Parts of brain
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The document discusses the main parts of the brain and nervous system. It describes how the brain is divided into left and right hemispheres that control opposite sides of the body. It outlines the four main regions of the cerebral cortex - occipital, temporal, parietal and frontal. It also discusses key structures like the cerebellum, spinal cord, and important neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine and endorphins.
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Parts of brain
- 1. NERVOUS SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEM PARTS OF BRAINPARTS OF BRAIN
- 2. HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES • Left hemisphere controls right side of the body • Right hemisphere controls left side of the body
- 5. CEREBRAL HEMISPHERESCEREBRAL HEMISPHERES Left hemisphereLeft hemisphere Responsible for speech,Responsible for speech, Math computationsMath computations Processes right visual areaProcesses right visual area
- 6. RIGHT HEMISPHERESRIGHT HEMISPHERES • Spatial tasks, visualizing in 3-D, processesSpatial tasks, visualizing in 3-D, processes left visual filedleft visual filed • Communicate via Corpus CallosumCommunicate via Corpus Callosum
- 7. THE CEREBRAL CORTEXTHE CEREBRAL CORTEX The outer regionThe outer region Cerebral cortexCerebral cortex Formations of foldsFormations of folds ConvolutionsConvolutions Increase of surface areaIncrease of surface area
- 8. THE CEREBRAL CORTEXTHE CEREBRAL CORTEX Reception of sensory informationReception of sensory information Processing the informationProcessing the information
- 11. THE CEREBRAL CORTEXTHE CEREBRAL CORTEX • Stores some memory for future usageStores some memory for future usage • Directs voluntary movementsDirects voluntary movements • Responsible for thinkingResponsible for thinking • The Central CoreThe Central Core
- 12. CEREBRAL CORTEXCEREBRAL CORTEX • Primary sensory area • Reception of signals originating in sense organs • Conversion of subjective expressions e. g light and sound • Involve in speech • Interpretation of sensations of touch from all parts of body
- 13. CORTICAL AREASCORTICAL AREAS • Primary motor area - located in the frontal lobePrimary motor area - located in the frontal lobe • the finer the movement of a body part, the larger thethe finer the movement of a body part, the larger the area it takes up on the primary motor area.area it takes up on the primary motor area. • Primary sensory areas - the more sensitive a body partPrimary sensory areas - the more sensitive a body part is to perception, the larger area it takes up (i.e. theis to perception, the larger area it takes up (i.e. the tongue)tongue)
- 14. CORTICAL AREASCORTICAL AREAS • Visual area - fibers from the right side of both eyes go to the rightVisual area - fibers from the right side of both eyes go to the right side of the brain.side of the brain. • Association areas - all other parts of the brainAssociation areas - all other parts of the brain • receives input from the sensory areasreceives input from the sensory areas • receives input from lower parts of the brainreceives input from lower parts of the brain • involved in perception, thought, decision-makinginvolved in perception, thought, decision-making
- 15. CEREBRAL CORTEXCEREBRAL CORTEX • The Cerebral Cortex - gray matterThe Cerebral Cortex - gray matter • newest portion of the brainnewest portion of the brain • covers the rest of the brain.covers the rest of the brain. • about 1/8 inch thick, contains billionsabout 1/8 inch thick, contains billions of neuronsof neurons • 80% of total brain volume80% of total brain volume • can be divided into 4 regions or lobescan be divided into 4 regions or lobes (occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal(occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal
- 18. MID MRAINMID MRAIN • Reduced in humans • Visual reflexesVisual reflexes • Auditory reflexAuditory reflex • Motivation of movementMotivation of movement • Reticular formationReticular formation • involved in sleep and arousal, excites cerebral cortexinvolved in sleep and arousal, excites cerebral cortex • Relay center connecting hind brain with fore-brainRelay center connecting hind brain with fore-brain • Screening of information before it reach high brainScreening of information before it reach high brain structurestructure •
- 20. HIND BRAINHIND BRAIN • MedullaMedulla • PonsPons • CerebellumCerebellum
- 22. PONSPONS • Appear to influence transitions between sleepAppear to influence transitions between sleep and wakefulnessand wakefulness • Rate and pattern of breathingRate and pattern of breathing • Assists cerebellum in controlling movement andAssists cerebellum in controlling movement and postureposture • •
- 23. MEDULLAMEDULLA • Hooked directly onto spinal cordHooked directly onto spinal cord • Control several automatic functionsControl several automatic functions • BreathingBreathing • Heart rateHeart rate • Blood pressureBlood pressure • SwallowingSwallowing
- 24. CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM • Looks like a little brainLooks like a little brain • In control of force and range of movement.In control of force and range of movement. • Helps initiate and control rapid limb movement (kicking, punching)Helps initiate and control rapid limb movement (kicking, punching) • Co-ordinating movements of the bodyCo-ordinating movements of the body • GuidanceGuidance • Smoothness of motionsSmoothness of motions • Accuration of motionsAccuration of motions •
- 25. CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM • Maintenance of body positionsMaintenance of body positions • Learning and memory storageLearning and memory storage • Best developed in birdsBest developed in birds • Engaged in complex activities in flightEngaged in complex activities in flight •
- 26. OTHER AREAS OF BRAINOTHER AREAS OF BRAIN • Wernicke's area - in left temporal lobe in most people languageWernicke's area - in left temporal lobe in most people language comprehension.comprehension. • Broca's area - usually on left hemisphere - speach productionBroca's area - usually on left hemisphere - speach production problemsproblems • Aphasia - disorder of language that is often found when people haveAphasia - disorder of language that is often found when people have suffered a stroke or some kind of damage to the brainsuffered a stroke or some kind of damage to the brain..
- 27. rr •
- 30. SPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD • Arise from medulla oblongata • Oval shaped hollow cylinder • Composed of large number of neurons,cell fibers and bodies • Arrangement in a definite pattern • In cross section • Butterfly section
- 32. SPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD Inner portion Grey matter Contain a central canal Cell bodies and non-myelinated nerve fibers • Outer portion composed of white matter • Myelinated nerve fibers
- 33. SOME NEUROTRANSMITTERSSOME NEUROTRANSMITTERS • Acetylcholine • Serotonin • Dopamine • Endorphins
- 34. SACETYL CHOLINESACETYL CHOLINE • ACETYL CHOLINEACETYL CHOLINE • Responsible for muscle communication,Responsible for muscle communication, affects memory.affects memory.
- 35. SEROTONINSEROTONIN • Affects mood, eating behaviorAffects mood, eating behavior • Keeps more serotonin in the system.Keeps more serotonin in the system.
- 36. DOPAMINEDOPAMINE • Dopamine - too much = SchizophrenicDopamine - too much = Schizophrenic symptoms.symptoms. • Too little = Parkinson symptoms.Too little = Parkinson symptoms. • Drugs treating Schizophrenia can lead toDrugs treating Schizophrenia can lead to Parkinsonian symptomsParkinsonian symptoms
- 37. ENDORPHINSENDORPHINS Natural opiatesNatural opiates • Released in response to pain andReleased in response to pain and vigorous exercisevigorous exercise •