This document presents a study on the effects of blast loading on a six-story reinforced concrete building. The blast load from an explosion of 100kg of TNT at a distance of 30m from the building is analytically determined as a pressure-time history. Key blast parameters such as peak overpressure, dynamic pressure, and positive impulse are calculated based on established formulas. The numerical model of the building is then created in SAP2000 software and analyzed to determine the influence of blast loading on the structure in terms of peak displacements, velocities, accelerations, and inter-story drift. The goal is to better understand how to strengthen structures to resist blast loads from explosions.
This document discusses rocket propulsion and the principles behind how it works. It explains that rockets operate based on Newton's third law of reaction, where propellants combust to produce hot gases that are ejected through a nozzle, imparting momentum to the engine and providing thrust. The thrust is a result of pressure differences between the combustion chamber and surrounding atmosphere. Conservation of momentum is also key, where the rocket gains momentum in the direction of travel as the exhaust gases are ejected in the opposite direction. A mathematical derivation shows that the rocket's velocity increases as its mass decreases due to fuel consumption and ejection of exhaust gases.
This document discusses different types of pendulums, including their definitions, components, and equations. It begins by defining a simple pendulum as a weight suspended from a pivot that swings freely due to gravity. It then lists various pendulum types: simple, compound, Kater's, Foucault, and torsional. For each type, it provides details on components and equations for period and acceleration due to gravity. The key equations shown are the period equation T=2π√(L/g) for a simple pendulum and T=2π(I/mgh)^1/2 for the period of a compound pendulum, where I is the moment of inertia.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
This document discusses fluid-induced vibration (FIV) in heat exchangers. It covers topics like vortex shedding, synchronization, critical velocity, fluid-elastic instability, and vibration damage patterns. The key points are:
- Vortex shedding from cylindrical structures can cause fluid excitation forces at the shedding frequency, and fluid-structure coupling forces if that frequency matches structural natural frequencies.
- There is a critical cross-flow velocity at which fluid-elastic instability occurs, causing rapid increases in vibration amplitude.
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1. The document describes numerical methods for simulating strong free surface flows and wave breaking, including the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method.
2. Results are presented from simulations of breaking waves under different wind conditions, showing the generation of vortices and effect of wind speed on wave breaking.
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A floating tow body which can be towed at a speed range of 2-6 knots with a pay load of 50 kg is designed and tested as part of the development of a Buried Object Location Sonar (BOLS) for shallow water imaging application. In this paper the results of extensive towing tank measurements of a floating tow body with the diamond and a cross shaped bow are presented and compared. A cross shaped bow with a stream lined body shape is adopted for the floating tow body for minimizing the drag as well as the turbulence during the tow. Both the bow shape as well as the dimensions of the body is optimized based on the towing tank experimental results so that the body can be towed smoothly with minimum turbulence to avoid acoustic noise generation during the SONAR tests. An iterative experimental procedure is carried out in finalizing the dimensions and the shape of the tow body.
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Computation of blast loading for a multi storeyed framed buildingeSAT Journals
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The number and intensity of domestic and international terrorist activities have heightened our concerns towards the safety of our infrastructure systems. Due to different accidental or intentional events, related to important structures all over the world, explosive loads or blast loads have received considerable attention in recent years. The development in this field is made mostly through publication of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency. In India also, the guidelines for the blast loading are published in IS 4991. In the present study, blast pressures for different weights of surface blast or TNT and varying stand-off distances are computed for a multi-storeyed framed building adopting wave scaling laws given by U.S Army technical manual (UFC3-340-02). Blast pressures for different cases are computed using correlation between blast pressure and blast scaled distance based on charts given in U.S manual. Time history loading is also obtained with parameters of reflected total over pressure and duration of positive phase of blast.
Keywords: blast loading, blast wave, scaled distance, blast pressure.
This document discusses rocket propulsion and the principles behind how it works. It explains that rockets operate based on Newton's third law of reaction, where propellants combust to produce hot gases that are ejected through a nozzle, imparting momentum to the engine and providing thrust. The thrust is a result of pressure differences between the combustion chamber and surrounding atmosphere. Conservation of momentum is also key, where the rocket gains momentum in the direction of travel as the exhaust gases are ejected in the opposite direction. A mathematical derivation shows that the rocket's velocity increases as its mass decreases due to fuel consumption and ejection of exhaust gases.
This document discusses different types of pendulums, including their definitions, components, and equations. It begins by defining a simple pendulum as a weight suspended from a pivot that swings freely due to gravity. It then lists various pendulum types: simple, compound, Kater's, Foucault, and torsional. For each type, it provides details on components and equations for period and acceleration due to gravity. The key equations shown are the period equation T=2π√(L/g) for a simple pendulum and T=2π(I/mgh)^1/2 for the period of a compound pendulum, where I is the moment of inertia.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
This document discusses fluid-induced vibration (FIV) in heat exchangers. It covers topics like vortex shedding, synchronization, critical velocity, fluid-elastic instability, and vibration damage patterns. The key points are:
- Vortex shedding from cylindrical structures can cause fluid excitation forces at the shedding frequency, and fluid-structure coupling forces if that frequency matches structural natural frequencies.
- There is a critical cross-flow velocity at which fluid-elastic instability occurs, causing rapid increases in vibration amplitude.
- Vibration damage in heat exchangers can include tube collisions, baffle damage, tube sheet effects, and acoustic resonance failures.
Numerical Study of Strong Free Surface Flow and Wave BreakingYi Liu
1. The document describes numerical methods for simulating strong free surface flows and wave breaking, including the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method.
2. Results are presented from simulations of breaking waves under different wind conditions, showing the generation of vortices and effect of wind speed on wave breaking.
3. Future research topics discussed include studying wave breaking mechanisms under different conditions, the interaction of wind turbulence and breaking waves, and multi-scale simulations of wind-wave-structure interaction using immersed boundary methods.
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Abstract
A floating tow body which can be towed at a speed range of 2-6 knots with a pay load of 50 kg is designed and tested as part of the development of a Buried Object Location Sonar (BOLS) for shallow water imaging application. In this paper the results of extensive towing tank measurements of a floating tow body with the diamond and a cross shaped bow are presented and compared. A cross shaped bow with a stream lined body shape is adopted for the floating tow body for minimizing the drag as well as the turbulence during the tow. Both the bow shape as well as the dimensions of the body is optimized based on the towing tank experimental results so that the body can be towed smoothly with minimum turbulence to avoid acoustic noise generation during the SONAR tests. An iterative experimental procedure is carried out in finalizing the dimensions and the shape of the tow body.
Keywords: Floating tow body, bow shape, towing test.
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Abstract
The number and intensity of domestic and international terrorist activities have heightened our concerns towards the safety of our infrastructure systems. Due to different accidental or intentional events, related to important structures all over the world, explosive loads or blast loads have received considerable attention in recent years. The development in this field is made mostly through publication of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency. In India also, the guidelines for the blast loading are published in IS 4991. In the present study, blast pressures for different weights of surface blast or TNT and varying stand-off distances are computed for a multi-storeyed framed building adopting wave scaling laws given by U.S Army technical manual (UFC3-340-02). Blast pressures for different cases are computed using correlation between blast pressure and blast scaled distance based on charts given in U.S manual. Time history loading is also obtained with parameters of reflected total over pressure and duration of positive phase of blast.
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A Review on Blast Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Viaduct Pier StructuresIRJET Journal
The document discusses blast analysis of reinforced concrete viaduct pier structures. It begins with an introduction discussing the increasing population leading to more infrastructure development like bridges and viaducts using reinforced concrete piers. It then discusses how explosions can occur near these piers from accidents or terrorism, potentially causing structural failure and casualties. The document reviews explosion types, how blast loads are predicted and modeled, literature on analyzing reinforced concrete structures under blast loading, and methods to improve blast resistance of structures.
IRJET-Effect of Surface Blast Load on the RC StructuresIRJET Journal
The document discusses the effects of surface blast loads on reinforced concrete structures, outlining methods to calculate blast loads from different amounts of TNT at varying standoff distances and analyzing the storey displacement and drift of models with and without bracing under these loads. The addition of bracing is found to significantly reduce storey displacement and drift to within code allowances, making it an effective but costly method of improving blast resistance in reinforced concrete buildings.
IRJET- The State of the Art on Analytical Investigation of RCC Viaduct Pi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses analytical investigation of reinforced concrete viaduct pier structures due to air blast loads from explosions. It begins with an introduction to transportation infrastructure like bridges, flyovers and metros that use piers. It then discusses explosion phenomena like deflagration and detonation that generate blast waves. It covers blast loading characteristics like peak pressure, impulse, scaling laws and methods for calculating blast loads. The document aims to understand blast loads to inform the design of pier structures to withstand explosions and reduce casualties.
1) The document studies blast wave parameters over the facade of high-rise buildings using the US Army Technical Manual 5-1300. It analyzes incident and reflected pressures, arrival time, and positive phase time duration over a 13-story reinforced concrete building for different TNT charge weights (1000kg and 4000kg) and distances (10m and 40m).
2) Graphs show that for lower charge weights and distances, pressure variation is less over upper floors but more over lower floors. For high charge weights and shorter distances, pressure variation is more uniform but magnitude depends on charge weight and distance.
3) For longer distances, pressure is nearly uniform regardless of charge weight because distance is the predominant factor over angle
As we know that in today’s world terrorists’ attacks are common and not a single country is completely safe. High-explosive detonations propagate blast energy in all directions, causing extensive damage to both the target structure and nearby buildings. Structural damage and the glass exposure have been major contributors to death and injury for the targeted buildings. If the structures are properly designed for these abnormal loads damage can be controlled. Within the Indian Standard Codes these types of situations are not dealt with and they need further explanation as the engineers have no guidelines on how to design or evaluate structures for the blast phenomenon for which a detailed understanding of structural behavior as well as effects of different kinds of blast load is required. The calculation of blast load is studied in this report using various parameters.
IRJET- Response of a Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Structure with and w...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the response of a rectangular reinforced concrete structure with and without shear walls under blast loads. Finite element models of a building frame with and without shear walls were created in SAP2000 software and subjected to blast loads. Parameters like displacement, member forces, and story drift were compared between the bare frame model and frame-shear wall model. The results showed that integrating shear walls improved the structure's performance under blast loads by reducing displacements and member forces.
This document discusses blast loading on structures from explosions. It provides an overview of how to determine blast load as a pressure-time history and analytically model the load in structural analysis software. It presents the key parameters for characterizing explosions, including TNT equivalency, scaled distance, peak overpressure, and duration. It also describes how the explosion wave interacts with structures and the ground, including pressure magnification. The document then demonstrates modeling a fictional structure subjected to blast loading in SAP2000 software to preliminarily assess the structure's response.
This document discusses blast load analysis and design of blast resistant structures. It begins by outlining the need for blast resistant design due to increasing terrorist attacks. It then defines what a blast is and describes the blast wave pressure time history. Different types of blast resistant structures are discussed. Empirical relationships are provided for calculating reflected blast pressures. The document provides examples of calculating the impulse of a blast load on a building and using it to determine base shear and moment. Plots of reflected pressure versus time are given for different charge weights and standoff distances. The scope of work for designing a G+6 storey building considering blast loads is also summarized.
IRJET-The Study of Effect of Blast Load on Multi-Storey Building by using Tim...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of blast loads on multi-storey buildings using time history analysis. A G+4 storey reinforced concrete building is subjected to blast loads from charges weighing 100, 300, and 500kg placed at standoff distances of 30, 40, and 50m. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out using ETABS 2016 software. The response of the structure is examined in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, storey drift, beam forces, column forces, and storey displacement. The results show that when the blast source is closer and the charge weight is higher, the building response is more critical.
This document discusses analyzing the response of a reinforced concrete building to blast loads. The building was modeled in Inventor and analyzed in Altair and Staad Pro. Transient structural analysis was used to simulate the effects of uniform blast pressure loads at different standoff distances. The objectives were to study deformation of the structure under positive and negative blast phases and compare effects of blast pressure at 5m and 6m standoffs. A 3-story commercial building was modeled and analyzed, with blast assumed from the front corner at 5m and 6m distances.
IRJET- Effects of Different Reinforcement Schemes and Column Shapes on the Re...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a numerical study that investigated the effects of different reinforcement schemes and column shapes on the blast resistance of reinforced concrete columns. The study used finite element analysis to model RC columns with varying transverse reinforcement spacing, axial load levels, column shapes, and longitudinal reinforcement arrangements. The results showed that transverse reinforcement spacing, axial loading, and column shape significantly affected the behavior of RC columns under blast loading, with more closely spaced transverse reinforcement and circular columns displaying higher blast resistance. The longitudinal reinforcement arrangement also influenced column response to blast loading at low scaled distances. The study aims to improve understanding of RC column behavior under blast loading to inform more blast-resistant design.
Analysis of blast loading effect on high rise buildingsAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the effect of blast loading on high-rise buildings. It describes modeling a 30-story reinforced concrete building in SAP2000 and subjecting it to blast loads from charges of 800 and 1600 pounds of TNT at distances of 5 and 10 meters. The results show that as the standoff distance increases, inter-story drift decreases, and as the explosive weight increases, inter-story drift increases. The maximum inter-story drift of 16.5 mm occurred for an irregular frame model with a charge weight of 1600 pounds at a distance of 5 meters.
Analysis of blast loading effect on high rise buildingsAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the effects of blast loading on high-rise buildings. It describes modeling a 30-story reinforced concrete building in SAP2000 and subjecting it to blast loads from charges of 800 and 1600 pounds of TNT at distances of 5 and 10 meters. The results show maximum inter-story drift occurs on the first story due to its proximity to the blast. Regular infill frames performed best by exhibiting the lowest drift values, while irregular frames performed worst. Increasing standoff distance and decreasing charge weight both reduced structural response based on inter-story drift values.
This document discusses architectural and structural design techniques for blast resistant buildings. It begins by introducing high explosives and explosion types. Then it describes the explosion process and different types of explosions. On the architectural side, it discusses planning and layout, structural form, internal layout, bomb shelter areas, glazing, and cladding to minimize blast impacts. Structurally, it explains how blast loads affect buildings and the need for ductile and robust beam-column connections to avoid collapse under dynamic loads from explosions. The goal is to provide guidance on mitigating explosion effects to protect human life and building integrity.
“Comparative Analysis of Blast Load on Multi Storey R.C.C. Building at Differ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the effects of blast loads on multi-story reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings using computer modeling. 32 different blast load cases are modeled using ETABS software, varying the standoff distance (20m and 30m), TNT charge weight (50-300kg), and location of the blast (external walls and internal columns). The response of the building models under blast loading is examined through time history analysis, evaluating story displacement, drift, and shear. The goal is to better understand how RCC buildings respond structurally to blast loads at different locations and intensities.
This document discusses wind effects on buildings and outlines an experimental study. It introduces the different types of loads on buildings including dead, imposed, and environmental loads like wind. An experiment is described that models a low gable building with an overhang and free standing wall to study wind pressure variations. Pressure coefficients are calculated and graphs show the mean and maximum pressure coefficients at different zones of the building model's upper and lower surfaces. The conclusions indicate the location of maximum upward pressure on the overhang in the presence of the free standing wall.
1) The document evaluates ANSYS/AUTODYN's capabilities for simulating air blast pressures from TNT explosions.
2) Two cases are examined where AUTODYN results are compared to analytical equations and the CONWEP program.
3) In both cases, AUTODYN results converge closely to the analytical solutions and CONWEP results as the mesh is refined, validating AUTODYN as an accurate simulator of air blast pressures from explosions.
Dynamic failure of composite and sandwich structuresSpringer
This document discusses experiments conducted on sandwich composite materials and composite tubes subjected to air and underwater blast loading. Explosive charges ranging from 0.64-100 kg of TNT were used. High-speed photography and digital image correlation were used to monitor deformation during air blasts, while strain gauges monitored response during underwater blasts. Different failure mechanisms like core crushing, skin cracking, and delamination were observed depending on whether the blast was in air or underwater. The results provide data to develop analytical and computational models of blast loading on composite structures.
Dynamic Response and Failure Analysis of INTZE Storage Tanks under External B...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic response and failure of elevated INTZE storage tanks under external blast loading. It describes modeling INTZE tanks in SAP2000 software and applying blast loads to study displacements, reactions, stresses over time. Frame and shaft footed tanks of varying heights were analyzed both empty and full. Results show shaft footed tanks resist blast loads better due to more mass concrete. Displacements increase with frame tank height but decrease for shaft tanks. Stresses also increase with height for both, but are lower for shaft tanks. Failure analysis indicates pillars and connections initially fail from stress concentrations. The conclusion is shaft footed tanks with maximum height best resist blast loads.
IRJET- Behaviour of Shallow Foundation for Blast Load on Multi-Story Building...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of shallow foundations for a multi-story building frame subjected to blast loading. A finite element model was created using ABAQUS to model the soil, foundation, and building frame. Blast loads of 0.1 tonnes of TNT were applied at distances of 20m and 30m from the structure. The maximum principal stress, shear stress, and deflections were analyzed at four nodes: at the soil-foundation and column-foundation interfaces on both the front and back sides of the structure. Stresses were highest at the front interfaces for both the 20m and 30m blast scenarios. The study provides insight into how blast loads affect soil-structure interaction and the stresses induced at critical
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document discusses analytical investigation of reinforced concrete viaduct pier structures due to air blast loads from explosions. It begins with an introduction to transportation infrastructure like bridges, flyovers and metros that use piers. It then discusses explosion phenomena like deflagration and detonation that generate blast waves. It covers blast loading characteristics like peak pressure, impulse, scaling laws and methods for calculating blast loads. The document aims to understand blast loads to inform the design of pier structures to withstand explosions and reduce casualties.
1) The document studies blast wave parameters over the facade of high-rise buildings using the US Army Technical Manual 5-1300. It analyzes incident and reflected pressures, arrival time, and positive phase time duration over a 13-story reinforced concrete building for different TNT charge weights (1000kg and 4000kg) and distances (10m and 40m).
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As we know that in today’s world terrorists’ attacks are common and not a single country is completely safe. High-explosive detonations propagate blast energy in all directions, causing extensive damage to both the target structure and nearby buildings. Structural damage and the glass exposure have been major contributors to death and injury for the targeted buildings. If the structures are properly designed for these abnormal loads damage can be controlled. Within the Indian Standard Codes these types of situations are not dealt with and they need further explanation as the engineers have no guidelines on how to design or evaluate structures for the blast phenomenon for which a detailed understanding of structural behavior as well as effects of different kinds of blast load is required. The calculation of blast load is studied in this report using various parameters.
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This document discusses blast loading on structures from explosions. It provides an overview of how to determine blast load as a pressure-time history and analytically model the load in structural analysis software. It presents the key parameters for characterizing explosions, including TNT equivalency, scaled distance, peak overpressure, and duration. It also describes how the explosion wave interacts with structures and the ground, including pressure magnification. The document then demonstrates modeling a fictional structure subjected to blast loading in SAP2000 software to preliminarily assess the structure's response.
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This document analyzes the effect of blast loading on high-rise buildings. It describes modeling a 30-story reinforced concrete building in SAP2000 and subjecting it to blast loads from charges of 800 and 1600 pounds of TNT at distances of 5 and 10 meters. The results show that as the standoff distance increases, inter-story drift decreases, and as the explosive weight increases, inter-story drift increases. The maximum inter-story drift of 16.5 mm occurred for an irregular frame model with a charge weight of 1600 pounds at a distance of 5 meters.
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This document analyzes the effects of blast loading on high-rise buildings. It describes modeling a 30-story reinforced concrete building in SAP2000 and subjecting it to blast loads from charges of 800 and 1600 pounds of TNT at distances of 5 and 10 meters. The results show maximum inter-story drift occurs on the first story due to its proximity to the blast. Regular infill frames performed best by exhibiting the lowest drift values, while irregular frames performed worst. Increasing standoff distance and decreasing charge weight both reduced structural response based on inter-story drift values.
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1) The document evaluates ANSYS/AUTODYN's capabilities for simulating air blast pressures from TNT explosions.
2) Two cases are examined where AUTODYN results are compared to analytical equations and the CONWEP program.
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This document discusses experiments conducted on sandwich composite materials and composite tubes subjected to air and underwater blast loading. Explosive charges ranging from 0.64-100 kg of TNT were used. High-speed photography and digital image correlation were used to monitor deformation during air blasts, while strain gauges monitored response during underwater blasts. Different failure mechanisms like core crushing, skin cracking, and delamination were observed depending on whether the blast was in air or underwater. The results provide data to develop analytical and computational models of blast loading on composite structures.
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This document analyzes the dynamic response and failure of elevated INTZE storage tanks under external blast loading. It describes modeling INTZE tanks in SAP2000 software and applying blast loads to study displacements, reactions, stresses over time. Frame and shaft footed tanks of varying heights were analyzed both empty and full. Results show shaft footed tanks resist blast loads better due to more mass concrete. Displacements increase with frame tank height but decrease for shaft tanks. Stresses also increase with height for both, but are lower for shaft tanks. Failure analysis indicates pillars and connections initially fail from stress concentrations. The conclusion is shaft footed tanks with maximum height best resist blast loads.
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3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia