments. It would help to protect several heritage structures from the devastating effect of the earthquake. Some applications are also helpful too counter act the severe effect of the wind load. There are many historical heritages especially in India, are reopened to the public after being retrofitted and renovated.
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
Seismic retrofitting is a collection mitigation technique for earthquake engineering.
It is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquake.
It is of utmost important for historic monuments, areas prone to severe earthquakes and tall or
expensive structures.
The retrofitting techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes and severe winds from thunderstorms.
Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate shelter to problems
rather than replacement of building.
A technical approach to designing earthquake resistant buildings. Contains a brief overview of why a structure fails, building foundation problems and what are the possible solutions
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Earthquake creates great devastation in terms of life, money and failures
of structures
• Upgrading of certain building systems (existing structures) to make them
more resistant to seismic activity (earthquake resistance) is really of
more importance.
• Structures can be (a) Earthquake damaged, (b) Earthquake vulnerable
• Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate
shelter to problems rather than replacement of building.
3. RETROFITTING
IT IS THE MODIFICATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES TO MAKE THEM MORE RESISTANT TO
SEISMIC ACTIVITY, GROUND MOTION, OR SOIL FAILURE DUE TO EARTHQUAKES.
THE RETROFIT TECHNIQUES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS SUCH AS
TROPICAL CYCLONES, TORNADOES, AND SEVERE WINDS FROM THUNDERSTORMS.
4. NEED FOR SEISMIC RETROFITTING
• To ensure the safety and security of a building, employees,
structure functionality, machinery and inventory
• Essential to reduce hazard and losses from non-structural
elements.
• predominantly concerned with structural improvement to reduce
seismic hazard.
• Important buildings must be strengthened whose services are
assumed to be essential just after an earthquake like hospitals.
5. PROBLEMS FACED BY STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS AND BASIC CONCEPT OF
RETROFITTING
PROBLEMS
• Lack of standards for retrofitting methods
• Effectiveness of each methods varies a lot depending upon parameters like
type of structures, material condition, amount of damage etc.,
BASIC CONCEPT OF RETROFITTING
The aim is at:-
• Upgradation of lateral strength of the structure
• Increase in the ductility of the structure
• Increase in strength and lateral stiffness of a building.
6. CLASSIFICATION OF RETROFITTING
TECHNIQUES
RETROFITTING TECHNIQUES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO GROUPS
• GLOBAL RETROFITTING TECHNIQUES:- Global retrofit strategies aim to stiffen the building, by providing additional lateral load resisting elements, or to reduce the irregularities or mass. It includes
• Addiing Infill walls
• Additng Shear walls
• Adding Steel Bracing
• Reduction of irregularities
• Mass reduction
• Base Isolation
LOCAL RETROFITTING TECHNIQUES:- Local retrofit strategies include local strengthening of beams, columns, slabs, beam-to-column or slab-to-column joints, walls and foundations.
Local strengthening allows one or more under-strength elements or connections to resist the strength demands predicted by the analysis, without affecting the overall response of the structure. This scheme tends to be the most economical alternative when
only a few of the building’s elements are deficient.It includes:-
• Jacketing of beams
• Jacketing of columns
• Jacketing of Beam- Column joints
• Strengthning of isolated footings
7. ADDITION OF INFILL WALL
The infill wall is the supported wall that closes the perimeter of a building constructed with
a three-dimensional framework structure. Therefore, the structural frame ensures the
bearing function, whereas the infill wall serves to separate inner and outer space, filling up
the boxes of the outer frames. The infill wall has the unique static function to bear its own
weight. The infill wall is an external vertical opaque type of closure.
FEATURES:-
• Increases lateral stiffness of the building.
• Due to ‘Strut Action’ of the infill walls, the flexural and shear forces and ductility
demand on the ground story columns are substantially reduced.
• It doesnot increase the ductility of structure.
8. ADDITION OF SHEAR WALL
Shear wall is a structural member in a reinforced concrete
framed structure to resist lateral forces such as wind
forces. Shear walls are generally used in high-rise buildings
subject to lateral wind and seismic forces.It increases the
lateral strength, stiffness and ductility of the building
substantially.
9. ADDING STEEL BRACING
• An effective solution when large openings are required.
• Potential advantages due to higher strength and stiffness,
opening for natural light can be provided, amount of work is
less since foundation cost may be minimized and adds much
less weight to the existing structure.
10. REDUCTION OF IRREGULARITIES AND MASS
REDUCTION
• Torsional irregularities can be corrected by the addition of frames or
shear walls. Eccentric masses can be relocated. Seismic joints can be
created to transform an irregular building into multiple regular
structures. Partial demolition can also be an effective measure,
although this may have significant impact on the utility of the
building. Discontinuous components such as columns can be
extended beyond the zone of discontinuity. Walls or braces can
alleviate the deficiency of soft and weak storey
• Reduction of mass results in reduction of the lateral force demand,
and therefore, can be used in specific cases in lieu of structural
strengthening.
11. BASE ISOLATION
• This method is based on separating the structure and
foundation by introduction of low stiffness bearings or flexible
layer. This technique is effectively being used in various
structures in countries like USA, Japan, Italy etc.
• Useful for retrofitting important structures like hospitals,
important historic monuments etc.
• In India, after 26th jan 2001 Bhuj earthquake, the four “Bhuj
Hospital Building” was constructed using this technique.
• Introduction of such system provides Isolation in building and
chances of Toppling down are reduced.
12. JACKETING (LOCAL RETROFITTING
TECHNIQUE)
• Jacketing a Reinforced concrete member is done to enhance it's strength. This may be
necessary either in case of increase of load or to overcome deficiencies that may
develop over time.
• This is mostly done for compression members like columns in a building, piers and
abutments of bridges. The process is similar to wearing a jacket in extreme weather
conditions and hence the name.
• The old concrete surface is thoroughly cleared of loose material or Cement plaster if any
and cleaned properly. Reinforcement bars both vertical and horizontal are provided as
per design and concrete is poured.
• RCC jacketing can also be carried out for masonry members. Indian Railways have
extensively strengthened the century old bridges this way.
13. STRENGTHENING OF ISOLATED FOOTINGS
Generally, strengthening of the foundations might be needed due to the
alterations in serviceability of the buildings. One method of
strengthening can be carried out by constructing a concrete jacket to
the existing footings. Strengthening foundations by installing jackets can
be achieved either without increase in bearing area at the base or
increasing it, whenever the soil has inadequate bearing capacity.
14. CONCLUSION
• Seismic Retrofitting is a suitable technology for protection of a variety of structures.
• It has matured in the recent years to a highly reliable technology.
• But, the expertise needed is not available in the basic level.
• The main challenge is to achieve a desired performance level at a minimum cost,
which can be achieved through a detailed nonlinear analysis.
• Optimization techniques are needed to know the most efficient retrofit for a particular
structure.
• Proper Design Codes are needed to be published as code of practice for professionals
related to this field