influenced by architecture during islamic period in INDIA . the architectural features of islamic period mainly the mughal structures .
the designing pattern of great str like city of fatehpur sikri and more .
SE cathedral, case study on se cathedral, example of colonial architecture of goa, literature case study on se cathedral, complete information on se cathedral
SE cathedral, case study on se cathedral, example of colonial architecture of goa, literature case study on se cathedral, complete information on se cathedral
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI | MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODImanoj chauhan
MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODI
The lodhi dynasty (or lodhi) was An afghan dynasty that ruled
The delhi sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
It was the last dynasty of The delhi sultanate and was founded by bahlul khan
Lodi when he replaced Dynasty.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the use of Hindu and Islamic elements in combination.
The trend begun when Hindu artisans were forced to create Islamic structures for the Delhi Sultans who having arrived in India on conquest and plunder lacked artisans and architects.
Under later dynasties, Islamic immigrants trickling into the realm (and in greater numbers during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East) added to the talent pool with newer ideas and authentic Middle Eastern styles.
The mix of styles and use of elements gradually evolved overtime reaching its pinnacle under the Mughals.
The mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi is taken to be the first of the garden mausoleums built in the sub continent.
Inspired in parts by Muhammad Shah’s Mausoleum situated a little distance away, its most visibly distinguishing feature is its octagonal plan and garden inside.
Out of the two types of tombs constructed during the period, the octagonal design appear to be associated with royalty than the more numerous square type.
The tomb was an innovation in mausoleum complexes built during the reign of the Delhi Sultanates.
Enclosed within a raised fortified complex, with two dome shaped Chattris (umbrella shaped domes) at the main entrance, the octagonal mausoleum sits in the middle of a large garden.
The housing space is ringed by a wide veranda with lightly carved pillars placed at measured intervals.
Crowning the head of the mausoleum is a single dome with a lotus finial at the top. The interior is ornamented with tiles beneath which is a single tomb.
The compound outside has an open air mosque built into the western wall with a paved platform for holy men to offer prayers for the soul of the sultan.
When the British first made inroads into India, little impact had been, was, or even intended on being made. Structures were mainly reflective of their functions, simple warehouses and a number of rather temporary administration facilities with residences remaining few in number, these kept to the traditional and vernacular. However, as British interests in India expanded, more permanent structures were required to facilitate the infrastructure of the new British Raj- symbols of their new status as the power seat; a sense of permanence and prominence.
The Crystal palace, an example of victorian architecture. Sir Joseph Paxton who was the architect of this and created a revolution bt made this structure with cast iron and glass. Though it doesn't exist anymore, for the cause of fire in 1936.
This building was served for exhibition purpose.More than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in its 990,000-square-foot (92,000 m2) exhibition space to display examples of technology developed in the Industrial Revolution.
Islamic Architecture in India: Imperial styleAr. TANIA BERA
The earliest appearance of Islamic architecture in India is referred to as the Imperial style. Indo-Islamic architecture may be divided into few phases starting from the twelfth century to sixteenth century. The sultanate of Delhi was undergone the regular change as five dynasties rose & fell; namely Slave dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughluq dynasty, Sayyid & Lodi dynasty.
Vastupurusa
For the basis of Hindú architecture often reference is made to Vastupurusa or “the spirit of the site”. One legend explains this as follows. There was an evil demigod (bhuta) who was born during Siva’s fight with the Asur Andhaka. This bhuta possessed a terrifying countenance and an insatiable hunger. The legend goes that having done great penance, the bhuta won a boon from Siva that allowed him to swallow the three worlds that constitute the Hindu cosmos. As this being stretched himself and began to occupy the heavens, he fell flat on the earth. The various gods and demigods seized this opportunity and pinned various parts of his body to the ground, rendering him helpless. This being came to be called Vast (or Vastupurusa) because the gods and demigods managed to lodge themselves on his body. Legends hold that the deities, in pinning him down, occupied different parts of his body and continued to reside there (Figure1). In order to satisfy his hunger, Brahma ordained that he receive offerings from people on building sites before construction. The body of the Vastupurusa is supposed to be sensitive at a number of points called marmas. The well-being of the Vastupurusa assures the well-being of the building and, by implication, its owner. An important criterion for any building, therefore, is to avoid injury to the marmas located on the body of the Vastupurusa. To ensure that this is achieved, texts prohibit any direct construction upon the marmas themselves. The marmas are specifically said to lie at the intersection of major diagonals, seen as the veins (siras or nadis) of the purusa.
Lecture 07: Islamic Architecture in India_Tughlaq DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Tughlaq Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
What is Taj Mahal? Find details of Taj Mahal along with interesting trivia & facts. Plan your tour packages, book hotels in Agra with leading tour operators in India
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI | MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODImanoj chauhan
MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODI
The lodhi dynasty (or lodhi) was An afghan dynasty that ruled
The delhi sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
It was the last dynasty of The delhi sultanate and was founded by bahlul khan
Lodi when he replaced Dynasty.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the use of Hindu and Islamic elements in combination.
The trend begun when Hindu artisans were forced to create Islamic structures for the Delhi Sultans who having arrived in India on conquest and plunder lacked artisans and architects.
Under later dynasties, Islamic immigrants trickling into the realm (and in greater numbers during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East) added to the talent pool with newer ideas and authentic Middle Eastern styles.
The mix of styles and use of elements gradually evolved overtime reaching its pinnacle under the Mughals.
The mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi is taken to be the first of the garden mausoleums built in the sub continent.
Inspired in parts by Muhammad Shah’s Mausoleum situated a little distance away, its most visibly distinguishing feature is its octagonal plan and garden inside.
Out of the two types of tombs constructed during the period, the octagonal design appear to be associated with royalty than the more numerous square type.
The tomb was an innovation in mausoleum complexes built during the reign of the Delhi Sultanates.
Enclosed within a raised fortified complex, with two dome shaped Chattris (umbrella shaped domes) at the main entrance, the octagonal mausoleum sits in the middle of a large garden.
The housing space is ringed by a wide veranda with lightly carved pillars placed at measured intervals.
Crowning the head of the mausoleum is a single dome with a lotus finial at the top. The interior is ornamented with tiles beneath which is a single tomb.
The compound outside has an open air mosque built into the western wall with a paved platform for holy men to offer prayers for the soul of the sultan.
When the British first made inroads into India, little impact had been, was, or even intended on being made. Structures were mainly reflective of their functions, simple warehouses and a number of rather temporary administration facilities with residences remaining few in number, these kept to the traditional and vernacular. However, as British interests in India expanded, more permanent structures were required to facilitate the infrastructure of the new British Raj- symbols of their new status as the power seat; a sense of permanence and prominence.
The Crystal palace, an example of victorian architecture. Sir Joseph Paxton who was the architect of this and created a revolution bt made this structure with cast iron and glass. Though it doesn't exist anymore, for the cause of fire in 1936.
This building was served for exhibition purpose.More than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in its 990,000-square-foot (92,000 m2) exhibition space to display examples of technology developed in the Industrial Revolution.
Islamic Architecture in India: Imperial styleAr. TANIA BERA
The earliest appearance of Islamic architecture in India is referred to as the Imperial style. Indo-Islamic architecture may be divided into few phases starting from the twelfth century to sixteenth century. The sultanate of Delhi was undergone the regular change as five dynasties rose & fell; namely Slave dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughluq dynasty, Sayyid & Lodi dynasty.
Vastupurusa
For the basis of Hindú architecture often reference is made to Vastupurusa or “the spirit of the site”. One legend explains this as follows. There was an evil demigod (bhuta) who was born during Siva’s fight with the Asur Andhaka. This bhuta possessed a terrifying countenance and an insatiable hunger. The legend goes that having done great penance, the bhuta won a boon from Siva that allowed him to swallow the three worlds that constitute the Hindu cosmos. As this being stretched himself and began to occupy the heavens, he fell flat on the earth. The various gods and demigods seized this opportunity and pinned various parts of his body to the ground, rendering him helpless. This being came to be called Vast (or Vastupurusa) because the gods and demigods managed to lodge themselves on his body. Legends hold that the deities, in pinning him down, occupied different parts of his body and continued to reside there (Figure1). In order to satisfy his hunger, Brahma ordained that he receive offerings from people on building sites before construction. The body of the Vastupurusa is supposed to be sensitive at a number of points called marmas. The well-being of the Vastupurusa assures the well-being of the building and, by implication, its owner. An important criterion for any building, therefore, is to avoid injury to the marmas located on the body of the Vastupurusa. To ensure that this is achieved, texts prohibit any direct construction upon the marmas themselves. The marmas are specifically said to lie at the intersection of major diagonals, seen as the veins (siras or nadis) of the purusa.
Lecture 07: Islamic Architecture in India_Tughlaq DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Tughlaq Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
What is Taj Mahal? Find details of Taj Mahal along with interesting trivia & facts. Plan your tour packages, book hotels in Agra with leading tour operators in India
CONTAINS PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRATIONS ABOUT JALIS MADE ON FACADE AND RAILING OF:
TAJ MAHAL
RED FORT, AGRA
DEEG PALACE, BHARATPUR
FATEHPUR SIKRI
FOR MORE INFO VISIT:
curatorhall.wordpress.com
Islamic architecture and influence on India, concept of the char bagh and the buildings of Fatehpur Sikri ....
Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city itself was founded as the capital of Mughal Empire in 1571 by Emperor Akbar, serving this role from 1571 to 1585, when Akbar abandoned it due to a campaign in Punjab and was later completely abandoned in 1610.
fatehpur sikri architecture history mughalsmanoj chauhan
Fatehpur Sikri is surrounded by wall on three sides and a lake on the fourth side. The architecture of the buildings was based on Mughal and Indian architecture. The Indian architecture included the Hindu and Jain architecture.
There are many structures like mosques, palaces, tombs, etc. which the tourists can view. The name of some of them are −
Buland Darwaza
Jama Masjid
Ibadat Khana
Jamat Khana
Tomb of Salim Chishti
Diwan-i-Aam
Diwan-i-Khas
Jodha Bai Palace
Panch Mahal
Birbal’s House
Anup Talao
Hujra-i-Anup Talao
Naubat Khana
Pachisi Court
Hiran Minar
Other Gates
There are many gates to enter the city which are −
Delhi Gate
Lal Gate
Agra Gate
Birbal’s Gate
Chandanpal Gate
Gwalior Gate
Chor Gate
Ajmere Gate
Mughal Architecture of INDIA.
The Mughal rulers built magnificent gates, forts, mausoleums, mosques, palaces, public buildings and tombs etc. The period of Shah Jahan (1627-1658) witnessed a glorious outburst of activity in the development of architecture. The Mughal architecture can be divided into two sections: Early and Later Mughal Architecture. The main characteristic features of Mughal architecture are: bulbous domes, slender minarets with cupolas at the four corners, large halls, massive vaulted gateways and delicate ornamentation. Buildings were constructed of red sandstone and white marble. One of the important distinguishing features is ornamentation.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
1. Fatehpur Sikri, Agra.
Site plan of Fatehpur Sikri
1.Fatehpur Sikri sits on
rocky ridge, 3 kilometres
(1.9 mi) in length and 1 km
(0.62 mi) wide, and palace
city is surrounded by a 6 km
(3.7 mi) wall on three side
with the fourth being a lake
at the time.
2.Its architect was Tuhir
Das and was constructed
using Indian principles.
3.The building material used
in all the buildings at
Fatehpur Sikri, palace-city
complex, is the locally
quarried red sandstone,
known as 'Sikri sandstone'.
4.It is accessed through
gates along the five-mile
long fort wall, namely,
Delhi Gate, the Lal Gate,
the Agra Gate, Birbal's
Gate, Chandanpal Gate, The
Gwalior Gate, the Tehra
Gate, the Chor Gate and the
Ajmere Gate.
4. A panoramic view of the Fatehpur Sikri Palace
1. Buland Darwaza, the 54
mt. high entrance to
Fatehpur Sikri complex
2. Jami Masjid
3. The central pillar of
Diwan-i-khas
1
2
3
4
5. Tomb of Salim
Chishti
6. Panch Mahal
5 6
2.
3. Buland Darwaza:
Set into the south wall of congregational mosque, the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri, this
stupendous piece of architecture is 55 metre high. The gate was added some five years later after
the completion of the mosque ca. 1576-1577 as an 'victory arch', to commemorate the Akbar's
successful Gujarat campaign.
The central portico comprises three arched entrances, with the largest one, in the centre, is
known locally as the Horseshoe Gate, after the custom of nailing horseshoes to its large wooden
doors for luck.outside the giant steps of the Buland Darwaza to left is deep well.
Jama Masjid:
It is a Jama Mosque meaning the congregational mosque, and was perhaps one of the first buildings
to come up in the complex, as its epigraph gives AH 979 (A.D. 1571-72) as the date of its
completion, with a massive entrance to the courtyard, the Buland-Darwaza added some five years
later. It was built in the manner of Indian mosques, with iwans around a central courtyard. A
distinguishing feature is the row of chhatri over the sanctuary. There are three mihrabs in each
of the seven bays, while the large central mihrab is covered by a dome, it is decorated with white
marble inlay, in geometric patterns.
Tomb of Salim Chishti:
A white marble encased tomb of the Sufi saint, Salim Chisti (1478–1572), within the Jama Masjid's
sahn, courtyard. The single-storey structure is built around a central square chamber, within
which is the grave of the saint, under an ornate wooden canopy encrusted with mother-of-pearl
mosaic. Surrounding it is a covered passageway for circumambulation, with carved Jalis, stone
pierced screens all around with intricate geometric design, and an entrance to the south. The tomb
is influenced by earlier mausolea of the early 15th century Gujarat Sultanate period. Other
striking features of the tomb are white marble serpentine brackets, which support sloping eaves
around the parapet.
On the left of the tomb, to the east, stands a red sandstone tomb of Islam Khan I, son of Shaikh
Badruddin Chisti and grandson of Shaikh Salim Chishti, who became a general in the Mughal army in
the reign of Jahangir. The tomb is topped by a dome and thirty-six small domed chattris, and
contains a number of graves, some unnamed, all male descendants of Shaikh Salim Chisti.
4. Ibadat Khana:
(House of Worship) was a meeting house built in 1575 CE by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, where the
foundations of a new Syncretistic faith, Din-e-Ilahi were laid by Akbar.
Anup Talao:
A ornamental pool with a central platform and four bridges leading up to it. Some of the important
buildings of the royal enclave are surround by it including, Khwabgah (House of Dreams) Akbar's
residence, Panch Mahal, a five-storey palace, Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), Ankh
Michauli and the Astrologer's Seat, in the south-west corner of the Pachisi Court.
Hujra-i-Anup Talao: Said to be the residence of Akbar's Muslim wife, although this is disputed due
to its small size.
Mariam-uz-Zamani's Palace:
The building of Akbar's Rajput wives, including Mariam-uz-Zamani, shows Gujarati influence and is
built around a courtyard, with special care being taken to ensure privacy.
Naubat Khana: Also known as Naqqar Khana meaning a drum house, where musician used drums to
announce the arrival of the Emperor. It is situated ahead of the Hathi Pol Gate or the Elephant
Gate, the south entrance to the complex, suggesting that it was the imperial entrance.
Pachisi Court: A square marked out as a large board game, the precursor to modern day Ludo game
where people served as the playing pieces.
Panch Mahal:
A five-storied palatial structure, with the tiers gradually diminishing in size, till the final
one, which is a single large-domed chhatri. Originally pierced stone screens faced the façade, and
probably sub-divided the interior as well, suggesting it was built for the ladies of the court.
[19] The floors are supported by intricately carved columns on each level, totalling to 176
columns in all.
Birbal's House:
The house of Akbar's favorite minister, who was a Hindu. Notable features of the building are the
horizontal sloping sunshades or chajjas and the brackets which support them.
5. A. Diwan-i-Khas
B. Daftar Khana
C. Khwab Gah
D. Char Chaman
A. Maryam’s House
G. Turkish Sultana
H. Sultana Garden
J. Diwan-i-am
Diwan-i-Khas
The Diwan-i-Khas, or Hall of Private Audience,
is a plain square building with four chhatris
on the roof. However it is famous for its
central pillar, which has a square base and an
octagonal shaft, both carved with bands of
geometric and floral designs, further its
thirty-six serpentine brackets support a
circular platform for Akbar, which is connected
to each corner of the building on the first
floor, by four stone walkways. It is here that
Akbar had representatives of different
religions discuss their faiths and gave private
audience.
Diwan-i-am
Diwan-i-Am or Hall of Public Audience, is a
building typology found in many cities where
the ruler meets the general public. In this
case, it is a pavilion-like multi-bayed
rectangular structure fronting a large open
space. South west of the Diwan-i-Am and next to
the Turkic Sultana's House stand Turkic Baths.
6. Buland Darwaza
The Buland Darwaza is made of red and buff sandstone,
decorated by white and black marble and towers above the
courtyard of the mosque.
The Buland Darwaza is symmetrical in plan and is topped
by large free standing kiosks, which are the chhatris.
It also has at top center the Buland Darwaza style roof
terrace edge gallery-kiosks on the roof, stylized
buckler-battlements, small minar-spires, and
illuminating inlay work with white and black marble.
On the outside a long flight of steps sweeps down the
hill giving the gateway additional height. It is 40
metres high and 50 metres from the ground. The total
height of the Structure is about 54 metres from the
ground level. It is a 15-storied high gateway that
guards the southern entrance of the city of Fatehpur
Sikri.
A Persian inscription on eastern archway of the Buland
Darwaza records Akbar's conquest over Uttar Pradesh and
the victory in Gujarat in 1601. An inscription on the
central face of the Buland Darwaza throws light on
Akbar's religious broad mindedness.
It took 12 years to build.
Buland Darwaza or the loft gateway was built by the
great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601 A.D. at Fatehpur
Sikri. Akbar built the Buland Darwaza to commemorate his
victory over Gujarat.
11. Taj Mahal
Location Agra, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Height 73 m (240 ft)
Built 1632–1653
Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri
Architectural
style(s)
Mughal architecture
Visitation More than 3 million
(in 2003
12. 1. The
'moonlight
garden' to the
north of the
river Yamuna
2. The riverfront
terrace, containing the
Mausoleum, and Mosque
Taj Mahal: PLAN
3. The Charbagh garden
containing pavilions
4. The jilaukhana
containing
accommodation for the
tomb attendants and two
subsidiary tombs
5. The Taj Ganji
13. Tomb
1.The tomb is the central focus of the entire complex of the Taj Mahal. This large, white marble
structure stands on a square plinth and consists of a symmetrical building with an iwan (an arch-
shaped doorway) topped by a large dome.
2.The base structure is essentially a large, multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners, forming
an unequal octagon that is approximately 55 metres (180 ft) on each of the four long sides. On
each of these sides, a huge pishtaq, or vaulted archway, frames the iwan with two similarly
shaped, arched balconies stacked on either side.
3.Four minarets frame the tomb, one at each corner of the plinth facing the chamfered corners. The
main chamber houses the false sarcophagi of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan; the actual graves are at
a lower level.
4.The marble dome that surmounts the tomb is the most spectacular feature. Its height of around 35
metres (115 ft) is about the same as the length of the base, and is accentuated as it sits on a
cylindrical "drum" which is roughly 7 metres (23 ft) high.
Minarets
1.The minarets, which are each more than 40 metres (130 ft) tall, display the designer's penchant
for symmetry. They were designed as working minarets—a traditional element of mosques, used by the
muezzin to call the Islamic faithful to prayer. Each minaret is effectively divided into three
equal parts by two working balconies that ring the tower.
Exterior decoration
1.The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture. As the
surface area changes the decorations are refined proportionally. The decorative elements were
created by applying paint, stucco, stone inlays, or carvings. In line with the Islamic prohibition
against the use of anthropomorphic forms, the decorative elements can be grouped into either
calligraphy, abstract forms or vegetative motifs.
Characteristics of Taj Mahal
14. Interior Decoration
1.The interior chamber of the Taj Mahal steps far beyond traditional decorative elements. Here,
the inlay work is not pietra dura, but a lapidary of precious and semiprecious gemstones. The
inner chamber is an octagon with the design allowing for entry from each face, although only the
door facing the garden to the south is used.
2.The interior walls are about 25 metres (82 ft) high and are topped by a "false" interior dome
decorated with a sun motif.
3.The octagonal marble screen or jali which borders the cenotaphs is made from eight marble panels
which have been carved through with intricate pierce work. The remaining surfaces have been inlaid
in extremely delicate detail with semi-precious stones forming twining vines, fruits and flowers.
4.Muslim tradition forbids elaborate decoration of graves. Hence, the bodies of Mumtaz and Shah
Jahan were put in a relatively plain crypt beneath the inner chamber with their faces turned right
and towards Mecca. Mumtaz Mahal's cenotaph is placed at the precise centre of the inner chamber on
a rectangular marble base of 1.5 by 2.5 metres (4 ft 11 in by 8 ft 2 in).
Garden
1.The complex is set around a large 300-metre (980 ft) square charbagh or Mughal garden. The
garden uses raised pathways that divide each of the four quarters of the garden into 16 sunken
parterres or flowerbeds. A raised marble water tank at the center of the garden, halfway between
the tomb and gateway with a reflecting pool on a north-south axis, reflects the image of the
mausoleum.
Characteristics of Taj Mahal