The document provides details about several notable examples of Islamic architecture from the Abbasid period, including the Great Mosque of Al-Mutawakkil in Iraq, the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo, the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia, Qasr Al-Ashiq palace in Iraq, Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, and Al Ukhaidir palace in Iraq. It describes the architectural features, layouts, histories, and significance of each site.
Islamic architecture developed after the rise of Islam in the 7th century and includes both secular and religious structures. Some key features of Islamic architecture include minarets, domes and cupolas, arches, courtyards, and the mihrab niche indicating the direction of Mecca. Major early centers of Islamic architecture include mosques in Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Cairo, and Córdoba. Stylistic traditions developed in regions including Turkey, Persia, India, and Spain.
The Great Mosque of Damascus was constructed between 706-715 CE during the Umayyad Caliphate. It was built using the preexisting square towers of a Roman structure and incorporated the first minarets. The interior walls contain stone mosaics depicting paradisiacal scenes to represent Paradise for Muslims. Both it and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem popularized the use of domes and the Syrian cut-stone building technique.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
The Mecca Masjid is located in Hyderabad, India and is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the country. It was commissioned in 1694 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah during the Qutb Shahi dynasty. Some key architectural elements include the central courtyard, mihrab niche indicating the qibla wall facing Mecca, minbar pulpit, two large minarets, dome, ornate vaulting and carvings, and tombs of Asaf Jahi rulers. The mosque can hold up to 20,000 people and was constructed using granite bricks from Mecca.
This document discusses Islamic architecture. It begins with definitions of architecture in general and Islamic architecture specifically. It then covers basic principles and elements of Islamic architecture like courtyards, gardens, domes, and arches. Styles discussed include Persian, Moorish, Turkistan, Ottoman, Fatimid, Mamluk, Indo-Islamic, Sino-Islamic, and Afro-Islamic. Notable architectural masterpieces highlighted are the Taj Mahal, Isfahan Bazaar, and Alhambra. The document concludes with examples of modern Islamic architecture like the Burj Al-Arab, Petronas Towers, and Burj Khalifa.
This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture from the 7th century onwards. It discusses the main characteristics and prominent styles, including common building types like mosques, madrasas, and caravanserais. Specific features of mosques are outlined such as minarets, domes, and mihrabs. Decorative elements often used in Islamic architecture like geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy are also described. Three prominent examples of Islamic architecture are summarized: the Mosque of Sultan Hassan in Cairo, the Mosque of Cordoba in Spain, and the Taj Mahal in India. Each provides a brief historical background and discusses key architectural characteristics.
The document summarizes the architectural features of arches and minarets commonly seen in Islamic architecture. It describes the various types of arches used, including horseshoe, transverse, and pointed arches. The Muslims mastered arch design and it was used both structurally and decoratively. Arches provided strength and stability for vaulted ceilings. Minarets served to call Muslims to prayer and provided ventilation by drawing hot air up and out of the structure. Their distinctive shape includes a base, shaft, and top balcony or gallery. Arches and minarets became defining elements of mosques and other Islamic buildings.
Islamic architecture developed after the rise of Islam in the 7th century and includes both secular and religious structures. Some key features of Islamic architecture include minarets, domes and cupolas, arches, courtyards, and the mihrab niche indicating the direction of Mecca. Major early centers of Islamic architecture include mosques in Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Cairo, and Córdoba. Stylistic traditions developed in regions including Turkey, Persia, India, and Spain.
The Great Mosque of Damascus was constructed between 706-715 CE during the Umayyad Caliphate. It was built using the preexisting square towers of a Roman structure and incorporated the first minarets. The interior walls contain stone mosaics depicting paradisiacal scenes to represent Paradise for Muslims. Both it and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem popularized the use of domes and the Syrian cut-stone building technique.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
The Mecca Masjid is located in Hyderabad, India and is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the country. It was commissioned in 1694 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah during the Qutb Shahi dynasty. Some key architectural elements include the central courtyard, mihrab niche indicating the qibla wall facing Mecca, minbar pulpit, two large minarets, dome, ornate vaulting and carvings, and tombs of Asaf Jahi rulers. The mosque can hold up to 20,000 people and was constructed using granite bricks from Mecca.
This document discusses Islamic architecture. It begins with definitions of architecture in general and Islamic architecture specifically. It then covers basic principles and elements of Islamic architecture like courtyards, gardens, domes, and arches. Styles discussed include Persian, Moorish, Turkistan, Ottoman, Fatimid, Mamluk, Indo-Islamic, Sino-Islamic, and Afro-Islamic. Notable architectural masterpieces highlighted are the Taj Mahal, Isfahan Bazaar, and Alhambra. The document concludes with examples of modern Islamic architecture like the Burj Al-Arab, Petronas Towers, and Burj Khalifa.
This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture from the 7th century onwards. It discusses the main characteristics and prominent styles, including common building types like mosques, madrasas, and caravanserais. Specific features of mosques are outlined such as minarets, domes, and mihrabs. Decorative elements often used in Islamic architecture like geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy are also described. Three prominent examples of Islamic architecture are summarized: the Mosque of Sultan Hassan in Cairo, the Mosque of Cordoba in Spain, and the Taj Mahal in India. Each provides a brief historical background and discusses key architectural characteristics.
The document summarizes the architectural features of arches and minarets commonly seen in Islamic architecture. It describes the various types of arches used, including horseshoe, transverse, and pointed arches. The Muslims mastered arch design and it was used both structurally and decoratively. Arches provided strength and stability for vaulted ceilings. Minarets served to call Muslims to prayer and provided ventilation by drawing hot air up and out of the structure. Their distinctive shape includes a base, shaft, and top balcony or gallery. Arches and minarets became defining elements of mosques and other Islamic buildings.
Islamic architecture encompasses both secular and religious structures from the rise of Islam to present day. The main types are mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts, with characteristics including niches, columns, arches, minarets, and calligraphy. Islamic architectural styles developed based on the regions conquered, incorporating influences from Persia, Central Asia, China, and the Horn of Africa.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Lecture-2 (Islamic Architecture) complete for display.pptUsamaShaheer1
This slide tells about Islamic Architecture in detail.
Islamic Architecture is very important according to the architect's point of view, thus an idea is given here.
Islamic architecture developed from many influences, including Roman, Byzantine, Persian, and Central Asian styles. The mosque is the most important building in Islamic architecture, with early examples including the Great Mosque of Qairouan in Tunisia. Other notable mosques include the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo and the Great Mosque of Córdoba in Spain. Domes, arches, courtyards, and mihrabs are characteristic architectural features of mosques and other Islamic buildings. Squinches allowed the construction of domes and their use spread domed structures throughout the Islamic world.
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
01 sak lecture on islamic architecture at kfupm on 19th november 2013Muizz Anibire
This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins with a timeline of important monuments in Islamic architectural history from the 7th century to the modern era. It then analyzes exemplary monuments such as the Dome of the Rock, Alhambra Palace, Selimiye Mosque complex, Taj Mahal, and Suheymi House. Finally, it discusses key design principles of Islamic architecture such as unity, functionality, pursuit of knowledge, creativity, professionalism, and identity/diversity. The document serves as a reference for understanding the historical development and defining characteristics of Islamic architectural traditions.
Central asian architecture/Timurid architectureaineefatima98
Central Asian Islamic architecture was strongly influenced by Persian, Russian, Chinese and Islamic styles. Key features included massive blue domes, tilework, geometric patterns, and buildings designed to stay cool in the desert climate using water features. The historic cities of Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva featured important architectural ensembles like the Registan mosque and madrasas in Samarkand, with their beautiful tilework, arched portals and central courtyards. Major structures included mosques, madrasas, mausoleums and caravanserais, with buildings traditionally made of fired brick. The peak of Central Asian Islamic architecture was under the Timurids, as seen in buildings like the Bibi-Khany
Lecture 06: Islamic Architecture in India_Khilji DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Khilji Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
The Abbasids established Baghdad as their capital in the 8th century. They were influenced by Persian architectural styles and traditions, adopting features like monumental palaces centered around large courtyards and iwans. The Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur founded the circular planned city of Baghdad, while later caliphs built lavish palaces like Ukhaydir and Samarra, characterized by fortified enclosures, towers, and elaborate decorative elements. The Abbasids established new models of royal architecture and palatial complexes that demonstrated their power and wealth.
This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins by defining architecture and its relationship to culture, then defines Islam. It explores key characteristics of Islamic architecture including its monotheistic foundations, the symbolic and spiritual importance of the Kaaba, orientation of mosques towards Mecca, common mosque features like minarets and domes, and the emphasis on courtyards in homes and cities. Examples of historic and modern Islamic architecture are presented, along with ornamentation styles. The goal is to understand the main concepts and philosophies that unite different Islamic architectural styles.
This document discusses the key factors that have influenced the development of Islamic architecture, including geographical, geological, climatic, religious, social, and historical conditions. Some of the characteristic features of Islamic architecture that developed include domes, pointed arches, arabesque designs, minarets, mihrabs, and courtyard-centered houses and mosques. Important early examples discussed are the Kaaba in Mecca and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
The document discusses the history and key elements of Islamic architecture. It begins by defining Islamic architecture as encompassing both religious and secular buildings influenced by Islam. It then describes how Islamic architecture began by following the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad in building mosques. Key elements of Islamic architectural style are discussed such as the focus on interior spaces, use of geometric shapes/repetitive art, calligraphy, symmetry, large domes and minarets. The origins of the first mosques in Medina and other early cities conquered by Muslims like Kufa are also summarized.
Islamic architecture originated from Roman, Byzantine, and Persian influences and spread throughout the Islamic world. It includes mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts and is characterized by courtyards, hypostyle halls, vaulting, muqarnas, and geometric and floral ornamentation. Major architectural features include domes, arches, arabesque patterns, and calligraphy. Early influences included the Dome of the Rock and Great Mosque of Damascus, which incorporated Byzantine elements. Regional variations emerged, with Eastern styles featuring non-radial vaulting and the West utilizing horseshoe arches.
Qutub Minar is a tower located in Delhi that was constructed in 1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and additional stories were added later. It is the world's tallest brick minaret standing over 72 meters high. The Qutub Minar and surrounding historical structures form the Qutub Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is one of Delhi's most popular tourist destinations.
Alhambra Palace and The Great Mosque of CordobaEraz
The Umayyad architecture flourished between 661-976 CE. Significant buildings from this period include the Great Mosque of Damascus (706 CE), Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (691 CE), Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain (784 CE), and the Alhambra palace complex in Granada, Spain (13th century). The Alhambra features exquisite decorative elements like arabesques, muqarnas domes, and intricate tilework. It also has symbolic architectural features like courtyards and the use of water. The Great Mosque of Cordoba started as a Christian church that was converted into a mosque, and it pioneered the use of alternating red and white
The Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain was built in the Moorish architectural style. It features Islamic design elements like column arcades, fountains, reflecting pools, geometric patterns, Arabic inscriptions, and painted tiles. The original construction was ordered by the king of Granada and continued by his son, Muhammad II. The decoration includes carved stucco, tiles with floral designs, and Quranic inscriptions. The central courtyard is surrounded by 124 white marble columns and features a tiled square and colonnade along with fountains and pools.
Comparison studies between Romanesque and Gothic architectureNoorul Mushfika
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. While, gothic architecture is an architectural style that was particularly popular in Europe from the late 12th century to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in the 9th century AD and has undergone several renovations and expansions. It follows an Abbasid style with a large courtyard surrounded by arcades and a hypostyle prayer hall. Some key features include its minaret, which is the oldest surviving minaret in the world, its mihrab and minbar which feature intricate carved woodwork, and its use of columns in the prayer hall from ancient Roman sites. The mosque has historically been an important religious and architectural site in North Africa.
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in 836 AD and has undergone several renovations and expansions. It has an open air courtyard surrounded by arcades and a large hypostyle prayer hall. A notable feature is its minaret, which is the oldest surviving minaret in the world at 31.5 meters tall. The mosque was constructed simply of sun-dried bricks but includes elements of marble, granite and other materials. It has historically been an important place of worship and model for other mosques in North Africa.
Islamic architecture encompasses both secular and religious structures from the rise of Islam to present day. The main types are mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts, with characteristics including niches, columns, arches, minarets, and calligraphy. Islamic architectural styles developed based on the regions conquered, incorporating influences from Persia, Central Asia, China, and the Horn of Africa.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Lecture-2 (Islamic Architecture) complete for display.pptUsamaShaheer1
This slide tells about Islamic Architecture in detail.
Islamic Architecture is very important according to the architect's point of view, thus an idea is given here.
Islamic architecture developed from many influences, including Roman, Byzantine, Persian, and Central Asian styles. The mosque is the most important building in Islamic architecture, with early examples including the Great Mosque of Qairouan in Tunisia. Other notable mosques include the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo and the Great Mosque of Córdoba in Spain. Domes, arches, courtyards, and mihrabs are characteristic architectural features of mosques and other Islamic buildings. Squinches allowed the construction of domes and their use spread domed structures throughout the Islamic world.
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
01 sak lecture on islamic architecture at kfupm on 19th november 2013Muizz Anibire
This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins with a timeline of important monuments in Islamic architectural history from the 7th century to the modern era. It then analyzes exemplary monuments such as the Dome of the Rock, Alhambra Palace, Selimiye Mosque complex, Taj Mahal, and Suheymi House. Finally, it discusses key design principles of Islamic architecture such as unity, functionality, pursuit of knowledge, creativity, professionalism, and identity/diversity. The document serves as a reference for understanding the historical development and defining characteristics of Islamic architectural traditions.
Central asian architecture/Timurid architectureaineefatima98
Central Asian Islamic architecture was strongly influenced by Persian, Russian, Chinese and Islamic styles. Key features included massive blue domes, tilework, geometric patterns, and buildings designed to stay cool in the desert climate using water features. The historic cities of Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva featured important architectural ensembles like the Registan mosque and madrasas in Samarkand, with their beautiful tilework, arched portals and central courtyards. Major structures included mosques, madrasas, mausoleums and caravanserais, with buildings traditionally made of fired brick. The peak of Central Asian Islamic architecture was under the Timurids, as seen in buildings like the Bibi-Khany
Lecture 06: Islamic Architecture in India_Khilji DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Khilji Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
The Abbasids established Baghdad as their capital in the 8th century. They were influenced by Persian architectural styles and traditions, adopting features like monumental palaces centered around large courtyards and iwans. The Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur founded the circular planned city of Baghdad, while later caliphs built lavish palaces like Ukhaydir and Samarra, characterized by fortified enclosures, towers, and elaborate decorative elements. The Abbasids established new models of royal architecture and palatial complexes that demonstrated their power and wealth.
This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins by defining architecture and its relationship to culture, then defines Islam. It explores key characteristics of Islamic architecture including its monotheistic foundations, the symbolic and spiritual importance of the Kaaba, orientation of mosques towards Mecca, common mosque features like minarets and domes, and the emphasis on courtyards in homes and cities. Examples of historic and modern Islamic architecture are presented, along with ornamentation styles. The goal is to understand the main concepts and philosophies that unite different Islamic architectural styles.
This document discusses the key factors that have influenced the development of Islamic architecture, including geographical, geological, climatic, religious, social, and historical conditions. Some of the characteristic features of Islamic architecture that developed include domes, pointed arches, arabesque designs, minarets, mihrabs, and courtyard-centered houses and mosques. Important early examples discussed are the Kaaba in Mecca and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
The document discusses the history and key elements of Islamic architecture. It begins by defining Islamic architecture as encompassing both religious and secular buildings influenced by Islam. It then describes how Islamic architecture began by following the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad in building mosques. Key elements of Islamic architectural style are discussed such as the focus on interior spaces, use of geometric shapes/repetitive art, calligraphy, symmetry, large domes and minarets. The origins of the first mosques in Medina and other early cities conquered by Muslims like Kufa are also summarized.
Islamic architecture originated from Roman, Byzantine, and Persian influences and spread throughout the Islamic world. It includes mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts and is characterized by courtyards, hypostyle halls, vaulting, muqarnas, and geometric and floral ornamentation. Major architectural features include domes, arches, arabesque patterns, and calligraphy. Early influences included the Dome of the Rock and Great Mosque of Damascus, which incorporated Byzantine elements. Regional variations emerged, with Eastern styles featuring non-radial vaulting and the West utilizing horseshoe arches.
Qutub Minar is a tower located in Delhi that was constructed in 1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and additional stories were added later. It is the world's tallest brick minaret standing over 72 meters high. The Qutub Minar and surrounding historical structures form the Qutub Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is one of Delhi's most popular tourist destinations.
Alhambra Palace and The Great Mosque of CordobaEraz
The Umayyad architecture flourished between 661-976 CE. Significant buildings from this period include the Great Mosque of Damascus (706 CE), Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (691 CE), Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain (784 CE), and the Alhambra palace complex in Granada, Spain (13th century). The Alhambra features exquisite decorative elements like arabesques, muqarnas domes, and intricate tilework. It also has symbolic architectural features like courtyards and the use of water. The Great Mosque of Cordoba started as a Christian church that was converted into a mosque, and it pioneered the use of alternating red and white
The Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain was built in the Moorish architectural style. It features Islamic design elements like column arcades, fountains, reflecting pools, geometric patterns, Arabic inscriptions, and painted tiles. The original construction was ordered by the king of Granada and continued by his son, Muhammad II. The decoration includes carved stucco, tiles with floral designs, and Quranic inscriptions. The central courtyard is surrounded by 124 white marble columns and features a tiled square and colonnade along with fountains and pools.
Comparison studies between Romanesque and Gothic architectureNoorul Mushfika
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. While, gothic architecture is an architectural style that was particularly popular in Europe from the late 12th century to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in the 9th century AD and has undergone several renovations and expansions. It follows an Abbasid style with a large courtyard surrounded by arcades and a hypostyle prayer hall. Some key features include its minaret, which is the oldest surviving minaret in the world, its mihrab and minbar which feature intricate carved woodwork, and its use of columns in the prayer hall from ancient Roman sites. The mosque has historically been an important religious and architectural site in North Africa.
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in 836 AD and has undergone several renovations and expansions. It has an open air courtyard surrounded by arcades and a large hypostyle prayer hall. A notable feature is its minaret, which is the oldest surviving minaret in the world at 31.5 meters tall. The mosque was constructed simply of sun-dried bricks but includes elements of marble, granite and other materials. It has historically been an important place of worship and model for other mosques in North Africa.
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was founded in 670 AD and rebuilt in its current form in 836 AD under the Aghlabid prince Ziyadat Allah I. It is located in the historic center of Kairouan and is an important example of early Islamic architecture, incorporating elements from eastern Islamic art and pre-Islamic North African motifs. The mosque follows a hypostyle plan with a large courtyard surrounded by arcades and a prayer hall with multiple aisles divided by marble columns supporting horseshoe arches. It contains significant architectural features like a ribbed dome, minaret, mihrab, minbar, and maqsura and has served as an important pilgrimage
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was built in the 9th century AD under the Aghlabid dynasty. It is located in the historic city of Kairouan and has undergone several renovations and expansions over the centuries. The mosque follows a hypostyle architectural design with a large courtyard surrounded by arcades and a prayer hall with multiple aisles separated by columns. It incorporates elements of pre-Islamic art and architecture and is considered an important early example of a mosque.
Jami' uqba ibn nafi' Mosque, Tunisia (Great Mosque of Kairouan)Talha Saeed
The Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia was originally constructed in 670 AD but was rebuilt in its current form between 817-838 AD. It is located in the historic Medina district of Kairouan. The mosque complex covers an area of 70 by 125 meters and features a large courtyard surrounded by arcades, a hypostyle prayer hall, and a square minaret that is among the oldest in the Islamic world. The mosque incorporates over 500 columns from ancient Roman and Byzantine sites and is renowned for its artistic and architectural significance as the first mosque in North Africa.
Jerusalem is a historically and religiously significant city located in the Judean Mountains. It is considered holy in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The document discusses the major Islamic architectural sites in Jerusalem, including the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. It describes the architectural features and historical periods of development for each site. Key periods discussed are the early Islamic period after the Arab conquest, the Crusader period when sites were converted to churches, and the Ottoman period when many renovations occurred. The architectural styles and building materials used in each period are also summarized.
Islamic architecture captivates people for several reasons:
Intricate Design: Islamic architecture is renowned for its intricate and elaborate designs, characterized by geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphy. These designs often adorn mosques, palaces, and other structures, creating visually stunning environments.
Spiritual Significance: Many are drawn to the spiritual symbolism embedded in Islamic architecture, especially in mosques. The grandeur of these buildings often evokes a sense of awe and reverence, providing a space for worship and reflection.
Cultural Heritage: Islamic architecture reflects the rich cultural heritage of various regions across the Islamic world, spanning from Spain to Southeast Asia. Its diversity showcases the amalgamation of different architectural styles, influenced by local traditions and historical contexts.
Innovation and Engineering: Islamic architects have been pioneers in various architectural innovations, including the development of geometric principles and advanced construction techniques. The soaring domes, intricate arches, and towering minarets demonstrate their mastery of engineering and design.
Timelessness: Islamic architecture has stood the test of time, with many structures dating back centuries yet still retaining their beauty and functionality. This timelessness speaks to the enduring appeal and significance of Islamic architectural principles.
Overall, Islamic architecture continues to fascinate people worldwide, serving as a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and cultural richness of the Islamic civilization.
The Qutub complex was built in the late 12th century and includes several historic monuments from Delhi Sultanate dynasties. It contains the Qutub Minar, an over 70 meter tall tower built by Qutubuddin Aibak. The complex also includes the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque built using materials from demolished temples, the Alai Darwaza gate built by Alauddin Khalji, and tombs of Iltutmish and other sultans. The site demonstrates the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture over two centuries under the Slave, Khalji, and Tughlaq dynasties.
Provincial style of bijapur architectureKushagra Goel
The document summarizes the Indo-Islamic architecture that flourished in Bijapur, India under the rule of the Adil Shahi dynasty from the 15th to 17th centuries. It achieved its greatest development during this period. Notable structures built include the Jami Masjid mosque (1576-1614), the largest mosque in Bijapur; the Ibrahim Rauza mausoleum (1626) of Ibrahim Adil Shah II, which inspired the design of the Taj Mahal; and the Gol Gumbaz mausoleum (1647-1656) with its massive unsupported dome. The architecture blended Islamic elements like domes and arches with local Indian styles
influenced by architecture during islamic period in INDIA . the architectural features of islamic period mainly the mughal structures .
the designing pattern of great str like city of fatehpur sikri and more .
The Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey was commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I in 1609 and completed in 1616. It was built on the site of the Byzantine imperial palace and hippodrome facing Hagia Sophia, combining Ottoman and Byzantine architectural styles. The mosque interior features over 20,000 handmade ceramic tiles and has a large central dome surrounded by four smaller domes and six minarets. It was the last great mosque of the classical period of the Ottoman Empire and remains one of the most impressive monuments in Istanbul.
Fatehpur Sikri was founded in 1569 by Mughal emperor Akbar as the capital of the Mughal Empire, located about 37 km from Agra. It was the first planned city of the Mughals, designed according to a grid plan with architectural styles fusing Islamic, Hindu, and Jain elements. The city's major complexes included the Sacred Complex containing the Jami Masjid mosque and tomb of Sufi saint Salim Chishti, and the Royal Complex with palaces, courts, and other buildings. Fatehpur Sikri was abandoned in 1585 due to water shortages but remains an important archaeological site showcasing Akbar's vision of religious harmony
The King Hassan II Mosque is located in Casablanca, Morocco and is the largest mosque in Africa. It is built partially over the Atlantic Ocean on a platform between a natural rock outcrop and two large breakwaters. The mosque was commissioned by King Hassan II and took over 7 years to construct. Key features include a 210 meter tall minaret, a 200x1000 meter rectangular prayer hall with a retractable roof, and women's galleries with ornate wood carvings. The mosque blends Islamic architecture with Moroccan influences and reflects Moorish design.
The Wazir Khan Mosque is an architectural masterpiece located in the old quarter of Lahore, Pakistan. Built between 1634-1635 by Governor Hakim Shaikh Ilm-ud-din Ansari, it is considered one of the most ornately decorated mosques in South Asia. The mosque is rectangular with four imposing minarets at its corners and features a large courtyard flanked by 28 rooms. Its interior and exterior walls are decorated with elaborate tile mosaics, frescoes, and calligraphy. The mosque remains a peaceful oasis amid the bustling city and is undergoing restoration to preserve its cultural heritage.
Mughal Architecture in jaunpur and lucknow.pptxHAPPYSAINI18
The document summarizes the architectural styles of Jaunpur and Lucknow from the 14th to 18th centuries. In Jaunpur, the Sharqi dynasty built mosques featuring pylons, arched entrances, and trabeate construction. The Atala Mosque from 1408 served as the model, with its courtyard, cloisters, and sanctuary containing a central domed nave. Later mosques like the Lal Darwaza and Jami Masjid replicated elements at smaller and larger scales respectively. Lucknow developed under the Nawabs, featuring baradaris, enclosed gardens, the iconic Rumi Gate, and the massive vaulted Asafi Imambara without beams.
The document summarizes the key features and examples of the Imperial style of architecture that developed during the Delhi Sultanate period in northern India. It discusses important monuments constructed during the Slave Dynasty like the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque and Qutb Minar in Delhi that showed influences of both Hindu and Muslim art. It also describes extensions made to the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque during the reigns of Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji, and tombs like that of Iltutmish that introduced the squinch architectural element to India. The Imperial style thus emerged as a blend of Hindu and Islamic artistic traditions under the early Sultans.
The document provides details about several Mughal architectural structures and styles. It discusses:
1) The Gulbarga Jami Masjid in Bidar, known for its domed central hall instead of an open courtyard, covering nearly 38,000 square feet.
2) The Bidar Madrassa, known as the "Madrassa of Mond", which has the plan and style of a typical Persian university transplanted to India.
3) Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, built in 1556, which has an octagonal layout inspired by Persian models and Hindu temple planning.
4) The Fatehpur Sikri complex, including the large central mosque, Diwan
Jama masjid is the largest mosque in India.
Originally called Masjid-i-Jahanuma, or "mosque commanding view of the world“.
It was based on the plan and design of Ostad Khalil .
It can be called as the replica of Moti Masjid in Agra.
It is one of the finest mosque in the world.
It is a congregational mosque.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
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2. Islamic
a r c h it ec t ur e
2
PREPERED BY:
Sima Diyar Kakarash
Balen Farhan
Bala Ibrahim
Darband Zikri
Arya Shorish
Ibrahim Muhammed
3. Abbasid a r c h i t e c t u r e
3
The Abbasids:
- Abu Jaffar al Saffah put and end to Umayyad in 750.
- They took there name from prophet Mohammad's uncle abbas
The second Islamic dynasty ( flourished 750-950)
- Abu Jaffar al-Mansur: (second caliph and founder of Baghdad)
- Haroun al-Rashid: established many large settlements along the
Tigris and the Euphrates. His name become inexorably linked to
the tales of Arabian night.
4. Abbasid a r c h i t e c t u r e
4
The Abbasids:
- Abbasid took the method of revolution until they took the role from Umayyad.
- They expanded from Persia to south Egypt.
- Then those small wilayat started to be divided because of internal conflicts.
Why it was divided ?
1. They mainly relied on the slave army brought from turkey then those
later managed to take role in many areas and become an influential
power and took admirative roles.
2. It expanded widely so internal conflicts resulted.
5. Contents:
5
Great Masjid Of Al-Mutawakkil
- IBN-TULUNMOSQUE.
- GREAT MOSQUE OF KAIROUAN IN TUNISIA.
- QASR AL-’ASHIQ.
-AL UKHAIDIR PALACE.
- AL AQSA MOSQUE
6. ✣ Classified as the largest mosque in Islamic
world, Construction is commissioned by
caliph Al-Mutawakkil in 848Bc and completed
in 851Bc.
✣ The outer walls of it’s massive prayer hall still
stands, As well as it’s spiral shaped minaret ,
Known as Malawiya.
6
Great Masjid Of Al-Mutawakkil
7. ✣ The masjid is set on an outer enclosure
measuring (374m*443m) In this enclosure
there are covered porticoes to
accommodate additional faithfulness at
Friday prayer , And the building behind
niche which seems to have been intended
to receive the caliph , And even
accommodate the imam of the masjid
7
Great Masjid Of Al-Mutawakkil
8. ✣ The masjid itself measures (239 x 156m),
With 17 aisles in the prayer hall and a
triple portico around the courtyard
✣ The sizeable rectangular structure
measures approximately (38,000sqm ) and
was made out of a brick wall supported by
forty-four semi-circular towers including
ones at the corner , one could enter the
masjid through the six gates
8
Great Masjid Of Al-Mutawakkil
9. 9
Great Masjid Of Al-Mutawakkil
• The roof of the Masjid was supported by
twenty-four rows of nine piers in the
prayer hall, three rows of nine piers again
in the riwaq to the north, and each side
having twenty-two rows of four piers.
• The prayer hall featured a monumental
mihrab. The mihrab[ niche] took the form
of a pointed arch supported by two sets of
engaged columns on either side.
Mihrab - Niche
10. 10
Great Masjid Of Al-Mutawakkil
✣ The masjid is set on an outer
enclosure measuring
(374m*443m) In this enclosure
there are covered porticoes to
accommodate additional
faithfulness at Friday prayer ,
And the building behind niche
which seems to have been
intended to receive the caliph ,
And even accommodate the
imam of the masjid
The courtyard’s fountain was domed was elaborately decorated
with mosaics and marble paneling.
Wall showing brickwork:
View of windows at clerestory view on
Qibla wall
Detailed view of south-east wall
of prayer-hall showing brickwork
mam
11. 11
Great Masjid Of Al-Mutawakkil
✣ Directly (27.25m) from the center of the
masjid’s north face stands the minaret of
Al-Malawiya , Approximately (55m) high ,
The base of minaret measures (33sqm) and
rises to height of almost three meters.
✣ It supports a spiral ramp that
winds counter-clockwise 5 turns
up to the top , Beginning with
the side closest to the masjid. At
the top of the tower rests a round
vestibule, Which is adorned with
8 pointed-arch niches
✣ The minaret is influenced by a
specific type of Mesopotamian
ziggurat.
13. IBN-TULUN MOUSQE
- Mosque of Ibn Tulun was built in the 9 th
century by Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Turkic
slave-soldier who became the
semiautonomous ruler of Egypt.
-The building was constructed in the
Abbasid style with a flat roof, resting on
arched piers and a large courtyard. The
plan is T-type and there is a spiral
minaret
-the middle ablution fountain covered with a
domed pavilion was a later Mamluk addition
from the thirteen century.
13
15. - Like Abbasid mosques in Samarra,
the mosque of Ibn Tulun has ziyadas.
The mosque has multiple doors with
semicircular staircases. The ablution
fountain and spiral minaret are on
exact axis with the mihrab.
IBN-TULUN MOUSQE
15
16. IBN-TULUN MOUSQE
-The Dar al-Imara behind the mihrab (House of
Government) was where Ibn Tulun came with his
entourage.
- Between the mosque and palace was a large
maydan or urban square.
-The palace gate had triple arches like the one in
the caliphal palace in Samarra.
16
17. IBN-TULUN MOUSQE
DECORATION
-The ornaments of the Ibn Tunun Mosque are in the
“Beveled Style” of Samarra. The mosque is devoid
of naturalistic vegetal ornaments. Its abstract
vegetal and geometric patterns are a regional
interpretation of Abbasid prototypes.
-Unlike the octagonal piers with four colonettes in
the Great Mosque of Samarra, here the piers are
square with four colonettes. The exterior walls
topped by crenellations have an upper row of
windows with grills.
17
18. IBN-TULUN MOUSQE
-The heavy square piers obscure the visibility of
the central mihrab area, however, many mihrabs
are provided along the qibla wall. The prayer hall
with pointed arches is like a labyrinthine space,
producing complex perspectival effects.
-Above the piers are arched openings that were
meant to bring light and to counter the heaviness
of the walls. Pointed arches became standard in
this period, when round arches associated with
Roman-Byzantine Mediterranean architecture that
were prominent in the Umayyad monuments
became abandoned.
18
19. IBN-TULUN MOUSQE
-The mosque’s geometric window grills have
elaborate interlaced forms that became
common in the medieval period in conjunction
with stylized vegetal forms. The main mihrab
which exists today within the Ibn Tulun Mosque
is from the Mamluk period. All of these
elements such as woodwork, plaster and brick
that all bear same kinds of patterns are found
in the Mosque of Ibn Tulun.
19
22. GREAT MOSQUE OF KAIROUAN IN TUNISIA
22
✣ Location: In the Medina, Kairouan, Tunisia.
✣ Area: 9000m 2.
✣ Also known as: mosque of Uqba.
✣ One of the oldest placesof worship in the Islamic world, as well
as a model for all later mosques in the Maghreb.
24. A rchitectu re
24
✣ The great mosque of Kairouan was simply made up of
sun-dried bricks that had stood their since the foundation
of the city.
✣ The mosque was constructed with Abbasid style of a
courtyard surrounded by arcades, with a hypostyle prayer
hall roughly one-third the size of the entire enclosed
complex, has one outstanding features- its minarets in the
for m of a lighthouse. The use of Marble land granite was
done in the prayer hall and columns.
25. ✣ The world's oldest surviving minaret,
Minaret
It is 31.5 meters tall and is seated on a square
base of 10.7 meters on each side.
It is located inside the enclosure and does not
have direct access from the outside.
8th-9th
century.
✣
✣
✣ It consists of three tapering levels, the last of
which is topped with a small ribbed dome.
.
25
26. Prayer h a l l
✣ The prayer hall is located on the southern side of the courtyard;
and is accessed by 17carved wooden doors. portico with double
row of arches precede the spacious prayer hall, which takes the
shape of a rectangle of 70.6 meters in width and 37.5 meters depth.
26
28. QASR AL-ASHIQ
✣ Location: It is situated at 16km west of the modern city of Samarra, on the
western bank of the Tigris - Iraq
✣ Area: 12,500 square meters
28
29. QASR AL-ASHIQ
✣ Al-Ashiq Palace is distinguished by its ingenuity of engineering and the accuracy of
its construction. It is one of the outstanding examples of the Abbasid architectural
style surviving.
✣ Some historians consider this building to be a military fortress, because of its design,
as it is surrounded by sturdy defensive towers as if it were a castle.
29
30. QASR AL-ASHIQ
30
✣ History
✣ The palace was commissioned under the 15th Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tamid,
and construction took place during 877–882. Accounts differ regarding the
person who was assigned to construct this palace.Yaqut al-Hamawy mentions
the name of Ali bin Yahi al-Munajam and Moez al-Dawla who initiated the
groundbreaking. Emir 'Amad al-Dawla wrote a poem about this palace. During
the medieval period, it was referred to as "al-Ma'shuq which means
"beloved".The palace was excavated in 1960s and restored during the 1980s.
31. QASR AL-ASHIQ
31
✣ Architecture
✣ Qasr al-'Ashiq is a prominent surviving example of the Abbasid
architectural style palace. The building is rectangular shaped and
consists of two floors, one of which has been used
as catacombs and vaults. It is surrounded by large yards, which
are surrounded by walls. Outside the walls exist a long moat, in
which water flows from the underground channel which begins
from the western highlands. Surface of the moat is higher than the
nearby river.
35. AL AQSA MOSQUE FROM TEMPLE
MOUNT(EAST JERUSALEM)
35
✣ Location: T E M P L E M O U N T ( E A S T J E RU SA L E M )
✣ Area: 144,000m^2
One of the oldest places of worship in the Islamic world, as well as a
model for all later mosques in the Maghreb.
36. PLAN OF AL AQSA MOSQUE
(A) Porch
(B) Steps to underground rooms
(C) Steps to "Christ's Cradle"
(1) Prayer hall
(2) Fountain
(3) Eastern Gate
(4) Mihrab of Zechariah
(5) Mosque of the Forty Martyrs
(6) Mosque of Omar
(7) Mihrab (prayer niche)
(8) Minbar (pulpit)
(9) White Mosque (Women's Mosque)
(10) Islamic Museum
(11) Dome of Yusuf
1
A
B C
A
3
4
5
8 7
10
11
(164ft)
9
Outer Wal of the M osque
50 m
6
City Wal
Double Gate
Al-Buraq
Wall
1
70
8
A
37. PLAN OF AL AQSA MOSQUE
2
1
4
5
3
7
8
A
Cave
6
10 m
( 33 ft)
(A) Holy Rock(As-Sakhra)
(1) WestGate (Bab Al-Gharb)
(2) Gate of Paradise (Bab Al-Jenneh)
(3) David's Place of Judgment
(Dome of the Chain)
(4) South Gate (Bab Al-Qibla)
(5) Mihrab (prayer niche)
(6) What is believed to be the
print of Al-Buraq’s hoof
(7) What is believed to be Prophet
Muhammad’s (PBUH) footprint
(8) Steps dow n to the "Holy Rock
Cave"
38. AL AQSA MOSQUE
38
✣ In abbasid caliphate :
The abbasid mosque was destroyed by earthquake in 746,
The mosque was rebuilt in 758 by Al-Mansur of the Abbasid
caliphate, it was further expanded upon in 780 by Abbasid
caliph Al-Mahdi
39. Al aqsa mosque
39
Al-Aqsa Mosque has the following three different levels:
• An underground level which is under the Holy Mosque level containing wells
and water canals, and some buildings that are currently filled with earth and
waste.
• The Southern Al-Qibly Mosque and the expansive middle courtyard that includes
open gates, corridors, platforms, trees, etc.
• The Dome of the Rock and its surroundings, including the decorative domes that
adorn the highest plateau within Al-Aqsa Mosque.
40. Al aqsa mosque
40
•Interior:
•The Al-Aqsa mosque has seven aisles of hypostyle naves several additional
small halls to the west and east of the southern section of the building
•There are 121 stained glass windows in the mosque from abbasid era.about a fourth of
them were restored in 1924
•material
•Limestone(external walls,façade),lead and concrete(dome),white marble(interior columns)
and mosaic
42. AL Ukhaidir palace
✣ The location:The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir or Abbasid palace of Ukhaidir is
located 50 km south west of Karbala and about 173 km south west of Baghdad
,Iraq .
✣ The word Ukhaidir means "small green place".
42
43. Plan:
✣ The building is made out of rough limestone blocks and mud plaster with baked
brick used for roofing vaults.
✣ The palace may be divided into two structural phases, a central palace core and
an outer enclosure wall added slightly later.
✣ The exterior wall is composed of heigh niches alternating with solid semi-
circular buttress towers.
✣ The enclosure was pierced, in the center of each side, with gateways flanked by quarter
round towers. On the main gate, in the northern side of the wall, we find the earliest
appearance of the arched portal, set within a rectangular frame rising above the walls
(pishtaq) .
✣ there is a 17 meters high robust rampart made from limestone slabs and mortar
strengthened
✣ by corner and intermediary towers alternating with pairs of blind arches on columns.
43
44. Plan:
✣ The palace complex consists of series of functional units; the great
hall, Masjid, court of honor, audience or throne halls and four
domestic compounds called bayts.
44
45. ✣ Through the entrance hall one progresses into a square chamber covered by a
fluted dome, the first of its type in Iraq.
✣ This is followed by a narrow corridor and a set of internal curtain walls
protecting the palace proper.
✣ Following this corridor, towards the west, one reaches a larger open space
extending the whole length of the palace.
✣ The fluted dome supported on triangular slabs bridging the corner of the
square is an early version of erecting domes on a square bay.
45
AL Ukhaidir palace
46. ✣ West of the great hall and to the right of the
main entrance, there is the palace Masjid, a
hall consisting of a single aisle of five arches
rised on cylindrical piers made of limestone
and mortar.
✣ The vault of the Masjid portico showing the
innovative flattened arches used as both
decorative and support for the vault
46
AL Ukhaidir palace
47. Architecture:
✣ The architects and masons of Ukhaidir
introduced, for the first time, an elaborate
technique based on the construction of
elliptical (pointed) barrel vaults with bricks
in similar technique to building a wall
which therefore made the way vaults were
built considerably easier.
47
48. ✣ The center of the palace is occupied by the court of
honor, a large court decorated with blind arcades,
incorporating in its top sections brick decoration of
geometric patterns.
✣ Court of honor showing the pishtag gate of the
Audience Hall, the well in the center, and the blind
arch decoration on the walls.
✣ The northern side of the court is a 6 m high wall
arcades on round engaged columns, above which a
second storey block with blind pointed arches, and
rising still further above a set-back wall crowned by a
parapet frieze of recessed niches.
48
AL Ukhaidir palace
49. ✣ The south side once incorporated a vaulted iwan
framed by a rectangular elevation in the form of
pishtaq. Behind it, there was a long chamber for
private audience connecting with a square room fitted
with four doors, one in the center of each side; this
must have been the throne room
49
AL Ukhaidir palace
50. ✣ They were distributed in pairs on the east and west sides of
the court of honour, but kept in isolation from its
ceremonial function by a tunnel-vaulted corridor encircling
both the court and the audience hall.
50
AL Ukhaidir palace