DHIKI is our very own manual grinder. It is used to grind paddy, rice, dry chilies and etc. DHIKI is made up of wood and works like lever but instead used for grinding. It is used mostly in rural areas of Nepal, India etc. This PowerPoint contains Introduction, Background, Evaluation of the Case (Your opinion as a Design Engineer), Proposed Solution / Changes and References.

1. UNIVERSITYEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERINGKATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITYKATH
MACHINE ELEMENT DESIGN & PROCESSES II (MEEG 318)
CASE STUDY ON DHIKI
Submitted By:
Kshitiz Koirala
ME II(Energy)
32135
3rd year/2nd semester
Submitted to:
Ranjit Shrestha
DOME

2. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
DHIKI is our very own manual grinder. It is used to grind paddy, rice, dry chilies and etc. Mostly it
is used to make powder goods from dry grains or plants. There is a defined area for "DHIKI" in a
house usually in the backyard. The area is first cleaned to grind and requires two people. It is a very
slow process and requires enormous amount of energy and effort.
Classification Simple Machine
Industry Substantial
Weight Approx. 6.8 Kg
Components Wood, Stone, Metal
Inventor old nepalese people
Invented About 1 century ago

3. "DHIKI" is made up of wood and works like lever but instead used for grinding. The framework
consists of fulcrum having two pillars on each side, an effort area (where one of the person stands
on the long thick plank of wood making effort at every interval), a long and thick plank of
horizontal wood which has a small vertical extension that goes into a hole made on ground. It is
in this hole that the grains or dry chilies are kept to transform them into powder. The other person
usually sits at this area to keep grains in the hole in coordination with the effort applied on the
other side. They are very well be cautious and communicating as a wrong movement especially in
the side of the person keeping grains can cause an accident of grinding their own
Fig : Traditional Dhiki in Nepal

4. EVALUATION OF THE CASE
1) Rating
According to the period.
Dhiki was one of the most traditional equipment used for
grinding. It is believed that its use started around a century
ago in Nepal. At that period, though industrialization had
already been started in other countries Nepal was still very
backwards in the field of innovation un. Farming was the
main occupation and people were unknown about outside
world and their achievement in the field of machinery.
So I would like to rate 5 out of 10 to Dhiki as a design
engineer cause at that time period other countries were using
machines for grinding but Nepal wasn’t. But the reason to
rate it 5 is that it was very beneficial for Nepalese people
and still is it is in use in some remote places of Nepal. Fig : Traditional Dhiki in Nepal

5. 2) Periodic changes in the field of grinding after Dhiki
a) Jato (Grinder)
Jato (Devanagari:ज ाँतो) is a type of rotary hand quern or grinder in the
Himalayan region of Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling and Bhutan. It is a
traditional tool to grind grains. It consists of two round stones (disc)
of which the bottom part is attached to the ground or the floor in the
house, attached disc or lower disc are immovable and has a big nail or
wood (mani or bell) in the center to keep the top stone in place while
grinding. The top part however has two holes in it, one in the middle
to insert grains and the other on the side to place a wooden handle
(hato) for grinding. The grains are grind using a circular motion with
the help of the handle and the person has to be sitting down to do the
task.
b) Pani Ghatta
Water mill is one of the clean and appropriate technology for grinding
at local level. The most of part of Nepal still remains far from electric
grid connection and pani ghatta are still is use there.
The water from head of 20m or above is brought in open or closed
conduit. Traditionally wooden blades are used as turbine on which
water jets are strike upon, jets rotates the bigger wheel mounted on
smaller wheel. There is continues feed of grains in between grinds
into finer particles which comes out in powdered form due to the
rotating power of turbine.
Fig : Traditional Jato in Nepal
Fig : Traditional Pani Ghatta in Nepal

6. c) Rice Milling
A rice milling system can be a simple one or two step process,
or a multi stage process. In a one step milling process, husk and
bran removal are done in one pass and milled or white rice is
produced directly out of paddy. In a two step process, removing
husk and removing bran are done separately, and rice is
produced as an intermediate product. And finally when husk is
separated the rice was beaten to powdered form.
d) Modern Mixtures
A mixer grinder is one of the must-haves of every modern
kitchen. Whether it is mixing, beating, blending, and whipping,
an advanced mixer grinder serves all of these. They are
operated by a motor which is powered by electricity. On the
tip of motor sharp blades are placed which are used for
grinding. They are operated automatically and are more
efficient comparing to the ancient grinding equipment's.
Fig : Rice Milling in Nepal
Fig : Modern Mixtures in Nepal

7. MODERN DAY MIXER GRINDERS VS. TRADITIONAL DHIKI
MODERN GRINDERS DHIKI
The modern day mixer grinders have the
custom-built design, which does not require
any manual intervention.
Dhiki was manually operated by applying
force generated through leg.
More quantity can be grinded at a time
comparing to Dhiki.
Less quantity is grinded at a time comparing to
Modern grinders.
Same mixture could be used for mixing
grinding whipping.
Dhiki could be used only for grinding
Easy to use with less effort applied. Required two people to operate and more
effort needed to be applied.
Output is more refined comparing to Dhiki. Output is less refined comparing to modern
mixtures.
Modern grinders have less lifetime comparing
to Dhiki.
Dhiki could be used until the wood gets
broken which is also rare.

8. SOME INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN DHIKI
Fig : Water pumped Dhiki
Water operated Dhiki
A Dhiki was created which was operated by the force of water instead of force generated manually.
Though its grinding time was more compared to manual grinding but no human load was required for
grinding. So it was quite an achievement at that period. Here, when the bucket is filled with water then
the bucket spills down all the water cause it wont be able to bear the load of bucket full of water. Then
the seesaw again moves up when bucket is water free and the process continues.

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REFERENCES