Dental anatomy and morphology lecture

Dental anatomy
DT. Mo'ath Basheer
ORGANIZED BY:
DT. SARAH OMARI

Index
Content…
A. Dental anatomy….
1. Dental anatomy…. 5
2. Philosophy of the writer…. 8
3. Anterior teeth(Terminologies)…. 9
4. Anterior teeth…. 12
Upper central incisors…. 13
Upper lateral incisors…. 15
Upper canine…. 17
Lower central incisors…. 19
Lower lateral incisors…. 21
Lower canine… 23

5. Posterior teeth (Terminologies)…. 25
6. Posterior teeth…. 28
Upper first premolar…. 29
Upper second premolar…. 32
Upper first molar…. 35
Upper second molar…. 41
Lower first premolar…. 43
Lower second premolar…. 46
Lower first molar… 48
Lower second molar…. 54

B. The relationship between the teeth in each jaw…. 56
1. Contact point (upper jaw) …. 58
2. Contact point (lower jaw) …. 62
3. Angulation and Inclination (upper jaw) …. 66
4. Angulation and Inclination (lower jaw) …. 67
5. Conclusion …. 68
C. The relationship between the two jaws…. 69

1. Dental anatomy
Dental anatomy:
that branch of gross anatomy concerned with the morphology of teeth,
their location, position, and relationships.
Why we are studying dental anatomy?
To develop adequate skill to reproduce any part of the tooth, thus
maintaining the perfect correlation with the teeth, maintain the aesthetic
and function for teeth and relationship between the teeth.

We can divide the teeth into:
Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars
They are located in the
front part of the mouth and
have sharp and thin edges
for cutting.
Also call them canines.
canines are the sharp, pointed
teeth(it has a single cusp
instead of an incisal edge) that
sit next to the incisors and it's
the longest of all the teeth,
and people use them to tear
food.
Also call them premolars.
premolars are have two
cusps used for tearing and
cutting the food. The
premolars are so named
because they are anterior
to the molars.
Molars are located in the
back part of the mouth,
they are the largest and
strongest teeth and provide
a broad surface for
grinding and chewing the
food. it's usually has four
or five cusps.

Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars
2
UR
2
LR
2
LL
2
UL
1
UR
1
LR
1
LL
1
UL
2
UR
2
LR
2
LL
2
UL
3
UR
3
LR
3
LL
3
UL
UR: upper right. UL: upper left.
LR: lower right. LL: lower left.
The number of teeth in each jaw

2. Philosophy of the writer
- I mean, How I arranged this lecture?
- Before starting to study dental anatomy, you should know some
important Terminologies.
- To make things easier, I will divide the terminology into two parts, the
first part for the front teeth and the second part for the back teeth, noting
that there are common terms, I did not repeat them.

3. Anterior teeth(Terminologies)
1. Lobe:
Essential vertical convexities of the teeth that separated by developmental
grooves.
2. Developmental grooves:
Shallow depression between the convexities of the crown or root that
separate lobes, formed during the development.
3.Mamelons:
Small and rounded protrudes of enamel found on the incisal edges of the
young people. They are three which are mesial, middle and distal named
according to the position of the lobe. Mesial is the largest and middle is the
smallest.

4. Fossa:
Irregular depression or concavities, lingual/palatal fossa is a type found in the
anterior teeth that bordered by four elevations (which are Cingulum, incisal,
mesial and distal marginal ridges).
5. Marginal ridges :
Rounded elevation border (line) of enamel that forms the mesial and distal
margins of anterior and posterior teeth.
6. Cingulum:
A convexity located directly after the palatal/lingual fossa found in the
cervical third of anterior teeth.

7. Crest of curvature:
The height of contour or the maximum convexity on the facial or lingual
surfaces of the crown.
8. Cusp:
A sharp three dimensional structures respectively, it found on (canines,
premolars, molars).

4. Anterior teeth
Upper
central
incisors
Upper
lateral
incisors
Upper
canine
Lower
central
incisors
Lower
lateral
incisors
Lower
canine

Labial aspect
Labial aspect Labial aspect
Upper central incisors
Distal aspect Mesial aspect
Incisal aspect
Lingual aspect

Labial aspect:
Lobe
developmental grooves
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labial aspect
Lingual aspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingual aspect
D M M D
- The mesial incisal angle is
relatively sharp, the distal
incisal angle rounded.

Upper lateral incisors
Labial aspect
Labial aspect Labial aspect Distal aspect Mesial aspect
Incisal aspect
Lingual aspect

Labial aspect:
Lobe
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labial aspect
Lingual aspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingual aspect
- The mesioincisal angle more
rounded than central
- The distoincisal angle is
noticeably more rounded
than its central incisor
counterpart, and also more
rounded than its own
mesioincisal angle.
D M M D

Labial aspect
Labial aspect
Upper canine
Incisal aspect
Lingual aspect

Labial aspect:
Lobe
Slopes
Cusp tip
Labial aspect
Lingual aspect:
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingual Ridge
Lingual Fossa
Lingual aspect
The mesial slope shorter
than distal slope.
M D D M

Lower central incisors
Labial aspect
Labial aspect Labial aspect Lingual aspect Distal aspect Mesial aspect
Incisal aspect

Labial aspect:
Lobe
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labial aspect
Lingual aspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingual aspect
The mesioincisal angle
is quite sharp and the
distoincisal similarly
sharp.
D M M D

Lower lateral incisors
Labial aspect
Labial aspect Labial aspect Distal aspect Mesial aspect
Incisal aspect
Lingual aspect

Labial aspect:
Lobe
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labial aspect
Lingual aspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingual aspect
The mesioincisal angle is
sharp and the distoincisal
angle that is more
rounded. D M M D

Labial aspect
Labial aspect
Lower canine
Incisal aspect
Lingual aspect

5. Posterior teeth (Terminologies)
1. Marginal ridges:
Rounded elevation border (linear) of enamel that forms the mesial and distal
margins of anterior and posterior teeth.
2. Triangular ridge:
Present only on posteriors. This ridge descends from cusp tip up to the center
of the occlusal surface. It is named according to the cusp from which it forms
and located.
3. Triangular fossa:
Mesial and distal triangular fossae are situated next to mesial and distal
marginal ridges on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.

4. Transverse ridge:
Formed by connecting of buccal and lingual triangular ridges of posterior
tooth. Transverse ridges are present on the occlusal surface of premolars and
permanent mandibular molars.
5. Oblique ridge:
Formed in the maxillary first molar by union of triangular ridges of the
mesiopalatal and the distobuccal cusps, it crosses the occlusal surface
obliquely.
6. Fossa:
Irregular depression or concavities, lingual/palatal fossa is a type found in the
anterior teeth that bordered by four elevations (which are Cingulum, incisal,
mesial and distal marginal ridges).

7. Central fossa:
The central depression on the occlusal surface of maxillary and mandibular
posterior teeth.
8. Supplemental Groove:
A minor, auxiliary groove that branches off from a prominent developmental
groove and gives the occlusal surface a wrinkled appearance.
9. Pit:
A small point depressions located at the junction of developmental grooves. It
is a small defect in the enamel of the tooth.

6. Posterior teeth
Upper
first
premolar
Upper
second
premolar
Upper
first
molar
Upper
second
molar
Upper
third
molar
Lower
second
premolar
Lower
first
molar
Lower
second
molar
Lower
third
molar
Lower
first
premolar

Upper first premolar
Buccal aspect
Buccal aspect Distal aspect Mesial aspect
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

MBCR, mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
DBCR, distobuccal cusp ridge.
MLCR, mesiolingual cusp ridge.
DLCR, distolingual cusp ridge.
BTR, buccal triangular ridge.
LTR, lingual triangular ridge.
CG, central groove.
TLC, tip of lingual cusp.
TBC, tip of buccal cusp.
DTF, distal triangular fossa.
MTF, mesial triangular fossa.
DBDG, distobuccal developmental groove.
MBDG, mesiobuccal developmental groove.
MMDG, mesial marginal developmental groove.
MMR, mesial marginal ridge.
DMR, distal marginal ridge.
Occlusal aspect

Lobe.
Developmental grooves.
Slopes.
The distal slope shorter
than mesial slope.
M
D
Buccal aspect

Upper second premolar
Buccal aspect
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

TLC, tip of lingual cusp.
TBC, Tip of buccal cusp.
CG, central groove.
LTR, lingual triangular ridge.
Supplementary grooves.
Occlusal aspect

Lobe.
developmental grooves.
Slopes.
The distal slope shorter
than mesial slope.
M
D
Buccal aspect

Upper first molar
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

MMR, Mesial marginal ridge.
DMR, Distal marginal ridge.
OR, Oblique ridge.
TGOR, Transverse groove of the oblique ridge.
MTF, Mesial triangular fossa.
DTF, Distal triangular fossa.
MBCR, Mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
Carabilli cusp.
FCG, fifth cusp groove.
BDG, Buccal developmental groove.
CDG, Central developmental groove.
LDG, Lingual developmental groove.
MP, Mesial pit.
DP, Distal pit.
CDP, Central developmental pit.
DOG, Distal oblique groove.
Occlusal aspect
Mesiolingual cusp<Mesiobuccal cusp<distobuccal cusp<distolingual cusp

BDG, buccal developmental groove.
DBC, distobuccal cusp.
MBC, mesiobuccal cusp.
MLC, mesiolingual cusp.
Buccal aspect

Carabilli cusp.
LDG, lingual developmental groove.
DLC, distolingual cusp.
Lingual aspect

Carabilli cusp.
MCA, mesial contact area.
Mesial aspect

DCA, distal contact area.
Distal aspect

Upper second molar
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

DMR, Distal marginal ridge.
OR, Oblique ridge.
TGOR, Transverse groove of the oblique ridge.
MTF, Mesial triangular fossa.
DTF, Distal triangular fossa.
MBCR, Mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
CDG, Central developmental groove.
LDG, Lingual developmental groove.
MP, Mesial pit.
DP, Distal pit.
CDP, Central developmental pit.
DOG, Distal oblique groove.
Occlusal aspect
Mesiolingual cusp<Mesiobuccal cusp<distobuccal cusp<distolingual cusp

Lower first premolar
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

MLDG, mesiolingual developmental groove.
CDG, central developmental groove.
DBCR, distobuccal cusp ridge.
MP, Mesial pit.
Occlusal aspect

BC, Buccal cusp.
LC, lingual cusp.
MLDG, mesiolingual developmental groove.
Mesial aspect

Lower second premolar
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

MP, Mesial pit.
DP, Distal pit.
CP, Central pit.
DLTR, distolingual triangular ridge.
MLTR, mesiolingual triangular ridge.
CG, central groove.
Occlusal aspect

Lower first molar
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

DBCR, Distobuccal cusp ridge.
DCR, distal cusp ridge.
CP, Central pit.
MP, mesial pit.
DP, distal pit.
CDG, central developmental groove.
Occlusal aspect
mesiobuccal cusp is the biggest cusp.
distal cusp is the smallest cusp.

MBDG, Mesiobuccal developmental groove.
DC, distal cusp.
Buccal aspect

DLC, Distolingual cusp.
Lingual aspect

Mesial aspect

DC, distal cusp.
DCA, distal contact area.
Distal aspect

Lower second molar
Occlusal aspect
Lingual aspect

DBCR, Distobuccal cusp ridge.
CP, Central pit.
MP, mesial pit.
DP, distal pit.
Occlusal aspect

B. The relationship between the
teeth in each jaw

In this section, we will talk about:
1. the contact point between the teeth in the jaws.
2. The position of the teeth in each jaw.
1. Contact point:
Two adjacent teeth of the same arch are in contact in a point for proper
alignment in the jaw. Normally located in anteriors as the contact is narrower
as in case of posteriors.
2. Contact area:
Two adjacent teeth of the same arch are in contact in an area for proper
alignment in the jaw. Normally located in posteriors as the contact is broader
unlike anteriors where contact is point or a smaller area.

1. Contact point (upper jaw)
Upper central incisor:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point to be in the incisal third of the crowns.
Distal:
Contact point is approximately at the junction of the middle
and incisal thirds of the teeth.
Upper lateral incisor:
Contact point:
Distal:
The contact point is in the middle third of the crowns.

Upper canine:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point is nearly at the junction of their incisal and middle
thirds.
Distal:
The contact point is located in the middle third of the crowns.
Upper first premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point is at the junction of the occlusal and middle
thirds of the crowns.
Distal:
Is at in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.

Upper second premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Distal:
Upper first molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Distal:
Contact point to be located at about the junction of the
occlusal and middle thirds.

Upper second molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point to be located at about the
junction of the occlusal and middle thirds.

2. Contact point (lower jaw)
Lower central and lateral incisors:
Contact point:
Mesial + Distal:
The contact point are uniform and occur at the incisal third of
the tooth crowns.
Lower canine:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point is at the incisal third of the tooth crowns.
Distal:
Contact point is at in the middle thirds of the crowns.

Lower first premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial + Distal:
They are located in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.
Lower second premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial + Distal:

Lower first molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Distal:
Is located near the junction of the middle and occlusal
thirds of the tooth crowns.
Lower second molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Distal:

The position of the teeth in each jaw
(Angulation and Inclination)
Angulation
Inclination
Upper jaw

The position of the teeth in each jaw
(Angulation and Inclination)
Angulation
Inclination
Lower jaw

After your study of the contact points and the position of the teeth in each
jaw, we can conclude two important concepts:
1. Curve of Spee:
The curvature which begins at the tip of
canines & follows buccal cusp tips of
premolars & molars posteriorly, when
viewed from their facial aspect.
2. CURVE OF WILSON:
A curve that contacts the buccal and
lingual cusp tips of the mandibular buccal
teeth It is mediolateral on each side of the arch.
5. Conclusion

C. The relationship between the two jaws
1. Centric occlusion:
When the upper and lower teeth are in the Maximum intercuspation.
2. Centric relation:
The relation between the upper and lower jaws when the teeth are in
centric occlusion.

4. Overbite:
(Vertical overlap)
Upper anterior teeth cover 1/3 - 1/2 the
crowns of lower anterior teeth.
5. Overjet:
(Horizontal overlap)
Upper anterior teeth away 1-2 mm from the
incisal edge lower teeth.

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