Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by an allergen that affects 10-25% of the population. It is commonly caused by airborne allergens like dust, pollen, mold, animal dander and smoke. Symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes and throat. Treatment involves avoidance of allergens, antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal corticosteroids and immunotherapy. Nursing care focuses on education, monitoring for symptoms and side effects of treatment, and ensuring patient comfort.

1. ALLERGIC RHINITISReynel Dan L. Galicinao

2. definition

3. ALLERGIC RHINITISan inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by an allergenaffects 10% to 25% of the populationmost common atopic allergic reaction most prevalent in young children and adolescents

4. Etiology

5. Caused by airborne allergensHouse dust and dust mites that feed on the dust

6. Feathers (in pillows and quilts)

7. Molds

8. Tobacco smoke

9. Processed materials or industrial chemicals

10. Animal danderSpring: tree pollens

11. oak, elm, maple, alder, birch, cottonwood)

12. Summer: grass and weed pollens

13. (fescue, bluegrass, English plantain, sheep sorrel)

14. Fall: weed pollens

15. (ragweed)

16. Occasionally in summer and fall: mold sporespathopysiology

18. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated type I hypersensitivity response to an environmental antigen (allergen) in a genetically susceptible personType I hypersensitivity causes local vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

19. classification

20. Allergic rhinitis was formerly classified as seasonal or perennialCurrent classifications:Intermittent

21. symptoms present less than 4 days per week and less then 4 weeks per year

22. Persistent

23. symptoms present more than 4 days per week and more than 4 weeks per yearSeverity is classified as:Mild

24. No interference with daily activities or troublesome symptoms

25. Moderate-severe

26. Presence of at least one:

27. impaired sleep, daily activity, work, or school

28. troublesome symptomscomplications

29. Allergic asthmaChronic otitis mediaHearing lossChronic nasal obstructionSinusitisOrthodontic malocclusion in children

30. Clinical manifestations

31. NasalMucous membrane congestion

32. Edema

33. Itching

34. Rhinorrhea with clear secretions

35. SneezingEyesEdema

36. Itching

37. Burning

38. Tearing

39. Redness

40. Dark circles under eyes (allergic shiners)EarsItching

41. FullnessOtherPalatal itching

42. Throat itching

43. Nonproductive coughDiagnostic evaluation

44. Skin testingconfirms a hypersensitivity to certain allergensNasal smearan increased number of eosinophils suggests allergic diseaseRASTpositive test result for offending allergensRhinoscopyAllows better visualization of the nasopharynx

45. Useful to rule out physical obstruction

46. Septal deviation