The document provides information about aircraft and aviation. It discusses the history of aviation from early pioneers to modern aircraft. Various types of aircraft are described including propeller, jet, and rotorcraft. Details are given about aircraft engines, how wings create lift, and how pilots control planes. The document also covers topics like overcoming the sound barrier, aviation education in Bangladesh, and career opportunities in the aviation industry.

1. Rasedul Islam Sagor ID:14307002
Prince partick ID:14307004
Saiful Islam ID:14307010
Sadnan shihab ID:14307014
Hadiul Islam ID:14307026
Section: F
Program: BSME
Group B

3. An aircraft is a machine that is
able to fly by gaining support
from the air, or in general, the
atmosphere of a planet. It
counters the force of gravity by
using either static lift or by using
the dynamic lift of an airfoil,or in
a few cases the downward thrust
from jet engines.
Img1: Some Aircrafts picture.

4. Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many
centuries, however the first manned ascent – and safe descent –
in modern times took place by hot-air balloon in the 18th
century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical
advances. Consequently the history of aircraft can be divided
into five eras:
1. Pioneers of flight From the earliest experiments to 1914.
2. First World War 1914 to 1918
3. Aviation between the World Wars 1918 to 1939.
4. Second World War 1939 to 1945.
5.Postwar era also called the jet age 1945 to the present day.
Era Name Year

5. Img1:Early Kites5th
century BC
Img2:Hot Airballons 3rd
century BC
Img4:La France 1884 Img7:Planophore 1871
Img6:Albatros 2 1868
Img5:Monoplane 1874
Img12:Paul cornes helicopter
1907
Img11:Wright glider
1902
Img10:Avion 3 1897
Img9:Maxim’s Flying
1891
Img8:Victor Tatin 1879
Img3:Dirigibles 24
september 1852

6. Img1:AutoChrome Lumiere Img2:Front page of the New York Times Mid-
Week Pictorial, January 1st 1917.
Img6:The slow, all-too-stable B.E.
2c was still in service in 1916,
literally a "flying target" for
German pilots.
Img5:The actual
aircraft that started
the "Fokker Scourge
Img4:The actual Scout
C, RFC serial no. 1611, flown
by Lanoe Hawker on 25 July
1915 in his Victoria Cross-
earning engagement.
Img3:Front page of the New
York Times Mid-Week
Pictorial, January 1st 1917.
Img7:A lineup of Albatros D.IIIs
of Jasta 11 in early 1917 - the
second aircraft in this lineup
belonged to Manfred von
Richthofen.

7. The period in the History of aviation between the end of World War
I (1918) and the beginning of World War II (1939) was characterised by
a progressive change from the slow wood-and-fabric biplanes of World
War I to fast, streamlined metal monoplanes, creating a revolution in
both commercial and military aviation.
Img1:USS Akron over Lower Manhattancirca 1932 Img2:US Navy airship USS Macon (ZRS-5) over Moffett
Field in 1933

8. Un-Powered Aircraft
Glider aircraft Ballons Kites
Img1:Modern 'flexible
wing' hang glider.
Img3:Delta kite
Img2:A hot air balloon in
flight.

9. Powered Aircraft
Propeller aircraft Jet aircraft Rotorcraft
Ornithopter
Img1:floatplane
Img3:Helicopter
Img4:The Pteryx Skybird
ornithopter in flight
Img2:Lockheed Martin F-
22A Raptor

10. • An aircraft engine is
the component of
the propulsion system
for
an aircraft that genera
tes mechanical power.
Aircraft engines are
almost always either
lightweight piston
engines or gas
turbines.
 There are various types of
Engines. Normally we divide
Aircraft Engines in 3
types.There are:
‡ Shaft Engines
1.Reciprocating (piston) Engines
2.Turbine Engines
‡ Reaction Engines
1.Jets
2.Pulse Jets
3.Rockets
‡ Newer Engines types
1.Wankel Engine
2.Diesel engine
3.Precooled jet engfines
4.Electric

11. Reciprocating Engines
Img1:Inline Engine
Img6:Rotary engineImg5:Radial engine
Img4:H configuration
engine
Img3:Horizontally
opposed engineImg2: V type Engine

12. Turbine Powered
Img1:Turboprop Img2:Turboshaft

13. Img1:Turbo Jet
Img2:Turbo Fan
Img3:Pulse Jet Img4:Rocket Engine

14. Wankel engine Diesel engine
Img1:First DKM Wankel engine designed Img2:Thielert Centurion aircraft diesel
engine.

15. How Wings Lift the Plane
• Airplane wings are shaped
to make air move faster
over the top of the wing.
When air moves faster, the
pressure of the air
decreases. So the pressure
on the top of the wing is
less than the pressure on
the bottom of the wing. The
difference in pressure
creates a force on the wing
that lifts the wing up into
the air. Img1:Computer Simulation of a Aircraft that
how wings make lift .

16. Laws of Motion
 Sir Isaac Newton proposed three
laws of motion in 1665.
These Laws of Motion help to
explain how a planes flies.
 1. If an object is not moving, it
will not start moving by itself. If an
object is moving, it will not stop or
change direction unless something
pushes it.

2. Objects will move farther and
faster when they are pushed
harder.

3. When an object is pushed in
one direction, there is always a
resistance of the same size in the
opposite direction.
Forces of Flight
Four forces of flight:
Lift-Upward
Drag-backward
Weighet-downward
Thurst-forward

17. Controlling the Flight of a
Plane
• To-
• Roll the plane to the right or left, the
ailerons are raised on one wing and
lowered on the other. The wing with
the lowered aileron rises while the wing
with the raised aileron drops.
• Pitch makes a plane descend or climb.
The pilot adjusts the elevators on the
tail to make a plane descend or climb.
Lowering the elevators caused the
airplane's nose to drop, sending the
plane into a down. Raising the elevators
causes the airplane to climb.
• Yaw is the turning of a plane. When the
rudder is turned to one side, the
airplane moves left or right. The
airplane's nose is pointed in the same
direction as the direction of the rudder.
The rudder and the ailerons are used
together to make a turn
How does a Pilot Control the
Plane?
Img1:Airplane Cockpit

18. • To control a plane a pilot uses several instruments...
• The pilot controls the engine power using the throttle. Pushing the throttle increases
power, and pulling it decreases power.
The Ailerons raise and
lower the wings. The
pilot controls the roll of
the plane by raising one
aileron or the other with
a control wheel. Turning
the control wheel
clockwise raises the right
aileron and lowers the
left aileron, which rolls
the aircraft to the right.
The Rudder works to
control the yaw of the
plane. The pilot moves
rudder left and right, with
left and right pedals.
Pressing the right rudder
pedal moves the rudder to
the right. This yaws the
aircraft to the right. Used
together, the rudder and
the ailerons are used to
turn the plane.
The Elevators which are on
the tail section are used to
control the pitch of the
plane. A pilot uses a control
wheel to raise and lower the
elevators, by moving it
forward to back ward.
Lowering the elevators
makes the plane nose go
down and allows the plane
to go down. By raising the
elevators the pilot can make
the plane go up.

19. • The pilot of the plane pushes the top of the rudder pedals to use
the brakes. The brakes are used when the plane is on the ground
to slow down the plane and get ready for stopping it. The top of
the left rudder controls the left brake and the top of the right
pedal controls the right brake.
• If you look at these motions together you can see that each type
of motion helps control the direction and level of the plane when
it is flying.
Img1:Pitch,Roll and Yaw of a Plane.

20. Sound Barrier
Sound Barrier 1 Sound Barrier 2 Sound Barrier 3
In order to travel faster than the speed of sound the plane needs to
be able to break through the shock wave. When the airplane moves
through the waves, it is makes the sound waves spread out and this
creates a loud noise or sonic boom .

21. • To study in Aviation Technology many Bangladeshi Institution provides
Bachelor or diploma degree.
Institute Name Website
Military Institute of Science and Technology (Public) http://www.mist.ac.bd
College of Aviation Technology http://www.catechedu.bd
Aeronautical Institute of Bangladesh http://www.aib.edu.bd
United College of Aviation Science and
Management
http://www.uca.edu.bd
Cambrian International College of Aviation https://www.facebook.com/C
ambrianIntlCollegeOfAviation
Heritage International college of Aviation http://www.heritageaviation
bd.com/
Aeronautical College of Bangladesh http://www.acb-bd.com
Galaxy Flying Academy http://www.galaxyflyingacad
emy.com

22. • Aircraft Maintenance Engineering
• Airframe and Engine Designing
• System Engineering
• Liason Engineering
• Aero Manufacturing
• Aircraft Manufacturing
• Aerospace Engineering
• Airtraffic Controller
• Aviation Management etc.

23. Limitation Overcome those Limitation
Parts manufacturers
Maintenance
organizations
Flight instructors and
utility/charter pilots
Flight schools
Aircraft owners'
insurance and personal
assets.
 Parts manufacturer industry
Should take more order from
their clients.
 Maintenance organizations have
to be more careful about
aviation industry.
 Need more skillful Flight
instructors
 Need more Aviation school
 International Civil Aviation
Organization should give more
safety for Aircraft owner
insurance and personal assets.

24.  All of contents collects from various sources . We mention some link
of collectors website as a reference :
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aviation
 http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/airflylvl3.htm
 http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
 http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-
12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html
 http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html
 http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/airplanes.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_engine
 http://www.aviationschoolsonline.com/schools-country-
listings/flight/Bangladesh/1.php
 Special Thanks to:
 http://google.com.bd

25. If you have any questions
we’ll be happy to answer
them as we go along !