Alyssacypher.2.1.9
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The document summarizes key parts of the brain and their functions. It discusses the four major cerebral lobes - occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. It also describes structures like the corpus callosum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and areas involved in language like Broca's area and Wernicke's area. The document provides information on various regions of the forebrain, hindbrain, and structures like the reticular activating system.
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In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Muscular action allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment.
The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself can cause reflex responses as well as simple movement such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behaviour requires a centralized brain.
The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
At the same time, during the course of evolution, the vertebrate brain has undergone changes, and become more effective.
In so-called 'lower' animals, most or all of the brain structure is inherited, and therefore their behaviour is mostly instinctive.
In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
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The brain is a kind of department store. It has, all inter-connected, departments which do different things. They all help each other gather senses.
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Neurological disorders
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, including:
- The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is divided into lobes that control motor skills, language, sensory perception, and more.
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body. It is composed of cranial and spinal nerves.
- The autonomic nervous system (ANS) coordinates involuntary functions like breathing and digestion.
- Damage to different parts of the brain and spinal cord can result in various neurological disorders affecting functions like movement, speech, senses.
Brainread
The document discusses the structure and function of the brain. It describes how the brain is made up of different parts like the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and different lobes that each have specialized functions. It explains how neuroscience technologies like MRI, PET scans, and EEG have helped researchers understand how the brain works and how activity changes with tasks like auditory, visual, motor, and memory processing.
Cns 17
This document discusses the anatomy and functions of the human brain. It describes key regions like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. It discusses the structure of gray and white matter, as well as specialized areas within the cerebral cortex involved in motor control, sensory processing, language, and more. Injury mechanisms to different brain lobes are also outlined.
INTRODUCTION TO NEURO NURSING
The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord. It discusses the lobes of the cerebrum and their functions. It also describes the peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, neurons, neuroglia cells, neurotransmitters, and the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
Neuropsychology
The document discusses the nervous system and brain. It describes how neurons function using neurotransmitters and how the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It then outlines the main parts and lobes of the brain, describing the functions of structures like the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. It also discusses methods used to study the brain like lesions, imaging techniques, and genetics.
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Alyssacypher.2.1.9
- 1. Constructing a Brain Model - Lesson 2.1.9 Alyssa Cypher A.P. Psychology S684006 16 October 2008
- 3. The Cerebral Lobes Temporal Frontal Parietal Occipital
- 4. The Cerebral Lobes Associated with vision and visual processing. Occipital Lobe Associated with hearing, auditory processing, memory, and speech. Temporal Lobe Associated with touch and sensation. Integrates sensory input. Contains Sensory-Motor Strip. Parietal Lobe The largest cerebral lobe. Involved in movement, planning, and judgment. Contains the Motor Strip. Frontal Lobe Description Structure
- 5. The Motor and Sensory-Motor Strip Motor Strip Sensory Motor Strip
- 6. The Motor and Sensory-Motor Strip Receives sensory information from joints and tendons. Located in the Parietal Lobe. Sensory-Motor Strip Controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles. Located in the Frontal Lobe. Motor Strip Description Structure
- 7. The Corpus Callosum and Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex Corpus Callosum
- 8. The Corpus Callosum and Cerebral Cortex 1/8” thick, gray-colored outer layer of the cerebrum. Made up of billions of neurons. Associated with higher cognitive functions. Cerebral Cortex Band of axon fibers. Connects the two hemispheres of the brain for communication purposes. Corpus Callosum Function Structure
- 9. Forebrain and Hindbrain Cerebellum Medulla Amygdala Hippocampus Thalamus
- 10. Forebrain and Hindbrain Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland
- 11. Forebrain and Hindbrain Associated with hunger, thirst, sexual activity, and emotions. Maintains homeostasis. Influences the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus Processes all the senses except smell. Relays to the cortex. Thalamus Located at the base of the skull. Associated with movement, posture, and maintaining equilibrium. Cerebellum Description Structure
- 12. Forebrain And Hindbrain Associated with long-term memory. Hippocampus Associated with basic emotions, memory, and basic motivations. Amygala Controls breathing and heart rate. Controls sensory and motor pathways. Medulla The “master gland.” Secretes endorphins, the body’s natural painkiller. Pituitary Gland Description Structure
- 13. The Reticular Activating System (RAS) The RAS
- 14. The RAS Activates forebrain. Associated with sleep regulation, muscle reflex, breathing, and pain perception. The RAS Description Structure
- 15. Language in the Brain Broca’s Area Wernicke’s Area
- 16. Language in the Brain Associated with language development and comprehension of language. Wernicke’s Area Associated with speech production, language, and controlling facial neurons. Broca’s Area Description Structure
- 17. The End